Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of first-line early combination of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: A modelling study.

Aims: Early dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and metformin (DPP4i-Met) combination has been shown to extend the time to treatment failure and provide better glycaemic control for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients; however, the long-term clinical and economic outcomes of early DPP4i-Met combination remain unknown. We seek to assess the comparative long-term clinical and cost-effectiveness of DPP4i-Met versus Met for treatment-naïve T2D patients with inadequately controlled HbA1c (i.e.

Subjective sleep quality, but not objective sleep measures, mediates the relationship between pre-sleep worrying and affective wellbeing.

Pre-sleep worrying is associated with sleep disturbance, which in turn is associated with impaired affective wellbeing. However, studies examining the fine-grained temporal order of these variables are still lacking. In particular, within-person mediation of the association between pre-sleep worrying and the following day's affective wellbeing by subjective and objective indicators of sleep has not been tested yet.

Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Enteral Feeding Intolerance in Critical Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Aim: To construct and validate a prediction model for enteral feeding intolerance in critically ill patients during the first 7 days of enteral feeding.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of two intensive care units from January 2015 to August 2023, to develop a prediction model by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis.

Association between dairy product intake and prevalence of dental caries in 3-year-old Japanese children.

Objectives: Epidemiologic evidence on the association between intake of milk and dairy products and dental caries is limited, particularly in Asia. This cross-sectional study examined the association between the consumption of milk and dairy products and dental caries among Japanese children aged 3 years.

Methods: The study subjects were 6221 children.

The Effect of Cryopreservation on the Bone Healing Capacity of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in a Bone Defect Model.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have proven to be a highly effective cell therapy for critical-sized bone defects. Cryopreservation can enable long-term storage of EPCs, allowing their immediate availability on demand. This study compares the therapeutic potential of EPCs before and after cryopreservation in a small animal critical-sized bone defect model.

Heart-derived factors and organ cross-talk in settings of health and disease: new knowledge and clinical opportunities for multimorbidity.

Cardiovascular disease affects millions of people worldwide and often presents with other conditions including metabolic, renal and neurological disorders. A variety of secreted factors from multiple organs/tissues (proteins, nucleic acids and lipids) have been implicated in facilitating organ cross-talk that may contribute to the development of multimorbidity. Secreted proteins have received the most attention, with the greatest body of research related to factors released from adipose tissue (adipokines), followed by skeletal muscle (myokines).

Re-emergence of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in Egypt: Predicting distribution shifts under climate changes.

Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of several medically significant arboviruses-including dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika-was successfully eradicated from Egypt in 1963. However, since 2011, there have been increasing reports of its re-emergence, alongside dengue outbreaks in southern Egyptian governorates, raising significant public health concerns. This study aimed to model the current and future distribution of Ae.

Behavioral mechanisms of oxycodone's effects in female and male rats: II. Reinforcement magnitude and implications for impulsive/risky choice.

Rats responded under a concurrent-chains procedure wherein reinforcement magnitude was varied within sessions and oxycodone's effects on sensitivity to magnitude were evaluated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the alternative providing the larger magnitude was signaled and effects of acute (0.1-1.

Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treating COVID-19-Related Anosmia, Hyposmia, and Parosmia: A Controlled Longitudinal Study.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection into the olfactory clefts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with persistent anosmia, hyposmia, and parosmia.

Study Design: Controlled study.

Setting: Multicenter study.

Objective assessment of acute pain in foals using a facial expression-based pain scale.

Background: Pain assessment based on facial expressions has been described in foals.

Objectives: To extend previous pilot findings of the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain in Foals (EQUUS-FAP FOAL).

Study Design: Prospective blinded case-control study (known groups analysis).

Evaluation of plasma alpha-1-antichymotrypsin as a marker for pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma.

Individuals with AIDS and Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) with pulmonary involvement have high-risk of poor outcomes but diagnosis of pulmonary KS in low-resource settings is difficult. We aimed to discover plasma proteins that distinguish individuals with pulmonary KS from those without pulmonary involvement. SomaScan proteomics screen measured 7288 plasma proteins in 22 cases and 17 controls selected from 181 participants with HIV-1 and cutaneous KS who underwent bronchoscopy.

Clinical practice and outcomes in European pediatric cardiac anesthesia: A secondary analysis of the APRICOT and NECTARINE studies.

Background: Despite advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative care, pediatric cardiac patients remain at an increased risk of adverse events. The APRICOT (2017) study aimed to establish the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing anesthesia in Europe, while the NECTARINE (2021) study aimed to assess anesthesia practices and outcomes in neonates and infants under 60 weeks postconceptual age. Our goal was to conduct a secondary analysis of the cardiac cohorts from these two studies to determine mortality rates and other outcomes after cardiac procedures at 30 and 90 days, identify factors influencing mortality, illustrate clinical practices, and assess the methodology of the two studies.

