Automated spinopelvic measurements on radiographs with artificial intelligence: a multi-reader study.

Purpose: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for automated measurements of spinopelvic parameters on lateral radiographs and compare its performance to multiple experienced radiologists and surgeons.

Methods: On lateral full-spine radiographs of 295 consecutive patients, a two-staged region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) was trained to detect anatomical landmarks and calculate thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Performance was evaluated on 65 radiographs not used for training, which were measured independently by 6 readers (3 radiologists, 3 surgeons), and the median per measurement was set as the reference standard.

Reducing postoperative morbidity by diminishing chest tube drainage utilizing tranexamic acid following vertebral body tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a non-fusion surgical option for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) that requires a postoperative (PO) chest tube. This study evaluates whether 48 h of PO TXA reduces chest tube (CT) drainage and retention compared to 24 h of TXA following VBT for AIS.

Methods: Consecutively treated patients with a diagnosis of AIS who underwent VBT were assessed.

Successful Radical Resection Of Masaoka Iii Squamous Cell Thymic Carcinoma Invading Superior Vena Cava And Right Atrium - Case Report.

Introduction: Complete radical resection is crucial for successfully treating thymic carcinomas. However, when the invasion of the great vessels or the heart in Masaoka III and IV stages occurs, the management poses more challenges. The R0 resection often requires neoadjuvant treatment.

Mini Atrial Septal Defect Closure In Dextrocardia With Situs Inversus By Left Anterolateral Thoracotomy(Lalt) Approach - A Surgical Challenge.

Background: ASD is a relatively rare subset among patients with situs inversus dextrocardia with concordant AV connection and a minimally invasive approach in dextrocardia has yet to be standardized. The present case describes a case surgical closure of ostium secundum ASD by left mini-thoracotomy approach in patient with dextrocardia and situs inversus.

Case Presentation: The present case describes a 44-year female patient of ostium secundum ASD in dextrocardia with situs inversus.

Otherwise, inoperable. The role of ECMO in thoracic surgery - focus on the mediastinum.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in surgery is expanding as the medical community started adopting it, with good results, for procedures with high risk of respiratory and hemodynamic instability. This technique provided the possibility to reduce the number of patients previously considered inoperable because of these limitations. Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare neoplastic mediastinal lesions, with a reported incidence of 0.

Immunonutrition to improve the quality of life of upper gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery (NEOIMMUNE): double-blind randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial.

Background: Malnutrition is common with esophagogastric cancers and is associated with negative outcomes. We aimed to evaluate if immunonutrition during neoadjuvant treatment improves patient's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and reduces postoperative morbidity and toxicities during neoadjuvant treatment.

Methods: A multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken.

Correlations between spinopelvic parameters and health-related quality of life in degenerative lumbar scoliosis patients before and after long -level fusion surgery.

Background: For degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS), prior studies mainly focused on the preoperative relationship between spinopelvic parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lacking an exhaustive evaluation of the postoperative situation. Therefore, the postoperative parameters most closely bonded with clinical outcomes has not yet been well-defined in DLS patients. The objective of this study was to comprehensively assess the correlation between radiographic parameters and HRQoL before and after surgery, and to identified the most valuable spinopelvic parameters for postoperative curative effect.

Massive endobronchial hemorrhage leading to Cardiac arrest during EBUS-TBNA: a case of successful resuscitation.

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is commonly used for diagnosing mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Despite a low complication rate, severe hemorrhage can occur which is reported in this literature, particularly in hypervascular conditions like Castleman disease.

Methods: A 54-year-old male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease underwent EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal lymph node sampling.

Extracellular vesicles from pancreatic cancer and its tumour microenvironment promote increased Schwann cell migration.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits a high frequency of neural invasion (NI). Schwann cells (SCs) have been shown to be reprogrammed to facilitate cancer cell migration and invasion into nerves. Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) affect the tumour microenvironment and promote metastasis, the present study analysed the involvement of EVs from pancreatic cancer cells and their microenvironment in altering SC phenotype as part of the early events in the process of NI.

Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A1 increases ferroptosis vulnerability in squamous cancer.

Ferroptosis is a unique modality of regulated cell death induced by excessive lipid peroxidation, playing a crucial role in tumor suppression and providing potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we find that aldehyde dehydrogenase-ALDH3A1 tightly links to ferroptosis in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Functional assays demonstrate the enzymatic activity-dependent regulation of ALDH3A1 in protecting SCC cells against ferroptosis through catalyzing aldehydes and mitigating lipid peroxidation.

sVEGFR3 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and immune cell infiltration.

Recent studies have suggested that sVEGFR3 is involved in cardiac diseases by regulating lymphangiogenesis; however, results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of sVEGFR3 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). sVEGFR3 effects were evaluated in vivo in mice subjected to MI/RI, and in vitro using HL-1 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion.

Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus Mutations Effect On Tumor Doubling Time And Prognosis Of Solid Dominant Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: To analyze the impact of Kirsten-Rat-Sarcoma Virus (KRAS) mutations on tumor-growth as estimated by tumor-doubling-time (TDT) among solid-dominant clinical-stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, to evaluate the prognostic role of KRAS mutations, TDT and their combination in completely-resected pathologic-stage I adenocarcinomas.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective analysis, completely resected clinical-stage I adenocarcinomas presenting as solid-dominant nodules (consolidation-to-tumor ratio > 0.

