In silico protein structural analysis of PRMT5 and RUVBL1 mutations arising in human cancers.

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) can be generated spontaneously during DNA replication and are repaired primarily by Homologous Recombination (HR). However, efficient repair requires chromatin remodeling to allow the recombination machinery access to the break. TIP60 is a complex conserved from yeast to humans that is required for histone acetylation and modulation of HR activity at DSBs.

Polyphenol production and gene expression in sage shoot cultures exposed to light-emitting diodes.

Sages and their beneficial secondary metabolites have been used in conventional and traditional medicine in many countries, and are extensively studied for their health effects. However, to achieve high production levels, it is crucial to optimize the cultivation conditions. The aim of our study was to determine the optimal light-emitting diode (LED) treatment strategy for promoting plant growth and polyphenol biosynthesis in S.

Tracing microplastics in environmental sources and migratory shorebirds along the Central Asian Flyway.

Microplastic pollution poses a significant threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Despite its widespread occurrence, knowledge on the prevalence and fate of microplastics across food webs is limited. To bridge this gap, we conducted an extensive study on microplastic contamination in mudflats, mangroves, and sand beaches being key habitats for wintering shorebirds on the west coast of India.

Goose multi-omics database: A comprehensive multi-omics database for goose genomics.

Multi-omics has helped elucidate the gene expression patterns and genomic variations closely associated with economically significant traits in geese. Despite the substantial genomic data generated through extensive goose studies, a unified platform for integrating these datasets is lacking. To address this gap, we introduced the Goose Multi-omics Database (GMD), which is accessible at http://goosedb.

MCC950 mitigates SIRT3-NLRP3-driven inflammation and rescues post-stroke neurogenesis.

Sustained activation of the SIRT3-NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with worse outcomes after ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to examine the potential mechanism by which the SIRT3-NLRP3 inflammasome affects neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats. Following tMCAO, significantly elevated levels of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were observed in the ischemic subventricular zone.

A case-control genome-wide association study of estimated breeding values for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in two local dairy sheep breeds.

In sheep, gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) can cause disease, reduced feed intake, and nutritional deficiencies. To counteract GINs, anthelmintics are widely used although it is well known they may enter the environment impacting ecosystems. In addition, anthelmintics resistance has rapidly developed and consequently, alternative approaches are crucial for profitable and sustainable sheep production.

Review: A systematic review of dairy cow health, welfare, and behaviour in year-round loose range housing.

This systematic review compares the health, welfare, and behaviour of dairy cows in year-round loose housing systems against those kept in other housing systems in temperate regions. Year-round loose housing systems comprised housing where dairy cows had no access to the outdoors or only had access to a yard, pen or run. The comparator housing systems also comprised housing with and without outdoor access (including grazing).

Machine learning for synthetic gene circuit engineering.

Synthetic biology leverages engineering principles to program biology with new functions for applications in medicine, energy, food, and the environment. A central aspect of synthetic biology is the creation of synthetic gene circuits - engineered biological circuits capable of performing operations, detecting signals, and regulating cellular functions. Their development involves large design spaces with intricate interactions among circuit components and the host cellular machinery.

Investigating the role and mechanisms of bisphenol compounds in premature ovarian insufficiency using computational biology and bioinformatics.

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency refers to the premature decline in ovarian function before the age of 40, resulting in menstrual irregularities or complete cessation of menstruation, and affecting fertility. Widely used bisphenol compounds may have potential health effects, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This study employs computational biology and bioinformatics to investigate the effects of bisphenols (BPs) on POI.

Towards circularity for agro-waste: Minimal soil hazards of olive pomace bioconverted frass by insect larvae as an organic fertilizer.

As global populations escalate and the demand for food and feed intensifies, the generation of agri-food waste is becoming an increasingly critical issue. Addressing this challenge is crucial for optimizing food production and advancing sustainable waste management practices. In this context, insects, including the Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens), present opportunities for circularity through the bioconversion of organic waste.

Oncohistone-sculpted epigenetic mechanisms in pediatric brain cancer.

Chromatin dynamics, involving reversible changes in chromatin structure, shape key cellular processes and genomic integrity during development and proliferation, with disruptions leading to cancer. Histones, core components of chromatin and substrates for chromatin-modifying enzymes, play crucial roles in oncogenesis when misregulated or mutated. This is particularly pronounced in pediatric hind brain cancers, some of which are driven primarily by the oncohistone H3K27M and the recently identified oncohistone-mimic protein CXorf67/EZHIP.

Population-level impact of COVID-19 on thyroid function tests: Results from a repeated cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Reports have highlighted thyroid abnormalities, including subacute thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis, in COVID-19 patients, with a potential link between thyroid dysfunction and disease severity. However, population-level studies on COVID-19's impact on thyroid hormone levels are limited. We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on thyroid function tests at the population level.

Differential effects of warming on carbon budget, photosynthetic yield and biochemical composition of cold-temperate and Arctic isolates of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae).

