Recovery from stroke: factors affecting prognosis.

: Stroke is commonly seen in neuropsychological practice. Individual differences, diffuse damage, and the difficulty inherent in researching stroke create challenges for the clinician trying to synthesize the latest information to educate patients and families on prognosis. The objective of this special issue is to provide an overview of the latest clinical research in stroke - the contributors address assessment and treatment issues that are relevant to practice.

Postconcussion symptom reporting is not associated with diffusion tensor imaging findings in the subacute to chronic phase of recovery in military service members following mild traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between white matter integrity of the brain and postconcussion symptom reporting following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).

Method: Participants were 109 U.S.

Saccadic impairment in chronic traumatic brain injury: examining the influence of cognitive load and injury severity.

Objective: Previous research suggests that saccadic eye movements can be uniquely sensitive to impairment in chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study was conducted to examine saccadic eye movements across varying levels of cognitive load and TBI history/severity. We hypothesized that saccadic impairment in chronic mild and moderate-severe TBI would be most pronounced under conditions of high cognitive load.

Performance validity testing in neuropsychology: a clinical guide, critical review, and update on a rapidly evolving literature.

Objective: Over the past two decades, there has been much research on measures of response bias and myriad measures have been validated in a variety of clinical and research samples. This critical review aims to guide clinicians through the use of performance validity tests (PVTs) from test selection and administration through test interpretation and feedback.

Method/results: Recommended cutoffs and relevant test operating characteristics are presented.

Sensitivity and specificity should never be interpreted in isolation without consideration of other clinical utility metrics.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the risks and pitfalls of interpreting sensitivity and specificity in isolation when evaluating the clinical utility of a new test/measure to predict a target behavior, disease, or condition.

Method: This paper (a) provides a primer for a set of metrics that can be used to appropriately examine the clinical utility of a test/measure (i.e.

Service needs and barriers to care five or more years after moderate to severe TBI among Veterans.

Primary Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify the most frequent service needs, factors associated with needs, and barriers to care among Veterans and service members five or more years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Design: Survey administered via telephone 5-16 years after injury (median eight years) and subsequent acute inpatient rehabilitation at a regional Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centre.

Methods And Procedures: Participants were 119 Veterans and military personnel, aged 23-70 (median 35), 90% male.

Clinical utility of embedded performance validity tests on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) following mild traumatic brain injury.

This study evaluated the clinical utility of two embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) developed for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status: the Effort Index (EI) and the Effort Scale (ES) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Participants were 250 military service members (94.0% male; Age: M = 28.

Clinical utility of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory validity scales to screen for symptom exaggeration following traumatic brain injury.

The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical utility of three recently developed validity scales (Validity-10, NIM5, and LOW6) designed to screen for symptom exaggeration using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). Participants were 272 U.S.

Examination of the Mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptom Scale and the Validity-10 Scale to detect symptom exaggeration in US military service members.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical utility of two validity scales designed for use with the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C); the Mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms Scale (mBIAS) and Validity-10 scale.

Method: Participants were 63 U.S.