Dopaminergic modulation of propofol-induced activation in VLPO neurons: the role of D1 receptors in sleep-promoting neural circuits.

Background: The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) is a crucial regulator of sleep, and its neurons are implicated in both sleep-wake regulation and anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness. Propofol (PRO), a widely used intravenous anesthetic, modulates the activity of VLPO neurons, but the underlying mechanisms, particularly the role of dopaminergic receptors, remain unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of PRO on NA (-) neurons in the VLPO and to determine the involvement of D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptors in mediating these effects.

Quinacrine Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth and Enhances the Anti-HCC Effects of Lenvatinib.

Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent cancer worldwide, necessitating effective treatment options. However, current treatments do not provide satisfactory results. Quinacrine, a synthetic drug belonging to the 9-aminoacridine family, has demonstrated promising antitumor effects.

Cuproptosis: molecular mechanisms, cancer prognosis, and therapeutic applications.

Cuproptosis differs from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, in its unique molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. In this review, we delve into the cellular metabolic pathways of copper, highlighting the role of copper in biomolecule synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, and antioxidant defense. Furthermore, we elucidate the relationship between cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and cancer prognosis, analyzing their expression patterns across various tumor types and their impact on patient outcomes.

First-line cadonilimab plus chemotherapy in HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy have been the standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma; however, the survival benefits are modest in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibody) plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. The prespecified interim analysis is reported here.

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging combined with three-dimensional ultrasound for preoperative prediction of immediate ablation rate in high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroids.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound for the preoperative prediction of nonperfused volume ratio (NPVR) in uterine fibroids after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation.

Materials And Methods: In total, 178 patients who had undergone HIFU ablation therapy for uterine fibroids between July 2021 and August 2023 were enrolled. Baseline clinical, MRI, and 3D ultrasound parameters collected before and after HIFU ablation were analyzed.

The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia.

The sleep-wake states and general anesthesia share many neurophysiological similarities, as both involve reversible changes in consciousness and modulation of brain activity. This paper reviews the role of glutamatergic neurons, the brain's primary excitatory neurons, in regulating sleep-wake states and general anesthesia. We discuss the involvement of glutamatergic neurons across various brain regions, including the brainstem, basal forebrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex, highlighting their contributions to physiological sleep-wake and anesthesia modulation.

Photobiomodulation Combined With Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates the Polarization of Microglia.

Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, with microglia regulating this process through pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Studies have shown that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) modulate neuroinflammation by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive therapy, has demonstrated significant potential in alleviating neuroinflammation.

Oxyberberine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation in human colonic Caco-2 cells .

Background: Oxyberberine (OBB) is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid that is believed to possess various health-promoting properties, including anti-fungus, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammation, and anti-intestinal mucositis effects. Despite several studies reporting the health benefits of OBB in treating ulcerative colitis (UC), its specific mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated.

Purpose: This investigation is designed to explore the potential protective efficacy of OBB and the latent mechanism using an model of UC-like inflammatory intestinal cells.

Burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in China and its provinces, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders constitute a major component of the disease burden of mental disorders in China.

Aims: To comprehensively evaluate the disease burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in China.

Method: The raw data is sourced from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021.

Nonylphenol exposure increases the risk of Hirschsprung's disease by inducing macrophage M1 polarization.

Nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant used as a surfactant in industrial production and classified as an endocrine disruptor, could interfere hormone secretion and exhibit neurotoxicity in organisms. Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), one of the most frequently observed congenital malformations of the digestive system, arises mainly due to the failure of enteric neural crest cells to migrate to the distal colon during embryonic development. However, the effects of NP exposure on HSCR are largely unknown.

The Gut Microbiota-Xanthurenic Acid-Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor Axis Mediates the Anticolitic Effects of Trilobatin.

Current treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) remain limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Trilobatin (TLB), a naturally derived food additive, exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced animal model is used to investigate the effects of TLB on UC.

A Randomized, Comparative Trial of a Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (X842) and Lansoprazole for the Treatment of Patients with Erosive Esophagitis.

Introduction: X842 is a new type of gastric acid-suppressing agent with a rapid onset of action and a long duration of effect. We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of different doses of X842 versus lansoprazole in the treatment of patients with erosive esophagitis (EE).

Methods: This phase 2 study included 90 patients with EE (Los Angeles grades A-D) who were randomized (1:1:1) to receive oral low-dose X842 (50 mg/day, n=31), high-dose X842 (100 mg/day, n=31), or lansoprazole (30 mg/day, n=30) for 4 weeks.

Pre-pregnancy fertility guidance for women of childbearing age with epilepsy: A scoping review.

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions affecting women of reproductive age. Epilepsy management during pregnancy is a clinical conundrum, requiring a balance between seizure control and risk minimization for women with epilepsy, as well as for their fetuses.

