20,005 results match your criteria: "a Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Service; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona ; Barcelona[Affiliation]"

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Australian state of Victoria (in particular, its capital, Melbourne) experienced some of the longest lockdowns in the world.

Objective: This repeated cross-sectional study examined changes between March to June 2019 (pre-pandemic) and April to August 2022 (6 to 11 months following pandemic-related lockdowns) in overweight and obesity prevalence, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, diet quality, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among primary school children in north-east Victoria, Australia.

Methods: Height and weight were measured for Grade 2, 4, and 6 students in 2019 (3889 children) and 2022 (1816 children).

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Silicotuberculosis, the combination of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), remains a substantial clinical and public health problem in high TB burden countries with silica-exposed workforces. The objectives of this narrative review are to propose a definition of silicotuberculosis which includes post-tuberculous lung disease, to emphasise the importance of understanding how the two diseases modify each other, and to identify as yet unanswered questions relevant to clinical practice and disease control and mitigation. The unique aetiological relationship between silica exposure and TB is now firmly established, as is the accelerated impairment and mortality imposed by TB on individuals with silicosis.

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Introduction: Despite the many benefits of smartphones, researchers have raised concerns over problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its negative effects on physical and psychological well-being. Studies examining PSU and its impact among adults remain limited. Hence, we aim to examine the prevalence of PSU among adults in Singapore, and explore its associations with smartphone activities, sleep quality, and psychological well-being, as well as age and gender-related differences in these associations.

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Urinary tartaric acid as a biomarker of wine consumption and cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial.

Eur Heart J

January 2025

CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain.

Background And Aims: Moderate wine consumption has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older populations. However, wine consumption information through self-reports is prone to measurement errors inherent to subjective assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary tartaric acid, an objective biomarker of wine consumption, and the rate of a composite clinical CVD event.

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Article Synopsis
  • Previous models for predicting weight gain haven't been very effective, leading researchers to explore both traditional environmental factors and genetic markers to enhance accuracy.* -
  • A study involving nearly 246,000 participants found that environmental factors provided good predictive ability for weight gain, while genetic models performed poorly, especially at mid-late adulthood.* -
  • The research suggests that environmental factors should be incorporated into prevention strategies, and that genetic factors may be more relevant in predicting weight gain earlier in life.*
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Background And Objectives: Ocrelizumab labeling advises contraception for women during treatment and for 6-12 months thereafter. Because pregnancies may occur during this time, it is critical to understand pregnancy and infant outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) after ocrelizumab exposure.

Methods: Pregnancy cases reported to Roche global pharmacovigilance until 12 July 2023 were analyzed.

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Objective: Primary care general practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in common skin diseases (CSDs) diagnosis and treatment for community residents. This study investigates their clinical diagnostic ability for CSDs and influencing factors among GPs in Shanghai.

Methods: In 2023, we recruited 5745 GPs in Shanghai, and online survey was conducted among 5745 GPs with written informed consents.

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Introduction: Despite the importance of addressing different stages of cancer, there is a lack of data on how these stages relate to coping strategies. This study aims to analyze coping strategies among adolescents with cancer by comparing two distinct time points, the treatment phase and the post-treatment phase, with a particular focus on age and gender.

Methodology: A total of 201 cancer patients aged 12 to 17 years from Alicante, Valencia, and Madrid participated in the study.

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New, first-in-class oral antibiotics like zoliflodacin, developed in a public-private partnership, require an optimal introduction strategy while ensuring antibiotic stewardship. Zoliflodacin, given as a single dose for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhoea, recently demonstrated non-inferiority to ceftriaxone plus azithromycin and safety in a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Following regulatory approval, zoliflodacin could improve sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and help address the threat of untreatable gonorrhoea, as levels of resistance to current first-line treatments increase.

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The epidemiology of notifiable diseases in Australia and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2012-2022.

BMC Glob Public Health

January 2024

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.

Background: Infectious disease surveillance tracks disease epidemiology and informs prevention and control. Public health measures implemented in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 to 2022) affected infectious disease epidemiology. We examined notifiable disease epidemiology in Australia from 2012 to 2022, evaluating disease trends and pandemic impacts.

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Cost-benefit analysis of Canada's Prison Needle Exchange Program for the prevention of hepatitis C and injection-related infections.

CMAJ

December 2024

Disease Elimination Program (Houdroge, Stoové, Scott), Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service (Kronfli), Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Kronfli), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que.; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Stoové, Scott), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Background: Needle exchange programs are effective public health interventions that reduce blood-borne infections, including hepatitis C, and injection-related infections. We sought to assess the return on investment of existing Prison Needle Exchange Programs (PNEPs) in Canadian federal prisons and their expansion to all 43 institutions.