Perceptions of eHealth and digitalization among professional anaesthesia personnel: A Swedish national study.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate anaesthesia care professionals' perceptions and attitudes regarding the implementation and advancement of digital solutions in perioperative care.

Methods: Anaesthesia personnel working in public Swedish institutions where anaesthesia is administered were invited to respond to an online survey regarding their attitudes towards digitalization in the workplace and their perceptions of information provision and future digitalization within anaesthesia and surgical healthcare. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis tests, and post-hoc pairwise comparisons.

Hierarchical loop formation in human midgut during physiological umbilical herniation.

This study aimed to describe the morphological alterations that occur in the midgut and mesentery over time during the herniated phase of the midgut. The primary loop, a single hairpin-shaped loop, becomes recognizable at Carnegie stage (CS) 16. This loop projects toward the umbilical cord and subsequently gives rise to four secondary loops in the midgut of human embryos.

Prevalence and Determinants of Sarcopenia Among Older Adults in India: Insights From the Longitudinal Aging Study in India.

Background: Sarcopenia, characterized by declining muscle mass and function, is a growing concern among India's aging population. This study investigates sarcopenia's prevalence and determinants using the nationally representative LASI dataset.

Methods: This analysis included 26,780 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above, with informed consent obtained from all participants.

Sedentary behavior modified the association between depression and risk of all-cause deaths in hypertensive population.

Objective: The pathogenic mechanism of depression involves chronic inflammation, which can be affected by sedentary behavior. This study aimed to determine whether sedentary behavior modified the association between depression and risk of death in the hypertensive population.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018) was analyzed.

Body composition alterations in patients with lung cancer.

Most patients with lung cancer experience cancer cachexia (CC), a syndrome of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue wasting. Knowledge of body composition changes in patients is limited, however, because most studies have been cross-sectional, comparing patients with non-cancer controls or patients with and without CC. Few studies, in contrast, have evaluated body composition in patients with lung cancer over time.

MC16 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and ameliorates acute and diabetic nephropathy.

Background And Purpose: Kidney disease (KD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, affecting 〉10% of the global population. Two of the most common causes of KD are diabetes and acute kidney injury (AKI), both of which induce mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in renal proximal tubular damage/necrosis. Thus, pharmacological induction of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) may provide a therapeutic strategy to block the onset/progression of KD.

Progranulin Plays a Protective Role in Pneumococcal Meningitis by Inhibiting Pyroptosis.

Objective: Pneumococcal meningitis is a serious infectious disease with a high mortality rate and a global presence, and survivors have different degrees of neurological sequelae as a consequence of the host response to the infection. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional autocrine growth factor that is also a major immunoregulator. We want to investigate the role for PGRN in Pneumococcal meningitis in vivo and in vitro.

A Perspective on Lung Cancer and Lung Microbiome: Insight on Immunity.

Background: Although the carcinogenic potential of microbes has long been recognized, their significance may have been underestimated. Currently, the connection between microbiota and cancer is under extensive research. The lung microbiota may serve as a proxy for the state of lung health based on its crucial role in preserving lung hemostasis.

Healthcare use is elevated two decades before a first demyelinating event and differs by age and sex.

Objective: Elevated healthcare use before multiple sclerosis (MS) onset suggests earlier opportunity to identify MS. Yet their timing and sociodemographic effects are unclear. We examined rates of healthcare use (and by age/sex) for >two decades pre-MS onset.

Maladaptive Peripheral Ketogenesis in Schwann Cells Mediated by CBR Contributes to Diabetic Neuropathy.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes. Although studies have previously investigated metabolic disruptions in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the exact metabolic mechanisms underlying DPN remain largely unknown. Herein, a specific form of metabolic remodeling involving aberrant ketogenesis within Schwann cells (SCs) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetes mellitus is identified.

Genetic Variants of the IL-23/IL-17 Axis and Its Association With Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: The objective of this systematic review was to identify genetic variants of the IL-23, IL-17, IL-23R and IL-17R genes and isoforms and its possible association with increased development of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

Methods: A systematic review was prepared according to the guidelines, registered in the OSF database with the registration number: 10.17605/OSF.

Structural Insights into the Substrate Recognition of Ginsenoside Glycosyltransferase Pq3-O-UGT2.

Ginsenosides are a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids with promising health benefits, consisting of ginseng aglycone attached to various glycans. Pq3-O-UGT2, an important UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT), catalyzes the production of Ginsenoside Rg3 and Rd by extending the glycan chain of Ginsenoside Rh2 and F2, respectively, with higher selectivity for F2. However, the mechanism underlying its substrate recognition remains unclear.