Hyoid bone-based sex discrimination among Egyptians using a multidetector computed tomography: discriminant function analysis, meta-analysis, and artificial intelligence-assisted study.

The hyoid bone has been identified as sexually dimorphic in various populations. The current study is a forerunner analysis that used three-dimensional multidetector computed tomography (3D MDCT) images of the hyoid bone to examine sexual dimorphism in the Egyptian population. A total of 300 subjects underwent neck CT imaging, with an additional 60 subjects randomly selected for model validation.

Neonicotinoid exposure causes behavioral impairment and delayed mortality of the federally threatened American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus.

Among the most immediate drivers of American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus Olivier) declines, nontarget toxicity to pesticides is poorly understood. Acute, episodic exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides at environmentally relevant concentrations is linked to negative impacts on beneficial terrestrial insect taxa. Beyond mortality, behavioral indicators of toxicity are often better suited to assess sublethal effects of residual concentrations in the environment.

Thymol as a Novel Plant-Derived Antibacterial Agent for Suppressing Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum in Cotton.

Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm) associated with bacterial blight disease is a significant and widespread pathogen affecting cotton worldwide. The excessive use of harmful chemicals to control plant pathogens has exerted a negative impact on environmental safety.

Restorative effects of camellia oil on the skin-barrier function in a model of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis.

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of camellia oil on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice, as well as its effect on the expression of skin-barrier-related proteins. A mouse model of AD was created via topical application of DNCB; subsequently, the animals were randomly divided into four groups: the blank control (Control), model (Model), moisturizing cream (Moisturizer), and camellia oil (Camellia) groups. The Camellia group received camellia oil, whereas the Moisturizer group was treated with moisturizing cream, as a positive control.

Bergenin, a bioactive flavonoid: advancements in the prospects of anticancer mechanism, pharmacokinetics and nanoformulations.

The natural world is a vast reservoir of exceptionally varied and inventive chemical compositions. Natural products are used as initial compounds to create combinatorial libraries by targeted modifications and then by analyzing their structure-activity connections. This stage is regarded as a crucial milestone in drug discovery and development.

An updated review summarizing the anticancer potential of flavonoids via targeting NF-kB pathway.

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) cell signaling pathway is essential for the progression and development of numerous human disorders, including cancer. NF-κB signaling pathway regulates a wide range of physiological processes, such as cell survival, growth, and migration. Deregulated NF-kB signaling resulted in unregulated cell proliferation, viability, movement, and invasion, thus promoting tumor development.

Molecular Characterization of Yellow Mosaic Disease Causing Begomoviruses in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) from Three Agro-ecological Zones of India.

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) plants exhibiting symptoms of yellow mosaic disease (YMD) were collected in winter 2023 from multiple agricultural fields of Kanpur, Sehore, and Madhubani, representing three different agro-ecological zones in India. The recorded disease incidence ranged from 3 to 5%, 1 to 4%, and 12 to 20% in these zones, respectively.

Tilia species (linden) exert anti-cancer effects on MIA PaCa-2 cells through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.

This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of the chemically characterized Tilia species (linden) on MIA PaCa-2 cells by analyzing various cancer-triggering mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation status. Extracts from the flowers, bracts, and inflorescences of T. cordata, T.

How urban proximity shapes agricultural pest dynamics: a review.

Agricultural landscapes adjacent to human settlements are subject to unique ecological dynamics that influence pest populations, yet the complexity of these relationships remains relatively underexplored. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the impacts of urban proximity on agricultural plant pathogen pest dynamics, focusing on spatial distribution patterns, theoretical frameworks from landscape ecology, and the specific mechanisms driving these interactions. The urban heat island effect, habitat fragmentation, and human activities contribute to altered microclimates, reduced natural predator populations, and increased pest proliferation near settlements.

Impact of water stress to plant epigenetic mechanisms in stress and adaptation.

Water is the basic molecule in living beings, and it has a major impact on vital processes. Plants are sessile organisms with a sophisticated regulatory network that regulates how resources are distributed between developmental and adaptation processes. Drought-stressed plants can change their survival strategies to adapt to this unfavorable situation.

Antifungal Effect of Cinnamon Bark Extract on the Phytopathogenic Fungus .

Research Background: The use of plant extracts in the biological control of fungal plant diseases can reduce the use of fungicides and residues in food by effectively suppressing mycotoxigenic microorganisms. The focus of interest is therefore finding plant extracts that have antifungal properties and are not toxic to organisms, so that they can be used for the biological control of economically important phytopathogenic fungi such as . Species of the genus are considered economically important pathogenic fungi of numerous agricultural crops, which not only cause significant losses but also produce mycotoxins that reach consumers through food.

The Promising Role of Plant-Derived Lectins in Oral Cancer Therapeutics: A Systematic Review.

