Differential effects of warming on carbon budget, photosynthetic yield and biochemical composition of cold-temperate and Arctic isolates of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae).

Cold-temperate and Arctic hard bottom coastal ecosystems are dominated by kelp forests, which have a high biomass production and provide important ecosystem services, but are subject to change due to ocean warming. However, the photophysiological response to increasing temperature of ecologically relevant species, such as Laminaria digitata, might depend on the local thermal environment where the population has developed. Therefore, the effects of temperature on growth rate, biochemical composition, maximum quantum yield, photosynthetic quotient and carbon budget of young cultured sporophytes of Laminaria digitata from the Arctic at Spitsbergen (SPT; cultured at 4, 10 and 16 °C) and from the cold-temperate North Sea island of Helgoland (HLG; cultured at 10, 16 and 22 °C) were comparatively analyzed.

Rehabilomics Strategies Enabled by Cloud-Based Rehabilitation: Scoping Review.

Background: Rehabilomics, or the integration of rehabilitation with genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other "-omics" fields, aims to promote personalized approaches to rehabilitation care. Cloud-based rehabilitation offers streamlined patient data management and sharing and could potentially play a significant role in advancing rehabilomics research. This study explored the current status and potential benefits of implementing rehabilomics strategies through cloud-based rehabilitation.

Contaminant-Associated Disruption of the Skin Transcriptome in the Endangered St. Lawrence Estuary Beluga.

The St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) beluga () population in Canada is Endangered, and endocrine disrupting contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and other halogenated flame retardants, have been identified as a threat to the recovery of this population. Here, potential impacts of these contaminants on SLE beluga were evaluated by comparing skin transcriptome profiles and biological pathways between this population and a population less exposed to contaminants (Eastern Beaufort Sea) used as a reference.

Aculeapyridones A-Q, Pyranopyridone Alkaloids with Protective Effects against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury Discovered from a Coculture of WHUF0198 and a sp.

In the search for novel natural products with hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, the marine-derived fungus WHUF0198 was investigated. Seventeen undescribed pyranopyridone alkaloids, aculeapyridones A-Q (-), were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation of an extract obtained by coculture of the WHUF0198 with the mangrove-associated fungus sp. DM27.

Innovative Applications of Bacteria and Their Derivatives in Targeted Tumor Therapy.

Despite significant progress in cancer treatment, traditional therapies still face considerable challenges, including poor targeting, severe toxic side effects, and the development of resistance. Recent advances in biotechnology have revealed the potential of bacteria and their derivatives as drug delivery systems for tumor therapy by leveraging their biological properties. Engineered bacteria, including , , and , along with their derivatives─outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), bacterial ghosts (BGs), and bacterial spores (BSPs)─can be loaded with a variety of antitumor agents, enabling precise targeting and sustained drug release within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Pre-pandemic leukocyte count is associated with severity of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection among older women in the Women's Health Initiative.

Objective: Although dysregulated inflammation has been postulated as a biological mechanism associated with post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) and shown to be a correlate and an outcome of PASC, it is unclear whether inflammatory markers can prospectively predict PASC risk. We examined the association of leukocyte count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations, measured ~25 years prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with PASC, PASC severity, and PASC-associated cognitive outcomes at follow-up among postmenopausal women.

Methods: Using biomarker data from blood specimens collected during pre-pandemic enrollment (1993-1998) and data on 1,237 Women's Health Initiative participants who completed a COVID-19 survey between June 2021 and February 2022, we constructed multivariable regression models that controlled for pertinent characteristics.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of SOX-10 in patients with urinary bladder cancer.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the expression levels of SOX-10 in tissues of bladder tumor and to prove the correlation between SOX-10 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of bladder tumors, including patient age, sex, tumor grade, and muscle invasion.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: Forty formalin fixed paraffin embedded FFPE tissue blocks gathered by transurethral resection of bladder tumor are collected from teaching hospitals at Al-Najaf governorate. Those blocks were stained by hematoxylin and eosin.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of GATA-3 in patients with urinary bladder cancer.

Objective: Aim: To analyze expression levels of GATA-3 in bladder tumor tissues and to prove a relation between expression of GATA-3 and clinicopathological characteristics of bladder tumors, including patient age, sex, tumor grade, and muscle invasion.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: Forty formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks obtained from bladder tumor by transurethral resection are collected from teaching hospitals at Al-Najaf governorate. Those blocks are stained by using hematoxylin and eosin stain.

Growth decline in European beech associated with temperature-driven increase in reproductive allocation.

Climate change is impacting forests in complex ways, with indirect effects arising from interactions between tree growth and reproduction often overlooked. Our 43-y study of European beech () showed that rising summer temperatures since 2005 have led to more frequent seed production events. This shift increases reproductive effort but depletes the trees' stored resources due to insufficient recovery periods between seed crops.

Structural insights into the role of reduced cysteine residues in SOD1 amyloid filament formation.

The formation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) filaments has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although the disulfide bond formed between Cys57 and Cys146 in the active state has been well studied, the role of the reduced cysteine residues, Cys6 and Cys111, in SOD1 filament formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of reduced cysteine residues by determining and comparing cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of wild-type (WT) and C6A/C111A SOD1 filaments under thiol-based reducing and metal-depriving conditions, starting with protein samples possessing enzymatic activity.

Lupus and inflammatory bowel disease share a common set of microbiome features distinct from other autoimmune disorders.

Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the microbial signatures associated with autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), compared with colorectal cancer (CRC), to identify unique biomarkers and shared microbial mechanisms that could inform specific treatment protocols.

