Biotechnological advances in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture.

The rhizosphere, the soil zone surrounding plant roots, serves as a reservoir for numerous beneficial microorganisms that enhance plant productivity and crop yield, with substantial potential for application as biofertilizers. These microbes play critical roles in ecological processes such as nutrient recycling, organic matter decomposition, and mineralization. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represent a promising tool for sustainable agriculture, enabling green management of crop health and growth, being eco-friendly alternatives to replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Decay experiments and microbial community analysis of water lily leaf biofilms: Sediment effects on leaf preservation potential.

Understanding the intricate dynamics of sediment-mediated microbial interactions and their impact on plant tissue preservation is crucial for unraveling the complexities of leaf decay and preservation processes. To elucidate the earliest stages of leaf preservation, a series of decay experiments was carried out for three months on Nymphaea water lily leaves in aquariums with pond water and one of three distinctly different, sterilized, fine-grained substrates-commercially purchased kaolinite clay or fine sand, or natural pond mud. One aquarium contained only pond water as a control.

From Division to Death: Metabolomic Analysis of BY-2 Cells Reveals the Complexity of Life in Batch Culture.

Tobacco BY-2 cell culture is one of the most widely used models in plant biology. The main advantage of BY-2 suspension cultures is the synchronization of cell development and the appearance of polar elongation. In batch culture, BY-2 cells passed through the lag, proliferation, elongation, and stationary phases.

Roles of Phyllosphere Microbes in Rice Health and Productivity.

The phyllosphere, comprising the aerial portions of plants, is a vibrant ecosystem teeming with diverse microorganisms crucial for plant health and productivity. This review examines the functional roles of phyllosphere microorganisms in rice (), focusing on their importance in nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and growth promotion. The molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions are explored along with their potential applications in enhancing sustainable rice production.

Host-microbiota interplay in arsenic metabolism: Implications on host glucose homeostasis.

Arsenic (As), a naturally occurring element with unique properties, has been recognized as the largest mass poisoning in the world by the World Health Organization (WHO). Approximately 200 million people worldwide are exposed to toxic levels of arsenic due to natural and anthropogenic activities. This widespread exposure necessitates a deeper understanding of microbe-arsenic interactions and their potential influence on host exposure and health risks.

Catabolic pathway acquisition by rhizosphere bacteria readily enables growth with a root exudate component but does not affect root colonization.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a fundamental evolutionary process that plays a key role in bacterial evolution. The likelihood of a successful transfer event is expected to depend on the precise balance of costs and benefits resulting from pathway acquisition. Most experimental analyses of HGT have focused on phenotypes that have large fitness benefits under appropriate selective conditions, such as antibiotic resistance.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Triple interactions for induced systemic resistance in plants.

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a crucial concept in modern agriculture, explaining plant defense mechanisms primed by rhizosphere stimuli and activated by subsequent infections. Biological factors contributing to ISR generally include plant growth-promoting microbes3 (PGPM). spp.

Cell Wall Dynamics in the parasitic plant () and rice pathosystem.

In the plant-plant pathosystem of rice () and the parasitic plant , cell walls from either plant are important defensive and offensive structures. Here we reveal cell wall dynamics in both and rice using simultaneous RNA sequencing. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to home in on cell wall modification processes occurring in interactions with a resistant rice cultivar (Nipponbare) compared to a susceptible one (IAC 165).

Uncovering the causal relationships in plant-microbe ecosystems: A time series analysis of the duckweed cultivation system for biomass production and wastewater treatment.

The complex interplay among plants, microbes, and the environment strongly affects productivity of vegetation ecosystems; however, determining causal relationships among various factors in these systems remains challenging. To address this issue, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of a data analytical framework called empirical dynamic modeling, which identifies causal links and directions solely from time series data. By cultivating duckweed, a promising aquatic plant for biomass production and wastewater treatment, we obtained a 63-day time series data of plant productivity, microbial community structure, wastewater treatment performance, and environmental factors.

Legacy Effects of Plant Community Structure Are Manifested in Microbial Biofilm Development With Consequences for Ecosystem CO Emissions.

To better understand linkages between hydrology and ecosystem carbon flux in northern aquatic ecosystems, we evaluated the relationship between plant communities, biofilm development, and carbon dioxide (CO) exchange following long-term changes in hydrology in an Alaskan fen. We quantified seasonal variation in biofilm composition and CO exchange in response to lowered and raised water table position (relative to a control) during years with varying levels of background dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We then used nutrient-diffusing substrates (NDS) to evaluate cause-effect relationships between changes in plant subsidies (i.