Oral cancer (OC) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, marked by high morbidity and mortality rates despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Numerous novel potential anticancer drugs have been evaluated, many of which are derived from natural sources, such as microorganisms, plants, and animals. Among these, plant lectins - a distinctive group of proteins and glycoproteins with strong biological activity - have garnered considerable attention over the years.

Wood-loving magic mushrooms from Australia are saprotrophic invaders in the Northern Hemisphere.

Magic mushrooms are fungi that produce psilocybin, an entheogen with long-term cultural use and a breakthrough compound for treatment of mental health disorders. Fungal populations separated by geography are candidates for allopatric speciation, yet species connectivity typically persists because there is minimal divergence at functional parts of mating compatibility genes. We studied whether connectivity is maintained across populations of a widespread species complex of magic mushrooms that has infiltrated the Northern Hemisphere from a hypothesised centre of origin in Australasia.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .

Trees First Inhibit Then Promote Litter Decomposition in the Subarctic.

Trees affect organic matter decomposition through allocation of recently fixed carbon belowground, but the magnitude and direction of this effect may depend on substrate type and decomposition stage. Here, we followed mass loss, chemical composition and fungal colonisation of leaf and root litters incubated in mountain birch forests over 4 years, in plots where belowground carbon allocation was severed by tree girdling or in control plots. Initially, girdling stimulated leaf and root litter mass loss by 12% and 22%, respectively, suggesting competitive release of saprotrophic decomposition when tree-mediated competition by ectomycorrhizal fungi was eliminated (Gadgil effect).

The Combination of α-FeO NP and Trichoderma sp. Improves Antifungal Activity Against Fusarium Wilt.

Soil-borne plant pathogens are the most damaging pathogens responsible for severe crop damage. A conventional chemotherapy approach to these pathogens has numerous environmental issues, while biological control agents (BCAs) are less promising under field conditions. There is an immediate need to develop an integrated strategy for utilizing nanoparticles and biocontrol to manage soil-borne pathogens, such as Fusarium wilt, effectively.

A combined recombinase polymerase amplification CRISPR/Cas12a assay for detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4.

The soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) is currently devastating banana production worldwide.

Diversity in Thrips palmi: exploration of genetic and ecological heterogeneity.

Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an impactful pest in Southeast and East Asia, spread to Africa, Oceania, and the Americas in the past decades. Besides being a principal pest of vegetables, legumes, fibre, and ornamental crops, T. palmi serves as the vector for several plant viruses that cause substantial economic losses.

From Natural Product Derivative to Hexagonal Prism Supermolecule: Potent Biofilm Disintegration, Enhanced Foliar Affinity, and Effective Management of Tomato Bacterial Canker.

Clavibacter michiganensis (Cmm), designated as an A2 quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), incites bacterial canker of tomato, which presently eludes rapid and effective control methodologies. Dense biofilms formed by Cmm shield internal bacteria from host immune defenses and obstruct the ingress of agrochemicals. Even when agrochemicals disintegrate biofilms, splashing and bouncing during application disperse active ingredients away from target sites.

Influence of drought stress on phosphorus dynamics and maize growth in tropical ecosystems.

Drought has a significant impact on ecosystem functions, especially on the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus (P), which is a crucial nutrient for plant growth and productivity. Despite its importance, the effects of different drought scenarios on soil P cycling and availability remain poorly understood in previous studies. This study simulated drought conditions in tropical soils using maize as a test crop under varying field capacity (FC) levels (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%) over a 60-day pot experiment.

Protocatechuic aldehyde sensitizes BRAF-mutant melanoma cells to temozolomide through inducing FANCD2 degradation.

Temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy is a primary regimen for melanoma patients who have failed targeted therapy or immunotherapy. However, the low response rate of TMZ-based chemotherapy challenges the patients' prognosis. BRAF mutation is the most frequently mutated site in melanoma.

Ameliorating effects of antibiotic alternatives on the performance and pathological parameters of Salmonella Typhimurium infected broiler chickens.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thyme oil (TO), chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), and TO-loaded-CS-NPs on controlling Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in broiler chickens when compared to ciprofloxacin (Cip) antibiotic treatment. The CS-NPs and TO-loaded-CS-NPs were initially characterized using a transmission electron microscope.

Fatty acid desaturase 3-mediated α-linolenic acid biosynthesis in plants.

Omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of cell membranes that also serve as precursors of numerous regulatory molecules. α-linolenic acid (ALA), one of the most important ω3 FAs in plants, is synthesized in both the plastid and extraplastidial compartments. FA Desaturase (FAD) 3 is an extraplastidial enzyme that converts linoleic acid (LA) to ALA.

Copy number variations at the locus and their relationship with resistance to soybean cyst nematode ().

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, ) is a devastating pest affecting soybean production worldwide. Host resistance is one of the primary practices used to manage SCN. The locus contributes to the strong and effective SCN resistance, with resistance levels predominantly governed by copy number variations (CNVs) and, to lesser extent, sequence variations.