Objective: In this review, we aimed to systematically search, evaluate, and summarize relevant evidence on perinatal fertility guidance for women with epilepsy to provide a basis for medical staff to offer comprehensive fertility counseling.

Cardioattentionnet: advancing ECG beat characterization with a high-accuracy and portable deep learning model.

Introduction: The risk of mortality associated with cardiac arrhythmias is considerable, and their diagnosis presents significant challenges, often resulting in misdiagnosis. This situation highlights the necessity for an automated, efficient, and real-time detection method aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient outcomes.

Methods: The present study is centered on the development of a portable deep learning model for the detection of arrhythmias via electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, referred to as CardioAttentionNet (CANet).

Gut microbiota and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis: a bibliometric analysis from 2014 to 2023.

Background: The role of gut microbiota in inflammatory disease development and progression has been recognized more recently. Inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in involved in these diseases. This complex relationship between gut microbiota and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis provides an important field of research.

A multidimensional assessment of adverse events associated with paliperidone palmitate: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FAERS and JADER databases.

Objective: Paliperidone palmitate is a second-generation antipsychotic that has undergone extensive investigation in clinical trials. However, real-world studies assessing its safety in large populations are lacking. As such, this study aimed to comprehensively evaluate real-world adverse drug events (ADEs) linked to paliperidone palmitate by employing data mining techniques on the U.

Identifying a non-conserved site for achieving allosteric covalent inhibition of CECR2.

The bromodomain (BRD) represents a highly conserved structural module that provides BRD proteins with fundamental functionality in modulating protein-protein interactions involved in diverse biological processes such as chromatin-mediated gene transcription, DNA recombination, replication and repair. Consequently, dysregulation of BRD proteins has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. In recent years, considerable scientific endeavors have focused on unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying BRDs and developing inhibitors that target these domains.

Nonylphenol promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells by upregulating miR-151a-3p.

Nonylphenol (NP) is a common environmental contaminant and endocrine disruptor. Our previous research demonstrated that NP could promote the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. miRNA sequencing revealed that NP upregulated the expression levels of microRNA(miR)-151a-3p in CRC.

Phytochemical analysis of dried ginger extract and its inhibitory effect and mechanism on and associated ureases.

(), one of the most common infectious pathogens in the world, can cause gastritis, digestive ulcers, and even gastric cancer. urease (HPU) is a distinctive virulence factor of that allows it to be distinguished from other pathogens. Dried ginger is a famous edible and medicinal herb that is commonly used to prevent and treat gastrointestinal tract-related diseases.

Modified 'Xingnao Kaiqiao' acupuncture technique shortens the recovery time of comatose patients.

Background: This study was conducted to analyse the therapeutic effect of the modified 'Xingnao Kaiqiao' acupuncture technique in the recovery of comatose patients, as well as the clinical factors that may influence recovery from coma.

Methods: Diagnostic and therapeutic data from 166 patients in a coma due to neurological diseases were retrospectively collected. Eighty-seven comatose patients received conventional treatment, and 79 patients received conventional treatment + the modified 'Xingnao Kaiqiao' acupuncture technique.

Advances in the research of immunomodulatory mechanism of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells on periodontal tissue regeneration.

Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent disease worldwide that seriously affects people's oral health, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Although the current treatment of periodontal disease can achieve good control of inflammation, it is difficult to regenerate the periodontal supporting tissues to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect. In recent years, due to the good tissue regeneration ability, the research on Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes has been gradually deepened, especially its ability to interact with the microenvironment of the body in the complex immunoregulatory network, which has led to many new perspectives on the therapeutic strategies for many diseases.

Epidemiology, Controversies, and Dilemmas of Perioperative Nutritional Risk/Malnutrition: A Narrative Literature Review.

Current perioperative nutrition management is discouraging due to the under-recognition of clinical nutrition and the lagging development of clinical nutriology. This review aimed to identify and explore epidemiology, related adverse outcomes, controversies, and dilemmas of perioperative nutritional risk/malnutrition to call for further development of perioperative nutritional medicine. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, and Chongqing VIP Database were searched for articles published between January 1, 2014 and August 31, 2024 using the following MeSH terms: ("nutritional risk"[Title/Abstract] OR "malnutrition"[Title/Abstract] OR "undernutrition"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("surgery"[Title/Abstract] OR "surgical"[Title/Abstract] OR "operative"[Title/Abstract] OR "operation"[Title/Abstract]).

From Natural Product Derivative to Hexagonal Prism Supermolecule: Potent Biofilm Disintegration, Enhanced Foliar Affinity, and Effective Management of Tomato Bacterial Canker.

Clavibacter michiganensis (Cmm), designated as an A2 quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), incites bacterial canker of tomato, which presently eludes rapid and effective control methodologies. Dense biofilms formed by Cmm shield internal bacteria from host immune defenses and obstruct the ingress of agrochemicals. Even when agrochemicals disintegrate biofilms, splashing and bouncing during application disperse active ingredients away from target sites.