Regulatory B cells in parasitic infections: roles and therapeutic potential.

Parasitic infection is a complex process involving interactions among various immune cells. Regulatory B cells (Breg cells), a subset of B lymphocytes with immunosuppressive functions, play a role in modulating immune responses during infection to prevent excessive immune activation. This article reviews the origin, phenotype, and immunoregulatory mechanisms of Breg cells.

Cross-Species Characterization of Transcranial Ultrasound Propagation.

Background: Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) has shown promising prospects as a non-invasive neuromodulation technique for both animals and humans. However, ultrasonic propagation characteristics within the brain differ significantly from those in free space. There is currently a lack of comprehensive studies on the effects of skull thickness on focal point position, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and acoustic intensity.

Exosome-carried miR-1248 from adipose-derived stem cells improves angiogenesis in diabetes-associated wounds.

Chronic non-healing wounds are a common complication of diabetes, marked by impaired angiogenesis. This study explores how exosomes (Exo-miR-1248) from miR-1248-overexpressing adipose-derived stem cells enhance diabetic wound healing by modulating endothelial cell function. Adipose-derived stem cells were transfected with a lentivirus carrying miR-1248 to produce Exo-miR-1248, isolated via differential centrifugation.

Photomediated One-Pot Multicomponent Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of N-Acyl/Sulfonyl-α-Phosphonated-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline via Twice Acyl/Sulfonyl Iminium Formation.

N-acyl/sulfonyl-α-phosphonated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroiso-quinolines (THIQs) are highly important structural motifs in organic synthesis and drug discovery. However, the one-pot approach enabling direct difunctionalization of THIQs remains challenging. Herein we report a photomediated one-pot multicomponent cascade reaction to access N-acyl/sulfonyl-α-phosphonated THIQs via twice acyl/sulfonyl iminium.

Type III pleuropulmonary blastoma: A case report.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm occurring in infants. The disease is intimately linked to mutations in the Dcr-1 homolog and ribonuclease type III (DICER1) genes. Imaging techniques are crucial for diagnosing PPB, yet distinguishing PPB from other pulmonary masses proves challenging.

Epidemiological investigation of sex hormones and their metabolism-related gene single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with late-onset hypogonadism: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly men, and its etiology is not completely clear. Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is a relatively common disease in the aging process of men. BPH is often accompanied by varying degrees of LOH, and the pathogenesis and progression of the two diseases are related.

3D printing of different fibres towards HA/PCL scaffolding induces macrophage polarization and promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

With the rise of bone tissue engineering (BET), 3D-printed HA/PCL scaffolds for bone defect repair have been extensively studied. However, little research has been conducted on the differences in osteogenic induction and regulation of macrophage (MPs) polarisation properties of HA/PCL scaffolds with different fibre orientations. Here, we applied 3D printing technology to prepare three sets of HA/PCL scaffolds with different fibre orientations (0-90, 0-90-135, and 0-90-45) to study the differences in physicochemical properties and to investigate the response effects of MPs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on scaffolds with different fibre orientations.

Spatio-Temporal Change of Skin and Oral Microbiota: A Longitudinal Study of Microbial Diversity and Stability.

The human skin and oral cavity harbor complex microbial communities, which exist in dynamic equilibrium with the host's physiological state and the external environment. This study investigates the microbial atlas of human skin and oral cavities using samples collected over a 10-month period, aiming to assess how both internal and external factors influence the human microbiome. We examined bacterial community diversity and stability across various body sites, including palm and nasal skin, saliva, and oral epithelial cells, during environmental changes and a COVID-19 pandemic.

Study on the repair function of radiation-induced salivary gland injury using human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells pre treated with hypoxia.

Objective: To investigate the reparative effect of hypoxia pretreated hAMSCs on radiation-induced damage to salivary gland function in mice.

Methods: hAMSCs were separated from human amniotic tissues by mechanical and enzymatic digestion methods and a 15 Gy electron beam was used to locally irradiate the neck of mouse to create a salivary gland injury model. The mouse models were randomly divided into four groups: control group, IR+PBS group, IR+Nor group and IR+HP group.

Triiodothyronine activates THRβ to promote PGC1α expression alleviating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Thyroid hormone (TH) and it most active form triiodothyronine (T3) are crucial in promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and maintaining cellular homeostasis during the stress response, but their role in paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis isunclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether there was a deficiency of TH in mouse lung tissue after PQ administration, and to explore the effect of T3, and potential mechanisms of action, in alleviation of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We found that the activity and expression of iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2), an enzyme that activates TH, were higher in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis than in controls.

Primary Study on Effect of Extraction Methods on the Properties and Activities of Polysaccharides from .

, a traditional Miao medicine with significant clinical potential, is rich in polysaccharides. Despite its importance, there is a scarcity of research on the structure and activities of these polysaccharides. In this study, polysaccharides from (GJPs) were extracted using various methods, including heated reflux extraction (HRE), acidic extraction (ACE), alkaline extraction (AAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), enzymatic extraction (EAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and deep eutectic solvents extraction (DESE).

