Role of Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G-Protein-Coupled Receptors 4-6 (LGR4-6) in the Ovary and Other Female Reproductive Organs: A Literature Review.

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors regulate stem cell activity and tissue homeostasis within female reproductive organs, primarily through their interaction with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. LGR4-6 are increasingly recognized for their roles in organ development, regeneration, and cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles of LGR4-6 in female reproductive organs, highlighting their significance in normal physiology and disease states, specifically in the context of ovarian cancer.

Severe Maternal Morbidity Associated With Chronic Hypertension, Preeclampsia, and Gestational Hypertension.

Importance: Chronic hypertension and preeclampsia are leading risk enhancers for maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality. Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) indicators include heart, kidney, and liver disease, but studies have not excluded patients with preexisting diseases that define SMM. Thus, SMM risks for uncomplicated chronic hypertension specific to preeclampsia remain unclear.

International Urogynecology Consultation Chapter 3 Committee 1 - Pessary Management.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This manuscript is part of the International Urogynecological Consultation (IUC) on Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP), Chapter 3, Committee 1 focusing on pessary management of POP.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted by an international, multi-disciplinary group of clinicians working in the field of pelvic health following a search of the literature using the MeSH terms "pelvic organ prolapse" OR "urogenital prolapse" OR "vaginal prolapse" OR "uterovaginal prolapse" AND "pessary" OR "support device" OR "intravaginal device." Relevant studies, as determined after review using the Covidence manuscript review platform, were included.

Incorporating Perineorrhaphy into the LeFort Colpocleisis: A Modified Surgical Approach.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Perineorrhaphy with levator myorrhaphy is considered a standard part of colpocleisis. Typically, this is done through a separate incision after colpocleisis is completed. We present a video to demonstrate a modified approach to LeFort colpocleisis incorporating perineorrhaphy into the procedure.

The role of D-dimer changes in predicting delivery time in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Pregnancy induces a hypercoagulable state, characterized by increased coagulation factors and decreased anticoagulants, alongside ongoing fibrinolysis marked by elevated D-dimer (DD) levels. Reference values for DD in pregnancy often exceed the non-pregnant cutoff due to these changes. Elevated DD levels are common in late pregnancy and may correlate with complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and preterm delivery, particularly in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Cancer risk in carriers of TP53 germline variants grouped into different functional categories.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by pathogenic TP53 germline variants and associated with a high lifelong cancer risk. We analysed the German LFS registry that contains data on 304 individuals. Cancer phenotypes were correlated with variants grouped according to their ability to transactivate target genes in a yeast assay using a traditional (non-functional, partially-functional) and a novel (clusters A, B, C) classification of variants into different groups.

Should Low-Risk Pregnant Patients be Screened for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

AbstractScreening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is generally not recommended due to a lack of clinical benefit and potential harm. A notable exception is the recommendation for routine screening during pregnancy. In this Tomorrow's Trial, the authors review the relevant evidence and propose a trial to address the question, "should low-risk pregnant patients be screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria?"

Identification of multicohort-based predictive signature for NMIBC recurrence reveals SDCBP as a novel oncogene in bladder cancer.

Background: Despite surgical and intravesical chemotherapy interventions, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) poses a high risk of recurrence, which significantly impacts patient survival. Traditional clinical characteristics alone are inadequate for accurately assessing the risk of NMIBC recurrence, necessitating the development of novel predictive tools.

Methods: We analyzed microarray data of NMIBC samples obtained from the ArrayExpress and GEO databases.

Live births after vaginal progesterone Cyclogest suppository versus Crinone gel for luteal phase support following cleavage and blastocyst cryopreserved embryo transfer (CET); a retrospective comparative study.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes, including pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and miscarriage rate between vaginal progesterone Cyclogest suppository and Crinone vaginal progesterone gel as LPS in frozen-thawed embryo transfer in Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) cycles.

Methods: In this comparative retrospective chart review, 283 women who had frozen-thawed embryo transfer were assessed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the route of progesterone administration used as LPS.

Analyzing free fatty acids in seminal plasma from asthenozoospermia patients undergoing antioxidant therapy.

Objective: Different aspects of the functions of free fatty acid (FFA) in seminal plasma and their implications on male fertility are known. However, the profile of FFA in seminal plasma in asthenozoospermic patients following antioxidant therapy has not been studied.

Methods: In this case-control study, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and FFA profile of the seminal plasma were determined in 80 patients (29 normozoospermic volunteers and 51 asthenozoospermic men) who were treated with antioxidants for three months.

Transumbilical robotic single-port (RSP) sacrohysteropexy: A case report and literature review.

In this study, we report a 42-year-old woman who was preoperatively diagnosed with uterine prolapse degree III. After full communication and signing the informed consent, the patient received transumbilical single-port laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy with the assistance of a robot under general anesthesia on January 11, 2024. Our hospital successfully performed the single-port robot-assisted transumbilical laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy in China, which confirms the safety and effectiveness of Jingfeng single port surgical robot system SP1000 in clinical application.

