A Multiplex High-Resolution Melting (HRM) assay to differentiate Fusarium graminearum chemotypes.

Fusarium graminearum is a primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. The fungus produces trichothecene mycotoxins that render grain unsuitable for food, feed, or malt. Isolates of F.

Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution and Origin of Nematoda.

The phylum Nematoda represents one of the most cosmopolitan and abundant metazoan groups on Earth. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogenomic tree for phylum Nematoda. A total of 60 genomes, belonging to eight nematode orders, were newly sequenced, providing the first low-coverage genomes for the orders Dorylaimida, Mononchida, Monhysterida, Chromadorida, Triplonchida, and Enoplida.

Resistance Induced by Viral Sense, Anti-sense, and Hairpin Constructs Against Beet Curly Top Virus and Beet Curly Top Iran Virus.

Background: RNA silencing-based antiviral breeding is a promising strategy for developing virus-resistant plants.

Objectives: This study employed viral sense, anti-sense, and hairpin constructs to induce resistance against beet curly top virus (BCTV) and beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV).

Materials And Methods: For this purpose, a 120-bp conserved sequence of Rep- and C2-BCTV and a 222-bp conserved sequence of CP-, Reg-, and MP-BCTIV were selected for construct production.

Effect of leaf extract and its active components on heart muscle cell apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia.

Background: Hyperglycemia is a condition in which blood sugar levels increase excessively due to a variety of factors, one of which is the body's inability to regulate insulin properly. Diabetes closely relates to this condition, which significantly contributes to premature death and disability. Long-term diabetes treatment accompanied by a strict diet provides real results in controlling blood glucose levels but can cause side effects.

Elucidation of intragenomic variation of ribosomal DNA sequences in the enigmatic fungal genus Ceraceosorus, including a newly described species Ceraceosorus americanus.

Multicopy nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes have been used as markers for fungal identification for three decades. The rDNA sequences in a genome are thought to be homogeneous due to concerted evolution. However, intragenomic variation of rDNA sequences has recently been observed in many fungi, which may make fungal identification and species abundance estimation based on these loci problematic.

Deciphering bacterial protein functions with innovative computational methods.

Bacteria colonize every niche on Earth and play key roles in many environmental and host-associated processes. The sequencing revolution revealed the remarkable bacterial genetic and proteomic diversity and the genomic content of cultured and uncultured bacteria. However, deciphering functions of novel proteins remains a high barrier, often preventing the deep understanding of microbial life and its interaction with the surrounding environment.

PARylation facilitates the DNA damage repair of Phytophthora sojae in response to host ROS stress.

Host plants and various fungicides combat plant pathogens by triggering the release of excessive ROS, leading to DNA damage and subsequent cell death. The mechanisms by which the Phytophthora sojae mitigates ROS stress induced by plant immune responses and fungicides are not well understood. This study investigates the role of PsPARP1A-mediated poly (ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) in ROS-induced DNA damage responses (DDR).

Ameliorative effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) on testicular tissue of rats exposed to bisphenol A.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical, is an environmental toxicant widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and paints. Ganoderma lucidum (GDL) is a plant with biological activities widely used in Chinese medicine. The present study aims to determine the effects of GDL against testicular dysfunction in rats exposed to BPA.

Antibacterial potential and phytochemical analysis of two ethnomedicinally important plants.

Medicinal plants exhibited great role in drug industries. Herbal medicines and their derivative products are often prepared from crude plant extracts. and both are belonging to Asteraceae family and these plants are ethnomedicinally important due to their utilization as traditional medicine to cure various diseases.

Assigning (genus ) to Pseudoberkleasmiaceae (Dothideomycetes, Pleosporomycetidae, Pleosporales) and introducing as a novel species.

species are dematiaceous hyphomycetes that are characterised by acropleurogenous, dictyoseptate, campanulate or cheiroid, and brown to dark brown conidia that are composed of several layers of cells radiating from a protuberant basal cell, and mostly seen with appendages arising from the apical cells. The genus was introduced based on morphology to accommodate five of the six species that exhibited holoblastic conidial ontogeny. was referred to as Ascomycota genus as it was challenging to resolve its taxonomic placement based solely on the available morphological data (no DNA sequence data was previously available).

Morphological variations and adhesive distribution: a cross-species examination in conidia.

is a globally significant genus of plant pathogens known for causing anthracnose across a diverse array of hosts. Notably, is a pathogen affecting maize. Annually, the global economic impact of this pathogen reaches billions of US dollars.

ameliorates doxorubicin-induced renal injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats.

Background/aim: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent anticancer medication. However, due to nephrotoxicity, its clinical application is restricted. (AM) is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat several conditions, including kidney disorders.

Toxicity Effect of Hypnea flagelliformis Algae on Cancerous Mitochondria Obtained from Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recognized as one of the major public health problems and deadly malignancies worldwide. Today, the use of compounds of natural origin in the treatment of cancer and other diseases has been of interest to researchers. Marine compounds such as algae have anti-cancer effects.