Cold-temperate and Arctic hard bottom coastal ecosystems are dominated by kelp forests, which have a high biomass production and provide important ecosystem services, but are subject to change due to ocean warming. However, the photophysiological response to increasing temperature of ecologically relevant species, such as Laminaria digitata, might depend on the local thermal environment where the population has developed. Therefore, the effects of temperature on growth rate, biochemical composition, maximum quantum yield, photosynthetic quotient and carbon budget of young cultured sporophytes of Laminaria digitata from the Arctic at Spitsbergen (SPT; cultured at 4, 10 and 16 °C) and from the cold-temperate North Sea island of Helgoland (HLG; cultured at 10, 16 and 22 °C) were comparatively analyzed.

Web Visualization for Spatiotemporal Genomic Epidemiology, Annotation, and Mutation Dynamics of Orthohantavirus hantanense Using Nextstrain.

The phylogeographic inference approach aims to connect genomic data with epidemiology to understand the spread and evolution of pathogens using visualization of spatiotemporal reconstructions. Orthohantavirus hantanense (HTNV), the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), represents a significant global public health concern. Here, we introduce a localized Nextstrain platform for HTNV, offering a comprehensive resource for facilitating spatiotemporal genomic surveillance and the study of evolutionary dynamics of viral genomes.

Rehabilomics Strategies Enabled by Cloud-Based Rehabilitation: Scoping Review.

Background: Rehabilomics, or the integration of rehabilitation with genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other "-omics" fields, aims to promote personalized approaches to rehabilitation care. Cloud-based rehabilitation offers streamlined patient data management and sharing and could potentially play a significant role in advancing rehabilomics research. This study explored the current status and potential benefits of implementing rehabilomics strategies through cloud-based rehabilitation.

Lineage tracing studies suggest that the placenta is not a de novo source of hematopoietic stem cells.

Definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from a small number of hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) within the developing embryo. Understanding the origin and ontogeny of HSPCs is of considerable interest and potential therapeutic value. It has been proposed that the murine placenta contains HECs that differentiate into HSPCs.

Evidence that flocking behavior is rewarded by singing, flock mates, and mu opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens.

It has been proposed that social groups are maintained both by reward resulting from positive social interactions and by the reduction of a negative state that would otherwise be caused by social separation. European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, develop strong conditioned place preferences for places associated with the production of song in flocks outside the breeding season (gregarious song) and singers are motivated to rejoin the flock following removal. This indicates that the act of singing in flocks is associated with a positive affective state and raises the possibility that reward induced by song in flocks may play a role in flock maintenance.

Cross-species comparison of AlphaFold-derived G protein-coupled receptor structures reveals novel melatonin-related receptor in Neurospora crassa.

Melatonin, a molecule with diverse biological functions, is ubiquitously present in living organisms. There is significant interest in understanding melatonin signal transduction pathways in humans, particularly due to its critical role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. However, a knowledge gap remains in fully elucidating the mechanisms by which melatonin influences circadian regulation.

Comparison of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and molybdenum blue colorimetry for total phosphorus determination in freshwater invertebrates.

Molybdenum blue colorimetry (MBC) is the dominant, well-established method used for determining total P in environmental media, including in organismal tissues. However, other elemental methods for P determination are available, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Given the extensive literature using MBC to determine P in organismal samples, it is important to assess P analyses by ICP-MS and MBC to ensure that the two methods produce comparable data.

Characterizing temporal and global host innate immune responses against SARS-CoV-1 and -2 infection in pathologically relevant human lung epithelial cells.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1) and -2 (SARS-CoV-2) are beta-coronaviruses (β-CoVs) that have caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, a better understanding of host responses to β-CoVs would provide insights into the pathogenesis of these viruses to identify potential targets for medical countermeasures. In this study, our objective is to use a systems biology approach to explore the magnitude and scope of innate immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-1 and -2 infection over time in pathologically relevant human lung epithelial cells (Calu-3/2B4 cells).

Deciphering the dose-dependent effects of thymoquinone on cellular proliferation and transcriptomic changes in A172 glioblastoma cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor in adults, exhibits a dismal 6.9% five-year survival rate post-diagnosis. Thymoquinone (TQ), the most abundant bioactive compound in Nigella sativa, has been extensively researched for its anticancer properties across various human cancers.

Endogenous LRRK2 and PINK1 function in a convergent neuroprotective ciliogenesis pathway in the brain.

Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are associated with familial Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 phosphorylates Rab guanosine triphosphatase (GTPases) within the Switch II domain while PINK1 directly phosphorylates Parkin and ubiquitin (Ub) and indirectly induces phosphorylation of a subset of Rab GTPases. Herein we have crossed LRRK2 [R1441C] mutant knock-in mice with PINK1 knock-out (KO) mice and report that loss of PINK1 does not impact endogenous LRRK2-mediated Rab phosphorylation nor do we see significant effect of mutant LRRK2 on PINK1-mediated Rab and Ub phosphorylation.

Neomorphic leukemia-derived mutations in the TET2 enzyme induce genome instability via a substrate shift from 5-methylcytosine to thymine.

Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosine (mC) in DNA, contributing to the regulation of gene transcription. Diverse mutations of TET2 are frequently found in various blood cancers, yet the full scope of their functional consequences has been unexplored. Here, we report that a subset of TET2 mutations identified in leukemia patients alter the substrate specificity of TET2 from acting on mC to thymine.