Emerging treatments for sarcoma: from 2024 onward.

Introduction: Sarcomas are a rare and diverse group of mesenchymal-origin solid tumors, constituting only 1% of adult malignancies and classified into soft tissue and bone sarcomas. For localized disease, surgery and radiotherapy remain the cornerstone treatments. However, systemic options for advanced stages are limited, with an overall survival of approximately 20 months.

Preoperative Nutritional Status Influences Enteral Nutrition Weaning 6 Months Post-Surgery in Patients with Esophageal Cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify whether nutritional status at admission affects enteral nutrition weaning 6 months after surgery in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 81 patients who underwent subtotal esophageal cancer resection between April 2014 and February 2016. The survey items were as follows: 1) sex, 2) age, 3) presence or absence of family members living together, 4) clinical stage, 5) surgical procedure, 6) reconstructed organs, 7) nutritional status at admission, 8) presence or absence of postoperative complications (anastomotic leakage, chylothorax, and recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis), and 9) presence or absence of treatment other than surgery (chemo- or radiotherapy).

Analyzing Secondary Cancer Risk: A Machine Learning Approach.

Objective: Addressing the rising cancer rates through timely diagnosis and treatment is crucial. Additionally, cancer survivors need to understand the potential risk of developing secondary cancer (SC), which can be influenced by several factors including treatment modalities, lifestyle choices, and habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption. This study aims to establish a novel relationship using linear regression models between dose and the risk of SC, comparing different prediction methods for lung, colon, and breast cancer.

Comparison of Five Pathological Tumor Regression Grading Systems for Rectal Cancer Following Chemoradiation: Correlation Coefficient and Intra-Rater Reliability.

Objective: To determine the correlation among five different types of tumor regression grading (TRG) systems. Test-retest reliability analyses were conducted at two time points to assess the internal validity and consistency of these five TRG systems.

Methods: A test-retest study was performed in 34 pathologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma specimens.

Investigation of Genetic Polymorphisms Related GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 Genes and their Association with Radiotherapy Toxicity among Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

Background: In this study we explored the association of polymorphisms of glutathione s transferase gene including GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 with adverse acute normal tissue reactions resulted from radiotherapy in HNC patients. We assessed the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and Ile105Val of exon-5 and Ala114Val of exon-6 of GSTP1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of acute skin toxicity reactions after therapeutic radiotherapy in HNC patients.

Methods: Four hundred HNC patients administered with Intensity modulated radiation therapy were enrolled in this study for the evaluation of radiotherapy associated toxicity reactions.

Weight censorial score: estimation of the weight loss during concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients by image features predicts prognosis.

Purpose: Bodyweight loss is commonly found in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma patients during Concurrent Chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) and has implications for treatment decisions. However, the prognostic value of this weight loss remains uncertain. We addressed it by proposing a novel index Weight Censorial Score (WCS) that characterizes the patient-specific CCRT response on actual to estimated weight loss.

Photon mini-GRID therapy for preoperative breast cancer tumor treatment: A treatment plan study.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer mortality worldwide, accounting for 1 in 6 cancer deaths. Surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy are the three pillars of breast cancer treatment, with several strategies developed to combine them. The association of preoperative radiotherapy with immunotherapy may improve breast cancer tumor control by exploiting the tumor radio-induced immune priming.

MR imaging of proton beam-induced oxygen depletion.

Background: Previous studies have shown that in-beam magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize a proton beam during the irradiation of liquid-filled phantoms. The beam energy- and current-dependent local image contrast observed in water was identified to be predominantly caused by beam-induced buoyant convection and associated flow effects. Besides this flow dependency, the MR signal change was found to be characterized by a change in the relaxation time of water, hinting at a radiochemical contribution, which was hypothesized to lie in oxygen depletion-evoked relaxation time lengthening.

Radiosurgery versus radiation therapy for long term local control rate of craniopharyngioma: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Craniopharyngiomas are challenging benign tumors arising from Rathke's pouch remnants, often requiring multidisciplinary management due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. This meta-analysis systematically compares conventional radiation therapy (RT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (RS) in treating residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas.

Method: A comprehensive literature search identified 44 studies, including 46 reports, meeting inclusion criteria such as progression-free survival (PFS) and post-radiotherapy complications.

Estimation of surface doses in the presence of an air gap under a bolus for a 6 MV clinical photon beam - a phantom study.

Goal of the present study was to develop and build a phantom that replicates the air gaps under a gel bolus and to estimate the surface dose (D) under normal incidence with a 6 MV photon beam. For this, an acrylic phantom with 10 plates, each including five open slots (one in the centre and four off axis) with a size of 2 cm × 2 cm at depths of 0.54 cm, 0.

The relevance of dental management prior to radiation therapy with severe oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients.

Background/purpose: Dental management prior to radiotherapy is often time-critical, and there are no studies on whether manipulations such as tooth extraction influence the risk of severe radiation-induced oral mucositis (ROM) during radiotherapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the relationship between dental management and the incidence of severe ROM.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 144 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who received dental management before radiotherapy at Peking University Cancer Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2017.

Construction of a nomogram prediction model for early postoperative stoma complications of colorectal cancer.

Background: Postoperative enterostomy is increasing in patients with colorectal cancer, but there is a lack of a model that can predict the probability of early complications.

Aim: To explore the factors influencing early postoperative stoma complications in colorectal cancer patients and to construct a nomogram prediction model for predicting the probability of these complications.

Methods: A retrospective study of 462 patients who underwent postoperative ostomy for colorectal cancer in the Gastrointestinal Department of the Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital.

