High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with Parkinson's disease and treatment-resistant depression: a pilot study.

An increasing amount of evidence is showing the therapeutic effects of rTMS on PD-related non-motor functions neuroanatomically linked to the DLPFC. This presents an ongoing need to apply an optimal combination of stimulation parameters to clinically heterogeneous patient populations, including those with neuropsychiatric problems and other comorbidities along with the neurodegenerative process. In this prospective pilot study, six patients with PD and treatment-resistant depression were thoroughly assessed and carefully monitored before, during, and after each stimulation procedure.

The role of meaning in gastric cancer patients: relationships among meaning structures, coping, and psychological well-being.

Research demonstrates that the experience of cancer invariably violates patients' meaning structures, prompting them to use coping strategies to alleviate stress and enhance well-being. The current study aimed to examine the mediating effects of coping strategies in the relationship between global and situational meaning and psychological well-being in gastric cancer patients. One hundred eighty-seven patients (96 women and 91 men) with gastric cancer completed questionnaires measuring meaning in life, changes of beliefs and goals, coping, and psychological well-being.

Morningness-eveningness and caffeine consumption: A largescale path-analysis study.

It is still not clear how chronotype influences caffeine consumption (CC) and caffeine use disorder (CUD). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between chronotype, CC, CUD, and wellbeing. Participants of an online survey in Hungary (N = 2259) answered the CUD Questionnaire, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index.

The relationships between self-efficacy, self-control, chronotype, procrastination and sleep problems in young adults.

The main aim of our study was to examine whether there was a relationship between psychological characteristics such as self-efficacy, self-control and chronotype as well as procrastination on the one hand and sleep problems on the other. There were 315 young adults aged between 18 and 27 years ( = 20.57).

Distraction and reappraisal efficiency on immediate negative emotional responses: role of trait anxiety.

Emotion regulation involves attempts to influence emotion unfolding and may target experiential, expressive and physiological responses. Several strategies can be used, such as (re-evaluating the emotional situation to reduce its emotional meaning) or (turning the attention toward non-emotional aspects of the situation). Previous research on these regulation strategies produced contrasting results regarding their efficiency and we hypothesize that this could be due to individual differences such as trait anxiety.

Associations between empathy and altruistic sharing behavior in Chinese adults.

Previous research has shown that affective empathy, rather than cognitive empathy, significantly predicts people's altruistic sharing behavior in economic games. However, most of these studies were conducted in Western populations. There might be cultural differences in the relations between empathy and altruism due to different levels of empathy between Western and Asian individuals.

Cognition and emotion: a plea for theory.

Research on cognition and emotion during the past 30 years has made reasonable progress in theory, methods and empirical research. New theories of the cognition-emotion relation have been proposed, emotion research has become more interdisciplinary, and improved methods of emotion measurement have been developed. On the empirical side, the main achievement of the past 30 years is seen to consist in the reduction of the set of serious contenders for a theory of emotions.

Earlier Alcohol Use and Lower Neuropsychological Performance in Brazilian Adolescence: Is the School Environment Related to This?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate impulsivity, inhibitory control, and alcohol use in preadolescents and adolescents aged 10 to 16 from public and private schools.

Methods: Participants were 190 adolescents selected from public and private schools in Brazil. Neuropsychological measures related to impulsivity (i.

Relationships between vegetarian dietary habits and daily well-being.

The goal of the present study was to examine differences in the daily experiences of vegetarians and non-vegetarians. At the end of each day for two weeks, a convenience sample of American undergraduates described how they felt and how they thought about themselves that day, and they described the events that occurred to them that day. Multilevel modeling analyses (days nested within persons) found that vegetarians (individuals who avoided all meat and fish, n = 24) reported lower self-esteem, lower psychological adjustment, less meaning in life, and more negative moods than semi-vegetarians (individuals who ate some meat and/or fish, n = 56) and omnivores (individuals who did not restrict their intake of meat or fish, n = 323).

Confidence in accuracy moderates the benefits of retrieval practice.

The effect of Retrieval Practice refers to the phenomenon that taking a practice test is more effective for learning than re-study, probably due to the benefit from processes underlying successful retrievals during practice. However, it is rarely studied whether other processes (e.g.

Active-Alert Hypnosis: History, Research, and Applications.

After a brief review of the history of the idea of an activity-increasing hypnotic induction procedure with eyes open and pedaling a bicycle ergometer, the features of active-alert hypnotic induction are summarized. Results of research conducted on healthy volunteers revealed the behavioral, experiential, physiological, and interactional characteristics of the induced altered state of consciousness (ASC), showing both similarities and differences between traditional and active-alert hypnosis. A short description of the application of the method is followed by two brief case studies.

Testing and metacognition: retrieval practise effects on metacognitive monitoring in learning from text.

Previous research on the testing effect has primarily focussed on the benefits of testing at the cognitive performance level but rather disregarded the potential effects of testing at the metacognitive performance level. In the present study, we examined the potential of retrieval practise during learning to improve the accuracy of confidence judgments in future retrieval. In a learning-from-text experiment with 98 secondary school students, we implemented an initial test as retrieval practise and a final test one week later.

Inhibited symptoms of Attachment Disorder in children from institutional and foster care samples.