Methods: We developed a stochastic compartmental model that estimated hepatitis C and injection-related infections under different PNEP scenarios in Canadian federal prisons.

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Language barriers in emergency ambulance calls for cardiac arrest: Cases of missing vital information.

Soc Sci Med

December 2024

Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; St John WA, Belmont, WA, 6104, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, 3004, Australia; Emergency Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.

In medical emergencies, phoning the ambulance service constitutes a high-stakes interaction. Call-takers rely on callers to provide information about the patient so they can promptly recognise the medical problem and take swift action to remedy it. When a language barrier exists between the call-taker and caller, this can add a further challenge, given that third-party interpreters are rarely engaged, especially for time-critical conditions such as cardiac arrest.

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Lithium Use During Pregnancy in 14 Countries.

JAMA Netw Open

December 2024

Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Importance: In pregnancy, the benefits of lithium treatment for relapse prevention in psychiatric conditions must be weighed against potential teratogenic effects. Currently, there is a paucity of information on how and when lithium is used by pregnant women.

Objective: To examine lithium use in the perinatal period.

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Background: The Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, is responsible for the zoonotic disease known as MPX. Primarily found in western and central Africa, emerging studies indicate a shift in transmission dynamics. Ongoing MPX outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have escalated into significant public health concerns.

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Is global health truly global? A hashtag analysis of #GlobalHealth disparities on X.

Front Public Health

December 2024

Global Remote Research Scholars Program, St. Paul, MN, United States.

Background: X (Formerly known as Twitter) healthcare hashtags are a popular healthcare informatics and educational tool among medical professionals. #Globalhealth is one such widely used hashtag with extensive engagement. This study analyses #GlobalHealth to understand its pattern, global digital distribution, and other parameters during the COVID-19 pandemic on X.

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Background: The emergency personnel who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks endured severe occupational exposures, yet the prevalence of cognitive impairment remains unknown among WTC-exposed-FDNY-responders. The present study screened for mild and severe cognitive impairment in WTC-exposed FDNY responders using objective tests, compared prevalence rates to a cohort of non-FDNY WTC-exposed responders, and descriptively to meta-analytic estimates of MCI from global, community, and clinical populations.

Methods: A sample of WTC-exposed-FDNY responders (n = 343) was recruited to complete an extensive battery of cognitive, psychological, and physical tests.

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Regional action needed to halt antimalarial drug resistance in Africa.

Lancet

January 2025

Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK. Electronic address:

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Background: This systematic review evaluates the effect of audit and feedback (A&F) interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care and examines factors that may explain the variation in effectiveness.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving A&F interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care were included in the systematic review. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death for women in the United States, with veterans being at potentially higher risk than their nonveteran counterparts due to accelerated aging and distinct biopsychosocial mechanisms. We examined pathways between selected indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) such as education, occupation, household income, and neighborhood SES and major CVD events through lifestyle and health characteristics among veteran and nonveteran postmenopausal women.

Methods And Results: A total of 121 286 study-eligible WHI (Women's Health Initiative) participants (3091 veterans and 118 195 nonveterans) were prospectively followed for an average of 17 years, during which 16 108 major CVD events were documented.

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Background: Previous studies have found adverse effects on mental health following infection with SARS-CoV-2. This study investigates whether mental health is also impaired in unknowingly infected individuals. In addition, the relevance of the severity of the infection and the time since the onset of infection were analyzed.

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Background & Aim: Understanding local vulnerability to heat and cold is crucial for public health planning, yet few studies have provided a nationwide analysis of temperature-related mortality across diverse communities. This study analyses the association between ambient air temperature and non-accidental mortality across mainland Norway, using a constrained hierarchical clustering algorithm to group municipalities with similar geographic, environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic patterns.

Methods: This study analysed the association between ambient air temperature and non-accidental mortality across 356 Norwegian municipalities, using daily data from 1996 to 2018.

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Background: In 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force expanded the initial age for lung cancer screening from 55 to 50 years, which other associations have not followed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficiary age range for lung cancer screening and assess the potential heterogeneity in tumor histology and patient sex.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2011 and 2016 were included.

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Objective: To investigate the association among smoking cessation, weight or waist circumference change post-cessation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or all-cause death among patients with type 2 Diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 32,142 patients with T2D classified according to changes in smoking status, post-cessation weight, and waist circumference. Especially for recent or long-term quitters, participants who changed from current to none/former smoker or from non-smoker to former smoker were defined as recent quitters, and those who changed from former to none/former smoker were defined as long-term quitters.

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