Mapping Proximity to Infectious Disease Physicians Across the United States.

Enduring shortages of infectious disease physicians across the United States continue despite efforts to mitigate the problem. The recent fellowship match results underscore the difficulty in rectifying that shortage. Our report sheds light on the current geographic distribution of US infectious disease physicians and highlights the challenges faced by rural communities.

Trends of hypertensive heart disease prevalence and mortality in the United States between the period 1990-2019, Global burden of disease database.

Hypertension presents a substantial cardiovascular risk, with poorly managed cases increasing the likelihood of hypertensive heart disease (HHD). This study examines individual-level trends and burdens of HHD in the US from 1990 to 2019, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. In 2019, HHD prevalence in the US reached 1,487,975 cases, with stable changes observed since 1990.

Advancing Environmental Justice in the Community Using Charrette: A Case Study in Boston Chinatown.

Background: Community research partners in Boston Chinatown implemented a planning charrette as a part of a community-based participatory study focused on near highway research and public health action to mitigate traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). Charrettes are intensive workshops for solution-oriented design and planning used to bring together diverse stakeholders to address complex environmental health concerns.

Methods: The planning charrette included three phases: (1) community meetings and resident interviews, (2) a planning charrette to address community health concerns and air pollution within larger community wellness goals, and (3) development of a Master Planning document with policy, project, and practice recommendations to guide future community advocacy.

Rifampin Based Therapy for Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) caused by Staphylococcus aureus is associated with high risk of treatment failure and increased morbidity. The role of rifampin-based therapy for the treatment of this condition is controversial. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the efficacy and safety of rifampin-based therapy for the treatment of S.

Trauma Surgeon-Led and Funded Injury Prevention Program Decreases Number of All-Terrain Vehicle-Related Admissions.

Background: All-terrain vehicle (ATV) laws regarding helmet use, alcohol involvement, and roadway riding are poorly enforced or largely ignored. We hypothesized that direct surgeon funding and leadership in injury prevention would decrease ATV crashes. To focus prevention efforts, we reviewed a rural level 1 trauma center 11-year experience with ATV crashes comparing helmeted and unhelmeted rider outcomes.

Midlevel Providers Focusing on Geriatrics Improve Care and Outcomes of Fall-Related Injuries Among the Elderly.

Background: A rural level 1 trauma center underwent a consolidation to level III status in a new trauma network system. A dedicated group of midlevel practitioners emphasizing early mobilization, a geriatric care model, and fall prevention replaced surgical residents in the level 3 center. We hypothesized that outcomes of elderly fall-related injuries may be enhanced with midlevel providers using a geriatric-focused care model.

Trauma Surgeon-Led and Funded Injury Prevention Program Decreases Admission for Motorcycle Crash Injuries.

Background: Unhelmeted motorcyclists injured in states with lax or poorly enforced helmet safety laws are frequently seen in rural trauma centers. A trauma surgeon started a comprehensive injury prevention and research fund with outreach to a three-state trauma center catchment area promoting injury prevention at area high schools and local communities. We hypothesized that unhelmeted riders would have more severe head injuries and fatalities than helmeted riders.

An Outcome Study of the CASA-CHESS Smartphone Relapse Prevention Tool for Latinx Spanish-Speakers with Substance Use Disorders.

Hispanic/Latinx persons with alcohol and other drug disorders (AOD) have limited access to culturally competent continuity of care. To address this, the evidence-based smartphone recovery application Addiction-Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (A-CHESS) was translated and adapted for Latinx Spanish-speakers with AOD, developing CASA-CHESS. This study examined the AOD and mental health outcomes for Latinx Spanish-speaking clients using the CASA-CHESS smartphone tool over a 6-month period, post-residential treatment.

Simultaneous outbreaks of respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees caused by distinct viruses of human origin.

Respiratory viruses of human origin infect wild apes across Africa, sometimes lethally. Here we report simultaneous outbreaks of two distinct human respiratory viruses, human metapneumovirus (MPV; Pneumoviridae: Metapneumovirus) and human respirovirus 3 (HRV3; Paramyxoviridae; Respirovirus, formerly known as parainfluenza virus 3), in two chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) communities in the same forest in Uganda in December 2016 and January 2017. The viruses were absent before the outbreaks, but each was present in ill chimpanzees from one community during the outbreak period.

Ethical and Practical Considerations for Collecting Research-Related Data from Commercially Sexually Exploited Children.

This article presents seven challenges of collecting primary (i.e., firsthand) data from commercially sexually exploited children (CSEC).

Perceived consequences of hazing exposure during the first year of college: Associations with childhood victimization.

This study investigates the association between histories of childhood victimization and perceived consequences of college hazing. First-year college students at four US universities ( = 120). Participants completed Web-based surveys asking about childhood victimization (eg, child maltreatment), peer victimization, and perceived consequences of hazing during college.