The main objective of the article was to study the prevalence of symptoms of the inhibited attachment disorder depending on type and quality of the caregiving environment. Analyses were based on data of a sample of institutionalized children from Georgia (N = 16), and two samples of foster children from Georgia (N = 27) and Germany (N = 55). Inhibited attachment disorder symptoms were assessed by the Disturbances of Attachment Interview (DAI) and the Rating of Inhibited Attachment Behavior (RInAB).

Sexual Violence Against Children in Sports and Exercise: A Systematic Literature Review.

Sexual violence against children in sports receives little research attention. The aim of this Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-based systematic literature review was to synthesize the up-to-date knowledge and identify the already known and the still unknown information in this area. The literature search yielded seven eligible studies for inclusion.

Convergent and construct validity and test-retest reliability of the Caen Chronotype Questionnaire in six languages.

Chronotype questionnaires provide a simple and time-effective approach to assessing individual differences in circadian variations. Chronotype questionnaires traditionally focused on one dimension of chronotype, namely its orientation along a continuum of morningness and eveningness. The Caen Chronotype Questionnaire (CCQ) was developed to assess an additional dimension of chronotype that captures the extent to which individual functioning varies during the day (amplitude).

The first signs of prospective memory.

We conducted a study to examine the impact of motivation and length of delay on performance on prospective memory (PM) tasks in 2-year of children. A total of 158 children aged exactly 24 months were asked to perform a naturalistic PM task. Length of delay (10 min; 35 min) and motivation (high; very high) were between-subjects factors.

Impaired sleep predicts onset of low back pain and burnout symptoms: evidence from a three-wave study.

In a three-wave questionnaire study of 405 working participants, who were initially free of low back pain (LBP) and emotional exhaustion, sleep problems were evaluated as a potential risk factor for the development of LBP and burnout up to three years later. Prospective risk paths were compared between the sexes and between two age-groups (18 to 45 years and older than 45 years). A longitudinal structural equation model showed a good fit with empirical data (RMSEA = .

Influence of sex-stereotyped stimuli on the mental-rotation performance of elderly persons.

Background: In mental-rotation tests with cube figures as rotational objects, differences in favor of men are often found (Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). Mental-rotation performance often declines with age (Jacewicz & Hartley, 1987), but sex differences usually remain (Herman & Bruce, 1983).

Methods: In this study, male- and female-stereotyped objects were used as rotational stimuli in a mental-rotation paper and pencil test (Ruthsatz, Neuburger, Rahe, Jansen, & Quaiser-Pohl, 2017) for elderly participants (age: 57-88 years).

Controlling for Response Bias in Self-Ratings of Personality: A Comparison of Impression Management Scales and the Overclaiming Technique.

Self-serving response distortions pose a threat to the validity of personality scales. A common approach to deal with this issue is to rely on impression management (IM) scales. More recently, the overclaiming technique (OCT) has been proposed as an alternative and arguably superior measure of such biases.

Self-reported stress and psychophysiological reactivity in paramedics.

Background: As an important group of health care professionals, paramedics accomplish sophisticated and frequently stressful tasks.

Design: The study investigated self-reported stress burden, self-reported health status, coping strategies, personality traits and psychophysiological reactivity in paramedics.

Methods: 30 paramedics were compared with 30 professionals from other disciplines, in terms of self-reported stress, physical complaints, coping strategies, personality traits and psychophysiological reactivity during aversive visual and acoustic stimuli, and cognitive challenge.

Online interviewing with interpreters in humanitarian contexts.

Purpose: Recognising that one way to address the logistical and safety considerations of research conducted in humanitarian emergencies is to use internet communication technologies to facilitate interviews online, this article explores some practical and methodological considerations inherent to qualitative online interviewing.

Method: Reflections from a case study of a multi-site research project conducted in post-conflict countries are presented.  Synchronous online cross-language qualitative interviews were conducted in one country.

Maternal attachment style during pregnancy and becoming a mother in Poland.

Objective: This paper investigates the connections in pregnant women between their mother attachment style and their self-image as a mother, the image of their mother as a mother, and their bond with the unborn child.

Background: The relationship with one's mother plays a crucial role in the process of becoming a mother. It influences what a pregnant woman thinks about herself as a mother.

Academic and non-academic predictors of student psychological distress: the role of social identity and loneliness.

Background: University students experience high rates of stress and mental illness; however, few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of academic and non-academic stressors on student mental health. Similarly, there has been little focus on the role of social groups in protecting against mental distress in this young adult group.

Aim: To identify the key social determinants of mental health symptoms in a student population.

Amnesic patients have residual prospective memory capacities.

Objective: To investigate, in two separate studies, whether amnesic patients with a severe memory impairment can learn to perform a habitual prospective memory task when they receive immediate feedback on prospective memory failures (Study 1) and whether amnesic patients are able to benefit from previous habitual prospective memory performance after a 24-h retention interval.

Method: A prospective memory task was embedded in a lexical decision task (Study 1) and in a perceptual discrimination task (Study 2). Performance was compared across test halves.

Three decades of Cognition & Emotion: A brief review of past highlights and future prospects.

Over the past three decades, Cognition & Emotion has been one of the world's leading outlets for emotion research. In this article, we review past highlights of and future prospects for the journal. Our tour of history covers three periods: The first period, from 1987 to 1999, was a pioneering era in which cognitive theories began to be applied to the scientific analysis of emotion.