Conducting Research with Highly Portable MRI in Community Settings: A Practical Guide to Navigating Ethical Issues and ELSI Checklist.

Highly portable and accessible MRI technology will allow researchers to conduct field-based MRI research in community settings. Previous guidance for researchers working with fixed MRI does not address the novel ethical, legal, and societal issues (ELSI) of portable MRI (pMRI). Our interdisciplinary Working Group (WG) previously identified 15 core ELSI challenges associated with pMRI research and recommended solutions.

Psychiatric Symptoms Among Adolescents and Young Adults With or Without the Huntingtin Gene Expansion.

Objective: Using a multi-informant approach, the authors assessed the psychiatric symptoms of adolescents and young adults with or without the huntingtin gene expansion and examined the association of psychiatric symptoms with cumulative disease exposure, a measure taking into account age and genetic data.

Methods: The sample included 110 participants with (N=71) or without (N=39) the gene expansion, along with 85 family members who provided collateral reports. Saliva samples were used for genetic testing.

Reduction of Streak Artifacts in the Superior Vena Cava for Better Visualization of Mediastinal Structures Through Virtual Monoenergetic Reconstructions Using a Photon-counting Detector Computed Tomography.

Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) is crucial in oncologic imaging for precise diagnosis and staging. Beam-hardening artifacts from contrast media in the superior vena cava can degrade image quality and obscure adjacent structures, complicating lymph node assessment. This study examines the use of virtual monoenergetic reconstruction with photon-counting detector CT (photon-counting CT) to mitigate these artifacts.

Simultaneous Guidance of Intraoperative Tumor Resection by Near-Infrared-II Imaging Combined with Complementary Surface-Enhanced Raman Imaging via Janus Au-PbS Nanoparticles.

The development of sophisticated nanomaterials with synergistically enhanced functionalities and applications has been greatly promoted via the construction of Janus nanoparticles with controlled compositions. In this work, we described and demonstrated the formation of Janus Au-PbS nanoparticles (NPs) by Au NPs-mediated spontaneous epitaxial nucleation and growth. The mechanism of formation of Janus Au-PbS NPs was investigated in detail.

Trans-ancestry genome wide association study of childhood body mass index identifies novel loci and age-specific effects.

Over the past 30 years, obesity prevalence has markedly increased globally, including among children. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 1,000 genetic loci associated with obesity-related traits in adults, the genetic architecture of childhood obesity is less well-characterized. Moreover, most childhood obesity GWAS have been restricted to severely obese children, in relatively small sample sizes, and in primarily European ancestry populations.

Rhabdomyolysis of Infectious Etiology with Creatine Kinase Above One Million: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Rhabdomyolysis occurs commonly in hospitalized patients due to many etiologies. It is characterized by elevated creatine kinase, weakness, and myalgias, with severe forms causing electrolyte imbalances. However, many of these patients have a mild disease course with no symptoms.

Peripheral magnetic stimulation for the treatment of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of studies on peripheral magnetic stimulation (PMS) for fibromyalgia (FM) treatment.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINHAL, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched from inception to July 2023 for studies in adult patients with FM treated with PMS. Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation were excluded.

Enhancing neural stem cell integration in the injured spinal cord through targeted PTEN modulation.

Spinal cord injury results in permanent loss of neurological functions due to severance of neural networks. Transplantation of neural stem cells holds promise to repair disrupted connections. Yet, ensuring the survival and integration of neural stem cells into the host neural circuit remains a formidable challenge.

The impact of quantitative platform on candidacy for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) can be an effective treatment for highly selected patients with severe emphysema but only half of carefully selected patients derive clinical benefit. Two commercially available platforms exist to help determine candidacy for BLVR via quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans.

Objectives: To determine if the two commercially available quantitative platforms identified the same patient population that may benefit from BLVR.

Cell type-dependent role of transforming growth factor-β signaling on postnatal neural stem cell proliferation and migration.

Adult neurogenesis continuously produces new neurons critical for cognitive plasticity in adult rodents. While it is known transforming growth factor-β signaling is important in embryonic neurogenesis, its role in postnatal neurogenesis remains unclear. In this study, to define the precise role of transforming growth factor-β signaling in postnatal neurogenesis at distinct stages of the neurogenic cascade both in vitro and in vivo, we developed two novel inducible and cell type-specific mouse models to specifically silence transforming growth factor-β signaling in neural stem cells in (mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9) or immature neuroblasts in (DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9).

Hepatic conditioning results in better lung endothelial cell preservation under hypoxic environment in vitro.

Background: as we look to extend lung perfusion times (EVLP) to improve preservation, the metabolic activity of the lungs will require support from other organ functions. Active functional liver support, including detoxification, synthesis, and regulation, can improve lung preservation during EVLP. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of hepatic conditioning of the EVLP perfusate on lung endothelium, via the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE)-nuclear-factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in vitro.

Improving the Predictive Strength of Better-Ear Four-Frequency Pure-Tone Average With the Addition of the Tinnitus and Hearing Survey-Hearing Subscale.