PoC, LGBTQ, and gender: The intersectionality of America Chavez.

The Life and Times of America Chavez was a comic book series eventually published in trade form. Written by Gabby Rivera, queer Latinx young adult literature author, this iteration of Marvel Comic's Miss America (America Chavez) possesses an awareness and authenticity of Latinx culture and lesbian identity that was nothing less than revolutionary. Joe Quinones's artwork, rich in color, spirit, and pride, underscored the need for Latinx voices (both visual and verbal) to tell our stories.

Draining the swamp while making America great again: senior dissonance in the age of Trump.

In his surprise election as president, Donald Trump enjoyed disproportionate electoral support from older voters, many of whom saw in Trump a person who would work to reverse demographic, economic, and cultural forces that had transformed American life as they had long seen it. Yet, Trump's campaign and incumbency has also been very much about gutting the Washington policy establishment of officials, bureaucrats, and lobbyists (aka, "the swamp") which, for more than half a century, has been instrumental in enacting and expanding legislation that has benefitted older Americans far more than any other social policy constituency in the country. This article contrasts the value-oriented electoral support Trump enjoyed from older Americans with their interest concerns centered on policies such as the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid, and a host of smaller grant-in-aid programs.

The escalation dating abuse workshop for college students: Results of an efficacy RCT.

Objective: Assess the efficacy of a college dating abuse (DA) prevention workshop.

Participants: 85 students from Greek organizations.

Methods: Two fraternities and two sororities were randomized to intervention or waitlist control.

False-positive HIV diagnoses: lessons from Ugandan and Russian research cohorts.

Background: Research studies rely on accurate assessment of entry criteria in order to maintain study integrity and participant safety, however, challenges can exist with HIV studies in international settings.

Objective: Examine the unexpectedly high proportion of study participants with an undetectable HIV viral load found in Ugandan and Russian research cohorts meeting antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve entry criteria.

Methods: Russian participants with documented HIV and ART-naïve status were recruited between 2012 and 2015 from clinical and non-clinical sites in St.

Understanding and Diagnosing Antimicrobial Resistance on Social Media: A Yearlong Overview of Data and Analytics.

To better understand user conversations revolving around antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on Twitter, we used an online data collection and analysis toolkit with full firehose access to collect corpuses of tweets with "antibiotic" and "antimicrobial resistance" keyword tracks. The date range included tweets from November 28, 2015, to November 25, 2016, for both datasets. This yearlong date range provides insight into how users have discussed antibiotics and AMR and identifies any spikes in activity during a particular time frame.

Use of a Smartphone Recovery Tool for Latinos with Co-Occurring Alcohol and Other Drug Disorders and Mental Disorders.

Objective: Addressing alcohol and other drug disorders and other mental disorders among adult Hispanics/Latinos is of critical concern, as they are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups with a disproportionate rate of disease, mental disorders, and poverty. Although improvement in outcomes is associated with sustained participation in ongoing treatment for co-occurring alcohol and other drug disorders/mental disorders, continuing care is rare for these chronic conditions, especially for Latinos with more limited access to culturally and linguistically competent services.

Methods: The evidence-based smartphone recovery application Addiction-Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (A-CHESS) was translated and adapted for Spanish-speaking Latinos with alcohol and other drug disorders/mental disorders, thus developing CASA-CHESS to address a high level of need for services, high rates of relapse, and lack of existing culturally competent services for Latinos.

Utility of providing a concussion definition in the assessment of concussion history in former NFL players.

Objective: Former National Football League (NFL) players' working knowledge of concussion has not yet been evaluated, despite this population being a major clinical research target due to the association between repetitive head impacts (RHI) and long-term clinical impairments. This study examined former NFL players' understanding of the current concussion definition, and the association between number of concussions with clinical function.

Methods: 95 former NFL players (mean age = 55.

What do providers want to know about opioid prescribing? A qualitative analysis of their questions.

Background: In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) responded to the opioid crisis with a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, requiring manufacturers of extended-release/long-acting opioids to fund continuing medical education based on the "FDA Blueprint for Prescriber Education." Topics in the Blueprint are "Assessing Patients for Treatment," "Initiating Therapy, Modifying Dosing, and Discontinuing Use," "Managing Therapy," "Counseling Patients and Caregivers about Safe Use," "General Drug Information," and "Specific Drug Information." Based on the FDA Blueprint, Boston University School of Medicine's "Safe and Competent Opioid Prescribing Education" (SCOPE of Pain) offers live trainings for physicians and other prescribers.

The Aging Semantic Differential in Mandarin Chinese: Measuring Attitudes toward Older Adults in China.

The Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) is the most widely used instrument to measure young people's attitudes towards older adults. This study translated the ASD to Mandarin and examined its psychometric properties. The Mandarin-ASD contains three latent factors (Personality and Mental Health, Societal Participation, and Physical) that have high internal reliability and reasonable discriminate validity.