Association of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Mortality following Thoracic and Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Objectives: This study assessed the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity and postoperative mortality among patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and complex endovascular aortic repair (CEVAR).

Methods: A retrospective review of the Vascular Quality Initiative database identified elective TEVAR and CEVAR cases from 2013-2022 with endograft proximal landing zone ≥2 for thoracic or complex abdominal aortic disease. Symptomatic disease, ruptures, and urgent/emergent surgeries were excluded.

A Cell-penetrating bispecific antibody suppresses hepatitis B virus replication and secretion.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents one of the major pathogenic factor that leads to chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The currently approved anti-HBV drugs cannot eradicate the virus or block the development of HCC. HBV nucleocapsid consists of the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and the HBV relaxed-circular partially double-stranded DNA (rcDNA), indispensable in virus replication.

Ex Vivo Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy for intraoperative evaluations of staple lines and surgical margins in specimens of the lung - a proof-of-concept study.

Intraoperative consultation is frequently used during the surgical treatment of lung tumors for the diagnosis of malignancy and the assessment of surgical margins. The latter is often problematic given the nature of the applied staple lines, which cannot be readily examined in frozen sections. Seventy-nine samples of surgical margins (71 staple lines and 8 open margins) from 52 lung specimens were examined using an ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscope (FCM).

Dichloroacetate: A metabolic game-changer in alleviating macrophage inflammation and enhancing recovery after myocardial infarction.

Background: Dichloroacetate (DCA) has shown potential in modulating cellular metabolism and inflammation, particularly in cardiac conditions. This study investigates DCA's protective effects in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), focusing on its ability to enhance cardiac function, reduce inflammation, and shift macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.

Methods: An acute MI model was created using left anterior descending coronary artery ligation.

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as a Biomarker in Immunotherapy and Beyond: Advancing Towards Clinical Application.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic immune cell clusters formed in nonlymphoid tissues affected by persistent inflammation, such as in cancer and prolonged infections. They have features of the structure and function of secondary lymphoid organs, featuring central CD20+ B cells, surrounded by CD3+ T cells, CD21+ follicular dendritic cells, and CD68+ macrophages, with a complex vascular system. TLS formation is governed by lymphotoxin-α1β2, TNF, and chemokines like CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL13, differing from secondary lymphoid organ development in developing later in life at sites of chronic inflammation.

Formosanin C induces autophagy-mediated cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma through activating DUSP1/AMPK/ULK1/Beclin1 signaling pathway.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancers and is associated with poor survival. Formosanin C (FC) is a diosgenin glycoside extracted from Paris polyphylla. Therapeutic effects of FC against HCC malignancies remain unclear.

A Comparative Study Between Cold Static Storage and Normothermic Ex-Situ Donor Heart Preservation in a Rat Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation.

Introduction: Cold static storage (CSS) and normothermic ex-situ preservation are the most widely used donor heart preservation techniques worldwide. The current study compares both CSS and normothermic ex-situ preservation methods in terms of graft performance, morphologic changes, and acute immune response in an experimental model.

Method And Materials: Twenty rats underwent heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation after 2 h of CSS (group 1; n = 10) or normothermic ex-situ perfusion (group 2; n = 10).

Novel Surgical Initiatives in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours.

Purpose Of Review: Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are rare entities arising from hormone producing cells in the gastroentero-pancreatic (GEP) tract. Surgery is the most common treatment of GEP-NETs.

Recent Findings: Improvements in surgical techniques allow for more locally advanced and metastasised GEP-NETs to be resected.

Right versus left thoracic approach esophagectomy for patients with neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of left thoracic approach (LTA) and right thoracic approach (RTA) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT).

Methods: This study included 83 ESCC patients who underwent right transthoracic esophagectomy ( = 61) and left transthoracic esophagectomy ( = 22) after NICT in our hospital from October 2019 to September 2023. The data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed.

SUMO-Specific Peptidase 5 Promotes Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Growth through the NF-κB- Axis.

Background: This study investigates the role of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific peptidase 5 (SENP5), a key regulator of SUMOylation, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a lethal disease, and its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes between ESCC mouse oesophageal cancer tissues and normal tissues were analysed via RNA-seq; among them, SENP5 expression was upregulated, and this gene was selected for further analysis. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were then used to validate the increased protein level of SENP5 in both mouse and human ESCC samples.

Three-Dimensional Posture Analysis-Based Modifications After Manual Therapy: A Preliminary Study.

Manual therapies like Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) and Gentle Touch Intervention (GTI) are widely employed for improving posture and spinal alignment, but their effects as measured using advanced technologies remain underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the short-term postural effects of these interventions using a non-invasive three-dimensional rasterstereography-based approach, focusing on the cervical arrow, lumbar arrow, kyphotic angle, and lordotic angle parameters. A three-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted with 165 healthy participants.