Two TAL Effectors of Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum Induce Water Soaking by Activating GhSWEET14 Genes in Cotton.

Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm) is an important and destructive disease affecting cotton plants. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) released by the pathogen regulate cotton resistance to the susceptibility.

Unlocking Mechanisms for Soil Organic Matter Accumulation: Carbon Use Efficiency and Microbial Necromass as the Keys.

Soil microorganisms transform plant-derived C (carbon) into particulate organic C (POC) and mineral-associated C (MAOC) pools. While microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is widely recognized in current biogeochemical models as a key predictor of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, large-scale empirical evidence is limited. In this study, we proposed and experimentally tested two predictors of POC and MAOC pool formation: microbial necromass (using amino sugars as a proxy) and CUE (by O-HO approach).

Harnessing the synergy of Urochloa brizantha and Amazonian Dark Earth microbiomes for enhanced pasture recovery.

Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils from the Amazon rainforest that harbor microorganisms with biotechnological potential. This study aimed to investigate the individual and potential synergistic effects of a 2% portion of ADEs and Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu roots (Brazil's most common grass species used for pastures) on soil prokaryotic communities and overall soil attributes in degraded soil.

Changes in the potato rhizosphere microbiota richness and diversity occur in a growth stage-dependent manner.

Plant root and soil-associated microbiomes are influenced by niches, including bulk and rhizosphere soil. In this work, we collected bulk and rhizosphere soil samples at four potato developmental stages (leaf growth, flowering, tuber elongation and harvest) to identify whether rhizosphere microbiota are structured in a growth stage-dependent manner. The bacterial and fungal microbiota showed significant temporal differences in the rhizosphere and bulk soil.

A Global Relationship Between Genome Size and Encoded Carbon Metabolic Strategies of Soil Bacteria.

Microbial traits are critical for carbon sequestration and degradation in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, our understanding of the relationship between carbon metabolic strategies and genomic traits like genome size remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a global-scale meta-analysis of 2650 genomes, integrated whole-genome sequencing data, and performed a continental-scale metagenomic field study.

Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Meat Analogues: A Current Overview and Future Considerations.

For centuries, meat has been a staple in the human diet, cherished for its rich protein content, vitamins, appealing texture, and umami flavor. The future supply is, however, tenuous as the global population continues to grow. Additional issues regarding animal welfare, adverse health effects, and the environmental impact of meat production have accelerated the development of meat analogues (MAs) over the last decades.

Advancing biomonitoring of eDNA studies with the Anaconda R package: Integrating soil and One Health perspectives in the face of evolving traditional agriculture practices.

Soil health and One Health are global concerns, necessitating the development of refined indicators for effective monitoring. In response, we present the Anaconda R Package, a novel tool designed to enhance the analysis of eDNA data for biomonitoring purposes. Employing a combination of different approaches, this package allows for a comprehensive investigation of species abundance and community composition under diverse conditions.

Xylaria iriomotensis sp. nov. from termite nests and notes on X. angulosa.

Background: Fungus gardens of the termite Odontotermes formosanus, excavated from Iriomote Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, were subsequently incubated under laboratory conditions. A Xylaria species emerging from these fungus gardens was initially identified as X. angulosa, a species originally described from North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a Solonchak.

Soil salinization becomes serious under climate change and human activities. Although the residue decomposition contributes lots to soil carbon storage and fertility, the decomposition process and microbial mechanisms on saline-alkali soils are still vague facing climate change. We measured the mass loss of residue (0, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days), CO emission (every two days), and the microbial community structure (0, 4, 15 and 90 days) by using the litter bag method, gas chromatography and high-throughput sequencing technology during the residue decomposition (90 days) in a saline-alkali soil from the Tarim River Basin, China under various temperatures (15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C) and soil moisture levels (20%, 40%, 60% water holding capacity).

Beauveria felina Accelerates Growth When Competing With Other Potential Endophytes.

The fungus Beauveria felina is often classified as one of the so-called good biocontrol agents. However, no information is available about the growth of this entomopathogenic fungus in the presence of other endophytic fungi, which are usually found in plant tissues. Effects of fungal interactions vary from inhibiting the activity of a biocontrol agent to stimulating its effect on the targeted pathogen.

Recent advances in the synthesis and application of biomolecular condensates.

Biomolecular condensates (BMCs) represent a group of organized and programmed systems that participate in gene transcription, chromosome organization, cell division, tumorigenesis, and aging. However, the understanding of BMCs in terms of internal organizations and external regulations remains at an early stage. Recently, novel approaches such as synthetic biology have been used for de novo synthesis of BMCs.

Citrus maxima extract-coated versatile gold nanoparticles display ROS-mediated inhibition of MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cancer cells.

The expanding prevalence of microbial resistance to conventional treatments has triggered a race to develop alternative/improved strategies to combat drug-resistant microorganisms in an efficient manner. Here, the lethal impact of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria has been elucidated. AuNPs, synthesized from the extracts of the fruit, leaf and peel of the Citrus maxima plant, were physicochemically characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques not only confirmed the production of AuNPs of size below 100 nm but also identified the phytochemicals adsorbed onto the surface of NPs.

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction pathways drive high nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen retention under the flash drought in the largest freshwater lake in China.