The receptor MIK2 interacts with the kinase RKS1 to control quantitative disease resistance to Xanthomonas campestris.

Molecular mechanisms underlying qualitative resistance have been intensively studied. In contrast, although quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a common, durable, and broad-spectrum form of immune responses in plants, only a few related functional analyses have been reported. The atypical kinase Resistance related kinase 1 (RKS1) is a major regulator of QDR to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris (Xcc) and is positioned in a robust protein-protein decentralized network in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Deciphering the ABA and GA biosynthesis approach of Bacillus pumilus, mechanistic approach, explaining the role of metabolic region as an aid in improving the stress tolerance.

Bacillus pumilus plays an essential role in agricultural applications as a beneficial microbe and for sustainable agriculture production. However, the underlying mechanisms of B. pumilus strains remain unclear as to how they are beneficial for plants as stress tolerant and growth promoters.

Insights into the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in plant-virus interactions.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common and dynamic epitranscriptomic modification in eukaryotic RNAs, affecting stability, splicing, translation, and degradation. Recent technological advancements have revealed the complex nature of m6A modifications, highlighting their importance in plant and animal species. The m6A modification is a reversible process, with "writers" depositing methylation, "erasers" demethylating it, and "reader" proteins recognizing m6A and executing various biological functions.

Rotavirus rewires host cell metabolic pathways toward glutamine catabolism for effective virus infection.

Rotavirus (RV) accounts for 19.11% of global diarrheal deaths. Though GAVI assisted vaccine introduction has curtailed RV induced mortality, factors like RV strain diversity, differential infantile gut microbiome, malnutrition, interference from maternal antibodies and other administered vaccines, etc.

The amino acid transporter UmamiT20 confers susceptibility.

• Induction of SWEET sugar transporters by bacterial pathogens via transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors is necessary for successful blight infection of rice, cassava and cotton, - likely providing sugars for bacterial propagation. • Here, we show that infection of by the necrotrophic fungus causes increased accumulation of amino acid transporter UmamiT20 mRNA in leaves. UmamiT20 protein accumulates in leaf veins surrounding the lesions after infection.

Unravelling the Molecular Dialogue of Beneficial Microbe-Plant Interactions.

Plants are an intrinsic part of the soil community, which is comprised of a diverse range of organisms that interact in the rhizosphere through continuous molecular communications. The molecular dialogue within the plant microbiome involves a complex repertoire of primary and secondary metabolites that interact within different liquid matrices and biofilms. Communication functions are likely to involve membrane-less organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins and natural deep eutectic solvents that play a role as alternative media to water.

Assessing horizontal gene transfer in the rhizosphere of using fabricated ecosystems (EcoFABs).

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major process by which genes are transferred between microbes in the rhizosphere. However, examining HGT remains challenging due to the complexity of mimicking conditions within the rhizosphere. Fabricated ecosystems (EcoFABs) have been used to investigate several complex processes in plant-associated environments.

Elicitors fortifies the plant resilience against metal and metalloid stress.

This review addresses plant interactions with HMs, emphasizing defence mechanisms and the role of chelating agents, antioxidants and various elicitor molecules in mitigating metal toxicity in plants. To combat soil contamination with HMs, chelate assisted phytoextraction using application of natural or synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids is an effective strategy. Plants also employ diverse signaling pathways, including hormones, calcium, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases influencing gene expression and defence mechanisms to counter HM stress.

The Impact of Microbial Interactions on Ecosystem Function Intensifies Under Stress.

A major challenge in ecology is to understand how different species interact to determine ecosystem function, particularly in communities with large numbers of co-occurring species. We use a trait-based model of microbial litter decomposition to quantify how different taxa impact ecosystem function. Furthermore, we build a novel framework that highlights the interplay between taxon traits and environmental conditions, focusing on their combined influence on community interactions and ecosystem function.

Atypical rhizobia trigger nodulation and pathogenesis on the same legume hosts.

The emergence of commensalism and mutualism often derives from ancestral parasitism. However, in the case of rhizobium-legume interactions, bacterial strains displaying both pathogenic and nodulation features on a single host have not been described yet. Here, we isolated such a bacterium from Medicago nodules.