20,007 results match your criteria: "a Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Service; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona ; Barcelona[Affiliation]"

Backgruound: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs.

Methods: Levin's formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies.

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Article Synopsis
  • The text explores the concept of the 'missing middle' in mental health care in Australia, where certain subgroups are not having their needs adequately met by existing services.
  • Using the Delphi method, experts from various groups collaborated to define the term and identify key issues, resulting in ten subthemes, of which four core ones were widely acknowledged: service gap, inflexibility, inadequate service quality and duration, and social disadvantage.
  • Ultimately, a consensus definition was formed that frames the 'missing middle' as a systemic service gap in mental health care, emphasizing the need for more effective solutions to support affected individuals.
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To explore the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) in occupational motor vehicle drivers. In January 2024, a cluster sampling method was used to study 606 occupational motor vehicle drivers from a transportation service enterprise in Beijing who completed occupational health examination in 2023 in Peking University Third Hospital as observation group and 596 non-occupational motor vehicle drivers as control group. The data of personal history, occupational history, blood pressure and ECG were collected, and the effects of occupational motor vehicle driving on hypertension and ECG were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.

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Introduction: Increasing knowledge of obstetric danger signs (ODS) and encouraging birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) practices are strategies to increase skilled maternal health service utilization in low-income countries. One of the methods to increase mothers' knowledge about ODS and promote BPCR practice is through health education intervention (HEI). However, the effect of context-specific community-based health education led by women's groups on these outcomes has yet to be comprehensively studied, and the existing evidence is inconclusive.

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Importance: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have high rates of mortality following myocardial infarction (MI). Hospitalization is an opportunity to initiate or continue evidence-based treatment to reduce risk in individuals with T2D and acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Objective: To determine patterns of evidence-based medication use during the period of transition from admission to discharge after hospitalization for MI or coronary revascularization among individuals with T2D and ACS.

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  • The study analyzes sudden cardiac death (SCD) trends in young people (1-35 years) in Denmark from 2000 to 2019, finding a significant overall decline in SCD incidence, decreasing by 3.31% annually.
  • It highlights that while witnessed SCD rates dropped significantly, unwitnessed cases remained stable, leading to a 79% increase in the proportion of unwitnessed SCDs.
  • Additionally, survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) improved from 3.9% to 28% primarily due to more bystander CPR and defibrillator use.
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  • * The study involved examining stool samples from 49 BaAka Pygmies using various microscopic methods to identify intestinal parasites, revealing four nematode species, with hookworm being the most common.
  • * Despite WHO-recommended deworming efforts reducing some infections, the persistent high prevalence indicates a need for improved sanitation and healthcare strategies to control STH spread in this community.
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Although a lack of diversity in genetic studies is an acknowledged obstacle for personalized medicine and precision public health, Latin American populations remain particularly understudied despite their heterogeneity and mixed ancestry. This gap extends to COVID-19 despite its variability in susceptibility and clinical course, where ethnic background appears to influence disease severity, with non-Europeans facing higher hospitalization rates. In addition, access to high-quality samples and data is a critical issue for personalized and precision medicine, and it has become clear that the solution lies in biobanks.

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Background: Evaluate the impact of chest X-ray (CXR) screening on mortality and treatment adherence by comparing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases detected through screening and those routinely diagnosed at healthcare facilities.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 10% randomly sampled National Health Insurance Service claims data assessed PTB cases diagnosed during 2004-2020. Patients were categorized as 'screening-detected (ACF, active case finding)' or 'routinely detected (PCF, passive case finding)' based on CXR screening history.

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Background: Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for severe medical conditions. Adherence to antihypertensive medication, especially in free-dose combinations, poses a significant challenge. This study aims to develop a novel method for assessing co-exposure to free-dose antihypertensive medications using secondary data sources.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major national health challenge with significant disparities linked to socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, sex, and geography, prompting federal efforts to build statewide primary care quality improvement (QI) cooperatives to improve heart health. To be effective, cooperatives require high levels of member engagement and leaders need ways to assess engagement. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel Cooperative Member Survey to assess cooperative member engagement and assess the value of the cooperative to members across three statewide heart health QI cooperatives.

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To reduce long hospitalization durations and the high rate of compulsory psychiatric hospitalization in Korea, a revision of the Mental Health Welfare law was passed and implemented in 2017. This study quantitatively analyzed changes in hospitalization use behavior of patients with psychotic and mood disorders after revision of the Mental Health Welfare law in South Korea. The intervention time was June 2017.

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Firearm possession among emergency department youth and young adults: A latent class analysis.

Prev Med

January 2025

UM Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; Department of Emergency Medicine, Univ. of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States of America; Hurley Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1 Hurley Plaza, Flint, MI 48503, United States of America; Univ. of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, Univ. of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC 10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; Youth Violence Prevention Center, Univ. of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; Dept of Health Behavior & Health Education, Univ of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights 3790A SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.

Introduction: Firearm injuries are a leading cause of death for youth/young-adults. We utilized latent class analysis to identify distinct motivational/behavioral patterns of firearm possession in a youth/young-adult emergency department sample to inform prevention strategies.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from surveys conducted among youth/young-adults (age = 16-29; n = 1311) seeking emergency department treatment (7/10/2017-6/25/2018).