Flash drought (FD) events induced by climate change may disrupt the normal hydrological regimes of floodplain lakes and affect the plant-microbe mediated dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNR), i.e., denitrification, anammox and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), thus having important consequences for nitrous oxide (NO) emissions and nitrogen (N) retention.

Soil microbiome bacteria protect plants against filamentous fungal infections via intercellular contacts.

Bacterial-fungal interaction (BFI) has significant implications for the health of host plants. While the diffusible antibiotic metabolite-mediated competition in BFI has been extensively characterized, the impact of intercellular contact remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the intercellular contact is a prevalent mode of interaction between beneficial soil bacteria and pathogenic filamentous fungi.

Honoring Hartmut Karl Lichtenthaler, innovative pioneer of photosynthesis, on his 90 birthday.

We honor Professor Hartmut Karl Lichtenthaler, a versatile pioneer of photosynthesis research, plant physiology, isoprenoid biochemistry, and stress physiology of plants, for his groundbreaking and creative contributions to plant science. His innovative research on the chemical composition, ultrastructure, and function of chloroplasts and his detection of the major methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants is key to our current understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of photosynthesis systems. His ingenious use of the powerful laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence imaging has helped us better understand the stress response processes in plant leaves.

Enhanced UV-B photoprotection activity of carotenoids from the novel sp. strain LAPM80 isolated from King George Island, Antarctica.

Antarctica's harsh environmental conditions, characterized by high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pose challenges for microorganisms. To survive in these extreme cold regions with heightened UV exposure, microorganisms employ various adaptive strategies, including photoprotective carotenoid synthesis. Carotenoids are garnering attention in the skin health industry because of their UV photoprotection potential, given the direct relationship between UV exposure and skin burns, and cancer.

Toward a phylogenomic classification of magnoliids.

Premise: Magnoliids are a strongly supported clade of angiosperms. Previous phylogenetic studies based primarily on analyses of a limited number of mostly plastid markers have led to the current classification of magnoliids into four orders and 18 families. However, uncertainty remains regarding the placement of several families.

Dynamic regulation and enhancement of synthetic network for efficient biosynthesis of monoterpenoid α-pinene in yeast cell factory.

Pinene is a plant volatile monoterpenoid which is used in the fragrance, pesticide, and biofuel industries. Although α-pinene has been synthesized in microbial cell factories, the low synthesis efficiency has thus far limited its production. In this study, the cell growth and α-pinene production of the engineered yeast were decoupled by a dynamic regulation strategy, resulting in a 101.

Unlocking olive rhizobacteria: harnessing biocontrol power to combat olive root rot and promote plant growth.

Olive trees are susceptible to various diseases, notably root rot caused by Pythium spp., which presents significant challenges to cultivation. Conventional chemical control methods have limitations, necessitating exploration of eco-friendly alternatives like biological control strategies.

Soil polluted system shapes endophytic fungi communities associated with : a field experiment.

With the expansion of the mining industry, environmental pollution from microelements (MP) and red mud (RM) has become a pressing issue. While bioremediation offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution, plant growth in these polluted environments remains difficult. is one of the few plants capable of surviving in RM-affected soils.

A comparative evaluation of rehabilitation approaches for ecological recovery in arid limestone mine sites.

Limestone mining in arid regions, particularly within fragile environments, leads to severe environmental pollution and ecological degradation. Developing a scientifically sound and effective ecological rehabilitation strategy is therefore critical. This study constructed a three-dimensional ecological rehabilitation model integrating soil amelioration and vegetation reconstruction.

Exploring 1-alkene biosynthesis in bacterial antagonists and jeotgalicoccus sp. ATCC 8456.

Terminal olefins are important platform chemicals, drop-in compatible hydrocarbons and also play an important role as biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. Currently, 1-alkenes are derived from petroleum, although microbial biosynthetic routes are known. Jeotgalicoccus sp.

Codon bias, nucleotide selection, and genome size predict in situ bacterial growth rate and transcription in rewetted soil.

In soils, the first rain after a prolonged dry period represents a major pulse event impacting soil microbial community function, yet we lack a full understanding of the genomic traits associated with the microbial response to rewetting. Genomic traits such as codon usage bias and genome size have been linked to bacterial growth in soils-however, often through measurements in culture. Here, we used metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with O-water stable isotope probing and metatranscriptomics to track genomic traits associated with growth and transcription of soil microorganisms over one week following rewetting of a grassland soil.

Variability of microbiomes in winter rye, wheat, and triticale affected by snow mold: predicting promising microorganisms for the disease control.

Background: Snow mold caused by different psychrophilic phytopathogenic fungi is a devastating disease of winter cereals. The variability of the snow mold pathocomplex (the quantitative composition of snow mold fungi) has not been evaluated across different crops or different agrocenoses, and no microbial taxa have been predicted at the whole-microbiome level as potential effective snow mold control agents. Our study aimed to assess the variability of the snow mold pathocomplex in different winter cereal crops (rye, wheat, and triticale) in different agrocenoses following the peak disease progression and to arrange a hierarchical list of microbial taxa predicted to be the main candidates to prevent or, conversely, stimulate the development of snow mold pathogens.