LINC01271 promotes fracture healing via regulating miR-19a-3p/PIK3CA axis.

Objective: Osteoporosis increases the risk of fragility fractures, impacting patients' lives. This study aimed to investigate whether LINC01271 was involved in the process of fragility fractures and healing, providing a new perspective for its diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: This study included 94 healthy individuals, 82 patients with osteoporosis, and 85 patients with fragility fractures as subjects.

Fasciolopsis buski infection of the biliary tract: a case report.

Background: Fasciolopsis buski is a large fluke that parasitises the human small intestine, with its infection in the biliary tract being even rarer. Given its relatively rare occurrence in recent years, the clinical diagnosis of F. buski infections can pose certain challenges.

The biomechanical effects of treating double-segment lumbar degenerative diseases with unilateral fixation through interlaminar fenestration interbody fusion surgery: a three-dimensional finite element study.

Background: Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery has become increasingly popular in the surgical treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. The optimal structure for stable double-segment fixation remains unclear.

Objective: To compare the biomechanical changes of unilateral fixation versus bilateral fixation in patients with lumbar degeneration undergoing double-segment TLIF surgery, and to explore the stability and feasibility of unilateral double-segment fixation.

Blind nasoenteric tube placement risks: A case report of misplacement into the pleural cavity.

Rationale: Enteral nutrition is a critical component of care for critically ill patients. However, the blind insertion of a nasoenteric tube, despite being a simple procedure, carries inherent risks that necessitate a reevaluation of the technique.

Patient Concerns: A case of a 60-year-old female experienced the rare yet critical complication of a misplaced nasoenteric tube entering the thoracic cavity during a blind insertion procedure for enteral nutrition following a liver transplant.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs-derived extracellular vesicles through COMP/PI3K/AKT.

The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bone regeneration is noteworthy; however, their clinical application is impeded by low yield and limited efficacy. This study investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the therapeutic efficacy of EVs derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and preliminarily explored its mechanism. PDLSCs were cultured with osteogenic media and stimulated with or without LIPUS, and then EVs and LIPUS-stimulated EVs (L-EVs) were isolated separately.

Insulin signaling and oxidative stress: Bridging the gap between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two prevalent chronic diseases that pose significant global health challenges. Increasing evidence suggests a complex bidirectional relationship between these conditions, where T2D elevates the risk of AD, and AD exacerbates glucose metabolism abnormalities in T2D.

Objective: This review explores the molecular mechanisms linking T2D and AD, focusing on the role of insulin signaling pathways and oxidative stress.

Social anxiety undermines prosocial behaviors when required effort.

Social anxiety impairs interpersonal relationships, which rely heavily on prosocial behaviors essential for healthy social interactions. The influence of social anxiety on the dynamics of helping others, through stages of prosocial choice stimulus presentation and effort, is not well understood. This study combines two experiments that integrate effort-based decision-making tasks with electroencephalography to distinguish between the choice stimulus presentation and effort phases of prosocial behavior.

Research progress of Chinese medicinal monomers in the process of melanoma occurrence.

Context: Melanoma's aggressiveness and resistance to radiotherapy highlight an urgent need for innovative treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a unique approach through its 'four natures' theory-cold, cool, warm, and hot.

Objective: This review aims to explore the potential of TCM's 'four natures' herbal monomers in melanoma treatment, providing an alternative to conventional therapies.

Effect of Nutritional Intervention on Chemotherapy Tolerance and Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Postoperative Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

This study explored the effect of symptom-based individualized nutritional intervention on chemotherapy tolerance and quality of life (QOL) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing postoperative chemotherapy. Postoperative patients with CRC ( = 88) were randomly assigned to the control group (CG,  = 45) and intervention group (IG,  = 43) receiving conventional diet counseling and symptom-based individualized nutritional intervention, respectively, and chemotherapy tolerance, adverse effects, and QOL were compared. Participants in the IG exhibited better nutritional status at the last chemotherapy cycle, with lower Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (2.

Repeated sevoflurane exposure causes hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex of adult male mice.

As one of the most commonly used general anesthetics (GAs) in surgery, numerous studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of sevoflurane exposure on myelination in the developing and elderly brain. However, the impact of sevoflurane exposure on intact myelin structure in the adult brain is barely discovered. Here, we show that repeated sevoflurane exposure, but not single exposure, causes hypomyelination and abnormal ultrastructure of myelin sheath in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult male mice, which is considered as a critical brain region for general anesthesia mediated consciousness change.

The concomitant anxiety and depression in patients with epilepsy caused by low-grade brain tumors.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the concomitant psychiatric disorders of anxiety and depression in patients with epilepsy caused by low-grade brain tumors (LBTs). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent preoperative neuropsychological evaluations of anxiety and depression and subsequent epilepsy surgery for LBTs. The univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the risk factors of the occurrence of anxiety and depression.