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Incident Stroke After First-Time TIA According to ABCD Score: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Neurology

December 2024

From the Department of Cardiology (K.A.C., A.A., N.E.V., J.H.B., M.N.K., L.K., E.F.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Danish Center for Health Services Research (S.P.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (C.K.), Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Department of Cardiology (M.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte; and Department of Cardiology and Clinical Investigation (C.T.-P.), Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark.

Background And Objectives: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is associated with a higher short-term incidence of stroke. However, long-term data on this association are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the long-term incidence of ischemic stroke after TIA according to ABCD score and to identify factors associated with stroke after TIA.

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Importance: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective but remains underused in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs).

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a centralized CRC screening outreach intervention involving mailed fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) outreach and patient navigation to colonoscopy after abnormal results of FIT.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A pragmatic randomized clinical trial was conducted, using intention-to-treat analysis.

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Importance: The association between psychological resilience (PR) and frailty progression in older adults is not fully understood.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal associations between PR and its changes (ΔPR) with frailty progression among older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data were collected from a community-based prospective cohort study conducted in Shanghai from 2020 to 2023.

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The Modern Epidemic of Autoimmunity.

Int J Rheum Dis

November 2024

Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body, but the presence of autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), does not always lead to autoimmune diseases. Globally, autoimmunity is on the rise, influenced by socioeconomic factors, environmental exposure, diet, and stress. Climate change and pollution further exacerbate risks.

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2024 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease --- Part II.

Acta Cardiol Sin

November 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

For the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the recommended treatment target for each modifiable risk factor is as follows: reducing body weight by 5-10%; blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg (systolic pressure < 120 mmHg in high-risk individuals); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 100 mg/dL in high-risk individuals, LDL-C < 115 mg/dL in moderate-risk individuals, LDL-C < 130 mg/dL in low-risk individuals, and LDL-C < 160 mg/dL in those with a minimal; complete and persistent abstinence from cigarette smoking; hemoglobin A1C < 7.0%; fulfilling recommended amounts of the six food groups according to the Taiwan food guide; and moderate-intensity physical activity 150 min/wk or vigorous physical activity 75 min/wk. For the primary prevention of ASCVD by pharmacological treatment in individuals with modifiable risk factors/clinical conditions, statins are the first-line therapy for reducing LDL-C levels; some specific anti-diabetic drugs proven to be effective in randomized controlled trials for the primary prevention of ASCVD are recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; pharmacological treatment is recommended to assist in weight management for obese patients with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m (or 27 kg/m who also have at least one ASCVD risk factor or obesity-related comorbidity); an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, a sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, and finerenone can be used in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease for the primary prevention of ASCVD.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Results showed that a higher PRS was more strongly related to EGFR-positive LUAD cases (OR=8.63) than to EGFR-negative cases (OR=3.50), indicating a significant association based on mutation status.
  • * These findings imply that genetic susceptibility to LUAD differs in never-smoking East Asian women depending on whether the cancer has specific mutations, which could affect public health strategies and clinical practices.*
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Associations of blood lipids and LDL cholesterol lowering drug-targets with colorectal cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study.

Br J Cancer

November 2024

Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Background: Whether blood lipids are causally associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains unclear.

Methods: Using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR), our study examined the associations of genetically-predicted blood concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins (primary: LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and genetically-proxied inhibition of HMGCR, NPC1L1, and PCSK9 (which mimic therapeutic effects of LDL-lowering drugs), with risks of CRC and its subsites. Genetic associations with lipids were obtained from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 1,320,016), while genetic associations with CRC were obtained from the largest existing CRC consortium (n = 58,221 cases and 67,694 controls).

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Background: The Ethiopian government, supported by NORAD, the WHO, and other partners, is decentralizing diabetes care to primary health units via a task-shifting approach. Despite substantial investment, there is still a lack of up-to-date information on diabetes screening, diagnosis, treatment, and medication availability in the country.

Objective: This study assessed the effects of the NORAD-WHO intervention on diabetes care services, data quality, and the availability of infrastructure and medical supplies in Ethiopia.

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Introduction: Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) simplification strategies are needed for treatment-experienced people with HIV (PWH) and multidrug-resistant viruses. These individuals are commonly treated with boosted ART regimens and are thereby at risk for harmful drug-drug interactions (DDI). In this trial, we aim to assess the efficacy of the combination doravirine, dolutegravir and lamivudine (DOR/DTG/3TC) among people with a history of virological failure who receive boosted ART.

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Drugs for dyslipidaemia: the legacy effect of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S).

Lancet

December 2024

School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Cardiometabolic Service, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.

Since the discovery of statins and the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) results three decades ago, remarkable advances have been made in the treatment of dyslipidaemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Safe and effective statins remain the cornerstone of therapeutic approach for this indication, including for children with genetic dyslipidaemia, and are one of the most widely prescribed drugs in the world. However, despite the affordability of generic statins, they remain underutilised worldwide.

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Data-Driven Cutoff Selection for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Screening Tool.

JAMA Netw Open

November 2024

Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how using small datasets to select an optimal cutoff score for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) can lead to inaccurate results.
  • Researchers evaluated whether data-driven methods for cutoff selection resulted in scores that were significantly different from the true population optimal score and if these methods produced biased accuracy estimates.
  • Findings showed that many small studies frequently failed to identify the correct optimal cutoff score, particularly in smaller samples, leading to an overestimation of test sensitivity.
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