Objectives: The objective of this project was to quantify the relative efficacy of a four-frequency pure-tone average in the better ear (PTA4), the Hearing subscale of the Tinnitus and Hearing Survey (THS-H), and a combination of the two in predicting speech-in-noise performance, hearing aid recommendation, and hearing aid use among United States service members (SMs).

Design: A two-analysis retrospective study was performed. The first analysis examined the degree to which better-ear PTA4 alone, THS-H alone, and better-ear PTA4 in conjunction with THS-H predicted performance on a speech-in-noise test, the modified rhyme test.

Drug-related macular edema: a real-world FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database study.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the risks associated with drug-induced macular edema and to examine the epidemiological characteristics of this condition.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the U.S.

A qualitative process evaluation of SBIRT implementation in pediatric trauma centers using the Science to Service Laboratory implementation strategy.

Background: Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based practice that can identify adolescents who use alcohol and other drugs and support proper referral to treatment. Despite an American College of Surgeons mandate to deliver SBIRT in pediatric trauma care, trauma centers throughout the United States have faced numerous patient, provider, and organizational level barriers to SBIRT implementation. The Implementing Alcohol Misuse Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Study (IAMSBIRT) aimed to implement SBIRT across 10 pediatric trauma centers using the Science-to-Service Laboratory (SSL), an empirically supported implementation strategy.

KaRhab: an international online registry for cardiac rhabdomyomas.

Background: Cardiac rhabdomyoma (RHM) is considered one of the most frequent benign heart tumors in children. However, encounters with cardiac RHM in clinical practice remain rare. Clinical information is primarily available in the form of single case reports or smaller studies with a shortage of large-scale reviews encompassing a substantial number of cases.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis with 472,819 individuals identifies 32 novel risk loci for psoriasis.

Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated disease involved in the skin or joints or both. However, deeper insight into the genetic susceptibility of psoriasis is still unclear.

Methods: Here we performed the largest multi-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association study including 28,869 psoriasis cases and 443,950 healthy controls.

Heart-on-a-chip: a revolutionary organ-on-chip platform for cardiovascular disease modeling.

Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) devices have emerged as a powerful tool for studying the human heart's intricate functions and dysfunctions in vitro. Traditional preclinical models, such as 2D cell cultures model and animal model, have limitations in accurately predicting human response to cardiovascular diseases and treatments. The HoC approach addresses these shortcomings by recapitulating the microscale anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics of the heart, thereby providing a more clinically relevant platform for drug testing, disease modeling, and personalized therapy.

Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: a 12-year cohort study based on the Japanese population.

Background: Atherosclerotic dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and insulin resistance, there remains a scarcity of large cohort studies investigating the association between AIP and the long-term risk of T2D in the general population. This study aims to investigate the potential association between AIP and the long-term risk of T2D in individuals with normal fasting plasma glucose levels.

Acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD-NET): a naturalistic pilot trial during the COVID-19 pandemic in a psychiatric outpatient department in Germany.

Background: Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the gold-standard treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, access to CBT and specialized treatments is often limited. This pilot study describes the implementation of a guided Internet-Based CBT program (ICBT) for individuals seeking treatment for OCD in a psychiatric outpatient department in Leipzig, Germany, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Severe pregnancy-associated atypical hemolytic uremia syndrome in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a novel survival case report.

Background: Pregnancy-associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a form of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) caused by uncontrolled activation of the complement system during pregnancy or the postpartum period. In the intensive care unit, aHUS must be differentiated from sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome. Early recognition of aHUS is critical for effective treatment and improved prognosis.

Charlson comorbidity index has no incremental value for mortality risk prediction in nursing home residents with COVID-19 disease.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing home (NH) residents faced the highest risk of severe COVID-19 disease and mortality. Due to their frailty status, comorbidity burden can serve as a useful predictive indicator of vulnerability in this frail population. However, the prognostic value of these cumulative comorbidity scores like the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) remained unclear in this population.

Fetal cardiac function in pregnancy affected by congenital heart disease: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common fetal malformation, and it can result first in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction and later in cardiac failure and hydrops. A limited number of studies have evaluated cardiac function in fetuses affected by CHD. Functional parameters could potentially identify fetuses at risk of cardiac failure before its development.

The definition of vitality-the perspectives of Dutch older persons.

Background: Vitality is often mentioned in the context of successful ageing, however, there is still no consensus on the definition of vitality. Moreover, older persons themselves have yet to be involved in establishing a definition of vitality.

Aim: To explore and describe how older persons define vitality, how they experience vitality, and what influences their vitality.

Association between frailty, as measured by the FRAIL scale, and 1-year mortality in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Background: The FRAIL scale is a concise and user-friendly tool for frailty assessment. However, its effectiveness in predicting 1-year mortality among older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery remains unclear. This study explored the relationship between preoperative frailty, as measured by the FRAIL scale, and 1-year mortality after surgery in this population.