Profiling Exosomal Metabolomics as a Means for Diagnosis and Researching Early-Stage Hypertensive Nephropathy.

Hypertension (HT) is a prevalent medical condition showing an increasing incidence rate in various populations over recent years. Long-term hypertension increases the risk of the occurrence of hypertensive nephropathy (HTN), which is also a health-threatening disorder. Given that very little is known about the pathogenesis of HTN, this study was designed to identify disease biomarkers, which enable early diagnosis of the disease, through the utilization of high-throughput untargeted metabolomics strategies.

The Line of Emotion Dysregulation and Need Frustration from Parents to Adolescents: The Role of Parental Psychological Control.

Accumulating evidence, as outlined by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), highlights the crucial role of emotion dysregulation and basic psychological needs in shaping various psychological outcomes. Parental psychological control may play a key role in understanding how these processes develop within the family context. This study aims to examine the intergenerational transmission of basic psychological needs and emotion dysregulation from parents to adolescents, focusing on the indirect association of parental psychological control within this relationship.

Genetic and species rearrangements in microbial consortia impact biodegradation potential.

Genomic reorganisation between species and horizontal gene transfer have been considered the most important mechanism of biological adaptation under selective pressure. Still, the impact of mobile genes in microbial ecology is far from being completely understood. Here we present the collection and characterisation of microbial consortia enriched from environments contaminated with emerging pollutants, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Toward effective oxytocin interventions in autism: Overcoming challenges and harnessing opportunities.

Intranasal administration of oxytocin is emerging as a potential pharmacological option for mitigating social difficulties and regulating stress in autism spectrum disorder. However, initial single-dose and multiple-dose trials showed mixed results, with some demonstrating improvements in social and repetitive behavior and others showing no benefit over placebo. This perspective aims to elucidate factors contributing to this variability and to highlight pitfalls and opportunities in the field.

Neurotropic Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Alpine Chamois (), Austria, 2017, Italy, 2023.

The European subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV-Eur; species , family ) was the only tick-borne flavivirus present in central Europe known to cause neurologic disease in humans and several animal species. Here, we report a tick-borne flavivirus isolated from Alpine chamois () with encephalitis and attached ticks, present over a wide area in the Alps. Cases were detected in 2017 in Salzburg, Austria, and 2023 in Lombardy and Piedmont, Italy.

Phage M198 and Its Therapeutic Potential.

The rapid worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance is quickly becoming an increasingly concerning problem for human healthcare. Non-antibiotic antibacterial agents are in high demand for many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including . -targeting phages are among the most promising alternative therapy options.

Expanding the Diversity of : A Novel Genus from .

Six novel phages belonging to the family were isolated using as a host. Phages MuffinTheCat, Badulia, DesireeRose, Bee17, SCoupsA, and LuzDeMundo were purified from environmental samples by students participating in the Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) program at Alliance University, New York. The phages have linear dsDNA genomes 15,438-15,636 bp with 112-120 bp inverted terminal repeats.

Egyptian Novel Goose Parvovirus in Immune Organs of Naturally Infected Ducks: Next-Generation Sequencing, Immunohistochemical Signals, and Comparative Analysis of Pathological Changes Using Multiple Correspondence and Hierarchical Clustering Approach.

The present study aims to better understand the nature of currently circulating GPV strains and their pathological impact on the immune system during natural outbreaks among different duck breeds in Egypt. For this purpose, 99 ducks (25 flocks) of different breeds, aged 14-75 days, were clinically examined, and 75 tissue pools from the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen were submitted for virus detection and identification. Clinical and postmortem findings were suggestive of GPV infection.

Are You My Host? An Overview of Methods Used to Link Bacteriophages with Hosts.

Until recently, the only methods for finding out if a particular strain or species of bacteria could be a host for a particular bacteriophage was to see if the bacteriophage could infect that bacterium and kill it, releasing progeny phages. Establishing the host range of a bacteriophage thus meant infecting many different bacteria and seeing if the phage could kill each one. Detection of bacterial killing can be achieved on solid media (plaques, spots) or broth (culture clearing).

Two Years of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Genomic Evolution in Brazil (2022-2024): Subvariant Tracking and Assessment of Regional Sequencing Efforts.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has undergone significant genetic evolution since its emergence in 2019. This study examines the genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil after the worst phase of the pandemic, the wider adoption of routine vaccination, and the abolishment of other non-pharmacological preventive measures from July 2022 to July 2024 using 55,951 sequences retrieved from the GISAID database. The analysis focuses on the correlation between confirmed COVID-19 cases, sequencing efforts across Brazilian states, and the distribution and evolution of viral lineages.

Comparative Adsorption of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strains to Minnesota Soils.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an endemic disease affecting the swine industry. The disease is caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV). Despite extensive biosecurity and control measures, the persistence and seasonality of the virus have raised questions about the virus's environmental dynamics during the fall season when the yearly epidemic onset begins and when crop harvesting and manure incorporation into the field occur.

The Genes of Nigerian Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) Field Isolates Contain Mutations Common to Both European and US High Virulence Strains.

Background: Marek's disease (MD) is a pathology affecting chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an acute transforming alphaherpesvirus of the genus . MD is characterized by paralysis, immune suppression, and the rapid formation of T-cell (primarily CD4+) lymphomas. Over the last 50 years, losses due to MDV infection have been controlled worldwide through vaccination; however, these live-attenuated vaccines are non-sterilizing and potentially contributed to the virulence evolution of MDV field strains.

A Review of the Utility of Established Cell Lines for Isolation and Propagation of the Southern African Territories Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus.