Identification of novel candidate genes for Ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea.

Ascochyta blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta rabiei, is a major threat to chickpea production worldwide. Resistance genes with broad-spectrum protection against virulent A. rabiei strains are required to secure chickpea yield in the US Northern Great Plains.

Mycovirome of Diaporthe helianthi and D. gulyae, causal agents of Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Diaporthe gulyae and D. helianthi cause Phomopsis stem canker, which is a yield-limiting fungal disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the United States.

Unveiling root nodulation in Tribulus terrestris and Roystonea regia via metagenomics analysis.

Root nodule symbiosis is traditionally recognized in the Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales orders within the Rosid I clade of angiosperms. However, ambiguous root nodule formation has been reported in Zygophyllaceae and Roystonea regia (Arecaceae), although a detailed analysis has yet to be conducted. We aimed to perform morphological analyses of root structures in these plants and utilize metagenomic techniques to identify and characterize the bacterial populations within the nodule-like structures.

Aloe arborescens Standardized Glycosidic Fraction Suppresses Hepatocarcinoma by Modulating TIMP1, MMP9 Genes Expression, and Inflammation/Ki67/TGFβ1 Pathway.

(1) Background and aim: Aloe arborescens Mill. (A. arborescens) is one of the most widely distributed species in the genus Aloe and has garnered widespread recognition for its anticancer properties.

Seed tuber microbiome can predict growth potential of potato varieties.

Potato vigour, the growth potential of seed potatoes, is a key agronomic trait that varies significantly across production fields due to factors such as genetic background and environmental conditions. Seed tuber microbiomes are thought to influence plant health and crop performance, yet the precise relationships between microbiome composition and potato vigour remain unclear. Here we conducted microbiome sequencing on seed tuber eyes and heel ends from 6 potato varieties grown in 240 fields.

Upregulation of ACC deaminase gene in Bacillus velezensis UTB96 improved yield and shelf Life of Agaricus bisporus.

Agaricus bisporus is globally a most extensively consumed species of edible mushrooms. Ethylene secreted by A. bisporus mycelium suppress the initiation of fructification.

Viral coat proteins decrease the gene silencing activity of cognate and heterologous viral suppressors.

Plant viruses have evolved different viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to counteract RNA silencing which is a small RNA-mediated sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism. Previous studies have already shown that the coat protein (CP) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) reduced RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity of the VSR of CMV, the 2b protein. To demonstrate the universality of this CP-VSR interference, our study included three different viruses: CMV and peanut stunt virus (PSV) from the Bromoviridae, and plum pox virus (PPV) from the Potyviridae family.

Bee pollen peptides as potent tyrosinase inhibitors with anti-melanogenesis effects in murine b16f10 melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos.

One important functional food ingredient today, valued for its health properties and ability to prevent disease, is bee pollen, which comprises a combination of nectar, pollen from plants, and the secretions of bees. In this research, the tyrosinase (TYR) inhibiting abilities of the peptides derived from bee pollen protein hydrolysates are investigated. Various proteases were utilized to generate these peptides, followed by testing at different concentrations.

Standardization of an analytical technique for determination of pesticide residues in fresh and processed button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach.

An efficient modified QuEChERS procedure was established for the simultaneous determination of 37 pesticide residues in fresh and processed edible button mushroom by employing GC/ GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. The effectiveness, reliability and accuracy of the method were assessed through validation parameters such as linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, uncertainty, and matrix effect. The linearity calibration for all the selected pesticides at standard concentrations (0.

Wogonin suppresses proliferation, invasion and migration in gastric cancer cells via targeting the JAK-STAT3 pathway.

Wogonin is a compound extracted from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Geogi and has been found to exert antitumor activities in a variety of malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-gastric cancer (GC) effects of wogonin remain poorly understood. In the present study, we found that wogonin treatment inhibited the proliferation of GC cells, induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell arrest, and suppressed the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells in vitro.

Biochar reduces containerized pepper blight caused by Phytophthora Capsici.

Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici is a serious disease affecting a wide range of plants. Biochar as a soil amendment could partially replace peat moss and has the potential to suppress plant diseases, but its effects on controlling phytophthora blight of container-grown peppers have less been explored, especially in combination of biological control using Trichoderma. In vitro (petri dish) and in vivo (greenhouse) studies were conducted to test sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB) and mixed hardwood biochar (HB) controlling effects on pepper phytophthora blight disease with and without Trichoderma.

Triticum mosaic virus: An overview of biology, functional genomics, gene expression vector, and management strategies.

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV; Poacevirus tritici) is the founding member of the genus Poacevirus within the family Potyviridae. TriMV is one of the components of the wheat streak mosaic disease (WSMD) complex, an economically significant wheat disease in the Great Plains region of the USA. TriMV contains a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of 10,266 nts with an unusually long 5'-nontranslated region of 739 nts.