Task-sharing: Abortion care access expansion through training midwives and nurses to provide first trimester abortion in a sub-Saharan setting: A multicenter pre-post study.

Objectives: To determine the effect of training midwives and nurses on access to first trimester abortions and post-abortion family planning.

Methods: This was a pre-post study on first trimester abortion care and post-abortion contraceptive services expansion by training midwives and nurses(task-sharing) from 14 catchment health centers of St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ethiopia).

Fecal propionate is a signature of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the roles of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: The levels of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) in 83 patients with PCOS and 63 controls were measured, and their relationships with various metabolic parameters were analyzed. Intestinal microbiome analysis was conducted to identify relevant bacteria.

Comparison of X-ray and CT Images of COVID-19 Caused by the Wild-Type and Alpha-Variant SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction This study aimed to determine the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by the wild type and the alpha variant in patients. This study included patients with COVID-19 admitted to Fukui General Hospital between October 31, 2020, and April 30, 2021. Methods Pneumonia occurrence rate, chest X-ray, and computed tomography (CT) findings were evaluated by two radiologists.

Integrated transcriptomic analysis reveals dysregulated immune infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the secretory endometrium of recurrent implantation failure patients.

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a leading impediment to assisted reproductive technology, yet the underlying pathogenesis of RIF remains elusive. Recent studies have sought to uncover novel biomarkers and etiological factors of RIF by profiling transcriptomes of endometrial samples. Nonetheless, the inherent heterogeneity among published studies and a scarcity of experimental validations hinder the identification of robust markers of RIF.

Follicular fluid-derived exosomes rejuvenate ovarian aging through miR-320a-3p-mediated FOXQ1 inhibition.

Ovarian aging is mainly characterized by a progressive decline in oocyte quantity and quality, which ultimately leads to female infertility. Various therapies have been established to cope with ovarian aging, among which exosome-based therapy is considered a promising strategy that can benefit ovarian functions via multiple pathways. Here, we isolated and characterized exosomes derived from ovarian follicular fluid and profiled the differential expression patterns of noncoding exosomal RNAs in young and aged women.

Myoepithelioma-Like Tumor of the Vulva.

Myoepithelioma-like tumor of the vulvar region (MELTVR) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that typically arises in the female vulva. Here, we report a case of a 48-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of subcutaneous mass in the vulvar region. As the mass rapidly increased in the last 2 months, personal slight swelling pain appeared.

Preterm Labor and Hypertensive Disorders in Adolescent Pregnancies With Diabetes Between 2006 and 2019.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the risk of preterm labor and hypertensive disorders in adolescent pregnancies with and without diabetes.

Methods: We evaluated 1,843,139 adolescents (≤20 years old) with labor and delivery admissions in the national Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) in years 2006, 2009, 2012, 2016, and 2019. International classification of disease codes was used to identify diabetes and medical factors affecting pregnancy.

Case report of recurrent vasa previa.

Introduction: Vasa previa is a complication of pregnancy, which affects approximately 1:1200 pregnancies, and when undiagnosed prenatally, it can be associated with significant perinatal mortality. This condition is thought to be a sporadic entity without known genetic or familial associations and thus considered to carry a negligible recurrence risk.

Key Findings: We present a case of a 42-year-old gravida 3 para 2 diagnosed on transvaginal ultrasound with a vasa previa at 34 weeks associated with vaginal bleeding, which required an urgent caesarean in a prior spontaneous pregnancy.

Ovarian cancer risk reduction by salpingectomy during non-gynaecological surgery: scoping review.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynaecological cancers. The identification of the fallopian tube epithelium as the origin of most ovarian cancers introduces a novel prevention strategy by removing the fallopian tubes during an already indicated abdominal surgery for another reason, also known as an opportunistic salpingectomy. This preventive opportunity is evidence based, recommended and established at the time of gynaecologic surgery in many countries worldwide.

Food supply toxicants and additives alter the gut microbiota and risk of metabolic disease.

Metabolic disease is rising along with both global industrialization and the use of new commercial, agricultural, and industrial chemicals and food additives. Exposure to these compounds may contribute to aspects of metabolic disease such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Ingesting compounds in the food supply is a key route of human exposure, resulting in the interaction between toxicants or additives and the intestinal microbiota.

Genetic Mediators of Celiac Disease and Premature Ovarian Failure: Hypothyroidism and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Background: Observational studies suggested celiac disease (CD) possibly be a risk factor for premature ovarian failure (POF). However, causality remains unclear. And hypothyroidism and systemic lupus erythematosus may be the mediating factors.

The fungal microbiota modulate neonatal oxygen-induced lung injury.

Background: The immature lungs of very preterm infants are exposed to supraphysiologic oxygen, contributing to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that is the most common morbidity of prematurity. While the microbiota significantly influences neonatal health, the relationship between the intestinal microbiome, particularly micro-eukaryotic members such as fungi and yeast, and lung injury severity in newborns remains unknown.

Results: Here, we show that the fungal microbiota modulates hyperoxia-induced lung injury severity in very low birth weight premature infants and preclinical pseudohumanized and altered fungal colonization mouse models.