Methods: We analysed metagenomic datasets from patient cohorts with six autoimmune conditions-SLE, IBD, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease and ankylosing spondylitis-contrasting these with CRC metagenomes to delineate disease-specific microbial profiles. The study focused on identifying predictive biomarkers from species profiles and functional genes, integrating protein-protein interaction analyses to explore effector-like proteins and their targets in key signalling pathways.

EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: 2023 update.

Objectives: To update the 2017 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations for treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc), incorporating new evidence and therapies.

Methods: An international task force was convened in line with EULAR standard operating procedures. A nominal group technique exercise was performed in two rounds to define questions underpinning a subsequent systematic literature review.

Therapeutic interception in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent clinically impactful disease.

Multiple clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevention have been completed. Here, we set out to report on the lessons learnt from these studies. Researchers who conducted RA prevention trials shared the background, rationale, approach and outcomes and evaluated the lessons learnt to inform the next generation of RA prevention trials.

Leveraging Network Target Theory for Efficient Prediction of Drug-Disease Interactions: A Transfer Learning Approach.

Efficient virtual screening methods can expedite drug discovery and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutics. This study presents a novel transfer learning model based on network target theory, integrating deep learning techniques with diverse biological molecular networks to predict drug-disease interactions. By incorporating network techniques that leverage vast existing knowledge, the approach enables the extraction of more precise and informative drug features, resulting in the identification of 88,161 drug-disease interactions involving 7,940 drugs and 2,986 diseases.

The Developmental Origin of Novel Complex Morphological Traits in Lepidoptera.

Novel traits in the order Lepidoptera include prolegs in the abdomen of larvae, scales, and eyespot and band color patterns in the wings of adults. We review recent work that investigates the developmental origin and diversification of these four traits from a gene-regulatory network (GRN) perspective. While prolegs and eyespots appear to derive from distinct ancestral GRNs co-opted to novel body regions, scales derive from in situ modifications of a sensory bristle GRN.

The Genomics Revolution Drives a New Era in Entomology.

Thanks to the fast development of sequencing techniques and bioinformatics tools, sequencing the genome of an insect species for specific research purposes has become an increasingly popular practice. Insect genomes not only provide sets of gene sequences but also represent a change in focus from reductionism to systemic biology in the field of entomology. Using insect genomes, researchers are able to identify and study the functions of all members of a gene family, pathway, or gene network associated with a trait of interest.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Neuropharmacological Potential of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Acanthus ebracteatus (Vahl.) Using Experimental and In Silico Approaches.

This study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant and neuropharmacological potentials of the methanol leaf extract of Acanthus ebracteatus (MAEL) through experimental and in silico methods. The phytochemical screening (PS) and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) identified 28 phytochemicals with different classes in nature in MAEL. The MAEL revealed better antioxidant activity through various in vitro antioxidant assays.

Steady-state free precession NMR without Fourier transform: Redefining the capabilities of 19F NMR as a discovery tool.

The 2024 Zurich perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) summit reiterated the urgent need for non-selective analytical approaches for PFC detection. 19F NMR holds great potential, however, sensitivity limitations lead to long analysis times and/or the possibility of not detecting low concentration species. Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) NMR collects the signal in a steady state regime, allowing 100's of acquisitions in the timespan of a single traditional NMR scan.

Sub-lethal exposures to bifenthrin impact stress responses and behavior of juvenile Chinook Salmon.

Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations have decreased substantially in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) over the past decades, so considerably that two of the four genetically distinct runs are now listed in the Endangered Species Act. One factor responsible for this decline is the presence of contaminants in the Delta. Insecticides, used globally in agricultural, industrial, and household settings, have the potential to contaminate nearby aquatic systems through spray drift, runoff, and direct wastewater discharge.

Immunohistochemical Expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Their Prognostic Associations.

Objective: Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte -Associated Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are presently considered as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in numerous human malignancies. The goal of this study was to determine whether PD-L1 and CTLA-4 might be used to predict patients' survival in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 100 primary TNBC cases that had surgical resection at the Oncology Center of Mansoura University (OCMU), Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.

Bioinformatics Analysis of Programmed Death-1-Trastuzumab Resistance Regulatory Networks in Breast Cancer Cells.

Objective: Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1, encoded by PDCD1) regulatory network participates in glioblastoma multiforme development. However, such a network in trastuzumab-resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer remains to be determined. Accordingly, this study was aimed to explore the PD-1 regulatory network responsible for the resistance of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab through a bioinformatics approach.

The p16 Immunostaining Predicts the Risk of Recurrence in Prostate Cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of p16 immunohistochemical expression on the biochemical recurrence rate of pT2-pT3 prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 488 pT2-pT3 stage prostate adenocarcinomas undergoing radical prostatectomy were included in this study. Following a review of Gleason classification and retrieval of sociodemographic and clinicopathological data, as well as the date of last consultation and biochemical recurrence, immunohistochemistry for p16 was performed.

Enhanced ZBTB10 expression induced by betulinic acid inhibits gastric cancer progression by inactivating the ARRDC3/ITGB4/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages due to the absence of reliable early detection biomarkers.

Methods: RNA-sequencing was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes between GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. CCK8, EdU, colony formation, transwell, flow cytometry and xenograft assays were adopted to explore the biological function of ZBTB10 and betulinic acid (BA) in GC progression.

Performance of weighted genomic BLUP and Bayesian methods for Hanwoo carcass traits.

To improve the quality and yield of the Korean beef industry, selection criteria often focus on estimated breeding values for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), and marbling score (MS). This study estimated genetic parameters and assessed the accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) using SNP weighting methods. We compared the accuracy of these methods with the genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and various Bayesian approaches (BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, and BayesCPi) for the specified traits.