DNA vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics against cancer: a new insight.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality around the world and most of our conventional treatments are not efficient enough to combat this deadly disease. Harnessing the power of the immune system to target cancer cells is one of the most appealing methods for cancer therapy. Nucleotide-based cancer vaccines, especially deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cancer vaccines are viable novel cancer treatments that have recently garnered significant attention.

Famitinib plus camrelizumab in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: Data from a multicenter, basket study.

Concurrent inhibition of angiogenesis and immune checkpoints represents a potent therapeutic approach. We conducted a phase 2, multicenter, basket study to assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of famitinib (anti-angiogenic agent) plus camrelizumab (PD-1 antagonist) in patients with metastatic solid tumors across 11 cohorts (this study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov [NCT04346381]).

Overall Survival of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Following the Introduction of Targeted and Immunotherapies: A Norwegian Retrospective, Real-World Registry Data Study (RECON3).

Purpose: In Norway, 5-year survival rates of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are increasing. The objective of this study was to describe the survival of real-world patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) across Norway and to identify associated factors. The results may provide additional information on the benefits of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical practice.

Adipose-derived Stem Cells and Wound Healing Are Progressively Impaired Long-term After Radiotherapy in Mice.

Background: The pathogenesis of deterministic radiation damage is not clearly understood, but it has been reported that fibroinflammatory pathways are up-regulated. We hypothesized that the number of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) decline after radiotherapies, preventing normalization of fibrosis and angiogenesis, resulting in chronic radiation damages that progress over time.

Methods: Dorsal skin of 8-week-old male BALB/cfC3H mice was irradiated with 10 Gy weekly for 4 weeks.

Effects of acteoside from on the plasma metabolome of cancer-related fatigue mice inoculated with colon cancer cells.

Objective: To elucidate the metabolic mechanisms by which acteoside (ACT) isolated from alleviates cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in a murine model of colon cancer with cachexia.

Methods: BALB/c mice inoculated with C26 colon cancer cells were treated with paclitaxel (PTX, 10 mg/kg) and ACT (100 mg/kg) alone or in combination for 21 days. Fatigue-associated behaviors, tumor inhibition rate, and skeletal muscle morphology assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and electron microscopy were evaluated.

Impact of Timing the Combination of Radiotherapy and PD-1 Inhibitors on Outcomes in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: The optimal timing for combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain and affects treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of synchronously administered radiotherapy and programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 inhibitors and sequential administration in patients with HCC.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 67 patients with HCC who were undergoing liver radiotherapy and PD-1 inhibitor therapy at two medical centers between July 2017 and April 2023.

Brucea javanica oil inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of oral squamous carcinoma by regulated the MTFR2 pathway.

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in oral and maxillofacial region. The development of new chemotherapy agents and new drug combinations may improve patient survival and quality of life, but both surgery and radiotherapy have significant functional side effects and drug resistance, ultimately resulting in a 5-year survival rate of no more than 60% for OSCC patients. Studies have shown that Brucea javanica oil (BJO) extracts have anti-cancer effects against a variety of cancers, but little research has been reported on OSCC.

Case report: Endolymphatic sac tumor with blurred vision.

Introduction: Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is a rare neoplasm that exhibits aggressive growth primarily in the endolymphatic capsule and can potentially affect nearby neurovascular structures. The diagnosis of ELST poses challenges due to its low prevalence, gradual progression, and nonspecific symptomatology. It is currently believed that prompt surgical intervention is recommended for endolymphatic sac tumors upon diagnosis.

Predictive value of gemstone spectral imaging for chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer liver metastases: A retrospective study.

Background: Accurate and timely assessment of tumor response after chemotherapy is crucial in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) for early assessment of chemotherapy responses in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM).

Materials And Methods: From October 2012 to October 2018, 46 patients (28 males and 18 females) with CRCLM received GSI followed by chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed.

Survival of Patients with Solid Tumours and Sepsis Admitted to Intensive Care in a Tertiary Oncology Centre: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Patients with cancer are at risk of developing sepsis and requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We aimed to assess survival of patients with a solid tumour admitted to ICU as an emergency with sepsis, and to identify predictors of 90-day survival at admission.

Metal-Phenolic Nanomedicines Targeting Fatty Acid Metabolic Reprogramming to Overcome Immunosuppression in Radiometabolic Cancer Therapy.

Radiation therapy (RT) is a prevalent cancer treatment; however, its therapeutic outcomes are frequently impeded by tumor radioresistance, largely attributed to metabolic reprogramming characterized by increased fatty acid uptake and oxidation. To overcome this limitation, we developed polyphenol-metal coordination polymer (PPWQ), a novel nanoradiotherapy sensitizer specifically designed to regulate fatty acid metabolism and improve RT efficacy. These nanoparticles (NPs) utilize a metal-phenolic network (MPN) to integrate tungsten ions (W), quercetin (QR), and a PD-L1-blocking peptide within a PEG-polyphenol scaffold.

Organ preservation, for rectal cancer: general overview of the latest data from phase III randomized trials.

Introduction: Organ preservation (OP) strategies are gaining interest in improving the quality of life in the management of rectal cancer, particularly for tumors located in the distal or middle rectum. The optimal OP protocol is still not standardized and relies on randomized trials. This review summarizes past and ongoing studies on OP protocols for adenocarcinoma of the distal and middle rectum.

Management of asynchronous multifocal adult glioblastoma with loss of BRAF -mutant clonality: a case report.

Glioblastoma (GBM) classification involves a combination of histological and molecular signatures including IDH1/2 mutation, TERT promoter mutation, and EGFR amplification. Non-canonical mutations such as BRAF, found in 1-2% of GBMs, activate the MEK-ERK signaling pathway. This mutation can be targeted by small molecule inhibitors, offering therapeutic potential for GBM.