Cell culture underpins virus isolation and virus neutralisation tests, which are both gold-standard diagnostic methods for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Cell culture is also crucial for the propagation of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines. Both primary cells and cell lines are utilised in FMDV isolation and propagation.

Activity of Various Cathepsin Proteases and Enrichment of Klotho Protein in the Urine and Urinary Extracellular Vesicles After SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for causing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. While mutations cause the emergence of new variants, the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain is unique among other strains. Various clinical parameters, the activity of cathepsin proteases, and the concentration of various proteins were measured in urine samples from COVID-19-negative participants and COVID-19-positive participants.

Effect of Fusion to the LTB Carrier Protein on Coronavirus Spike Protein Vaccine Candidates Produced in Maize.

Coronaviruses continue to disrupt health and economic productivity worldwide. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a devastating swine disease and SARS-CoV-2 is the latest coronavirus to infect the human population. Both viruses display a similar spike protein on the surface that is a target of vaccine development.

Analysis of MLKL, RIP1 and RIP3 Immunostaining Markers in Human Liver Tissue from Fatal Yellow Fever Cases: Insights into Necroptosis.

Necroptosis is a regulated form of cell death implicated in several pathological conditions, including viral infections. In this study, we investigated the expression and correlation of necroptosis markers MLKL, RIP1 and RIP3 in human liver tissue from fatal cases of yellow fever (YF) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The liver samples were obtained from 21 YF-positive individuals and five flavivirus-negative controls with preserved liver parenchymal architecture.

Rab21-Targeted Nano Drug Delivery System-Based FFPG for Efficient Paclitaxel Delivery to Inhibit Lung Cancer Progression.

: (PG) has been widely researched as a conductant drug for the treatment of lung diseases by ancient and modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners. Inspired by the mechanism and our previous finding about fructans and fructooligosaccharides from (FFPG), we developed a nano drug delivery system (NDDS) targeting lung cancer. The aim was to improve the efficiency of the liposomal delivery of Paclitaxel (PTX) and enhance the anti-tumor efficacy.

3D-Printed Tablets of Nifurtimox: In Vitro and In Vivo Anti- Studies.

: Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with the parasite . Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the only approved drugs for treating this condition, but their low aqueous solubility may lead to erratic bioavailability. This work aimed for the first time to formulate tablets of nifurtimox by hot melt extrusion coupled with 3D printing as a strategy to increase drug dissolution and the production of tablets with dosage on demand.

Ashwagandha: Optimizing the Extraction and Electrospun Nanofiber Production.

This study explores the development of electrospun nanofibers incorporating bioactive compounds from (Ashwagandha) root extract, focusing on optimizing extraction conditions and nanofiber composition to maximize biological activity and application potential. Using the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach, optimal extraction parameters were identified as 80% methanol, 70 °C, and 60 min, yielding high levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Methanol concentration emerged as the critical factor influencing phytochemical properties.

Emerging Pharmacological Interventions for Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy, Safety, and Therapeutic Advances.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a progressive vascular condition characterized by venous hypertension and chronic inflammation, leading to significant clinical and socioeconomic impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of emerging pharmacological interventions for CVI, focusing on clinical outcomes such as pain, edema, cutaneous blood flow, and quality of life. Eligible interventions comprised new vasoprotective drugs, such as hydroxyethylrutoside, Pycnogenol, aminaphthone, coumarin + troxerutin, and Venoruton, compared to the standard therapy of diosmin and hesperidin.

Plant Resin Delivery by Nanovectors as an Emerging Approach to Boost Solubility, Permeability and Bioavailability.

Resins are complex mixtures of natural constituents containing non-volatile and volatile terpenes, in combination with gums and polyphenols, used since ancient times for their medicinal properties. Current research has evidenced their therapeutic value with a plethora of activities. The main limits of resins and their constituents for their clinical use are low water solubility, poor stability and bioavailability.

Innovative Lipid Nanoparticles Co-Delivering Hydroxychloroquine and siRNA for Enhanced Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint damage. Despite advancements in treatment, complete remission remains elusive. In this study, we introduce a novel lipid nanoparticle formulation co-delivering hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and siRNA targeting TNF-α (si) using microfluidic technology, marking the first use of such a combination for RA therapy.

Tenascin C-Guided Nanosystem for Precision Delivery of Obeticholic Acid in Liver Fibrosis Therapy.

Liver fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic liver diseases, is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and scar tissue formation. Current antifibrotic nanomedicines face significant limitations, including poor penetration into fibrotic tissue, rapid clearance, and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. The dense fibrotic ECM acts as a major physiological barrier, necessitating the development of a targeted delivery strategy to achieve effective therapeutic outcomes.

The Application of Resolvin D1-Loaded Gelatin Methacrylate in a Rat Periodontitis Model.

To evaluate the drug release, cytocompatibility with periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), and therapeutic efficacy of GelMA hydrogel loaded with resolvin D1 (RvD1) in treating rat periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone damage. An RvD1 complexed with GelMA was prepared, and its release kinetics and compatibility with PDLCs were assessed. Rats with induced periodontitis were treated weekly with topical applications of vehicle, GelMA, RvD1, or RvD1 complexed with GelMA for four weeks.

The Frequency of c.557A>G in the Dominican Population and Its Association with African Ancestry.

Genetic polymorphism of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene () is responsible for the variability found in the metabolism of fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine, or tegafur. The genotype is linked to variability in enzyme activity, 5-FU elimination, and toxicity. Approximately 10-40% of patients treated with fluoropyrimidines develop severe toxicity.