A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of one nano-hybrid and one high-viscosity bulk-fill composite restorative systems in class II cavities: 12 months results.

Background: Recently, manufacturers have introduced bulk-fill composite resins that reportedly can be placed in increments of 4 mm or greater.

Objective: The purpose of this article was to report the results of 12 months prospective randomized clinical trial that evaluated the clinical performance of one high-viscosity bulk-fill composite resin in Class II cavities of posterior teeth.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four participantshad at least two Class II cavities included the study.

Non-pharmacological strategies used to reduce procedural pain in infants by nurses at family health centres.

Objective: To determine the methods used by nurses working in family health centres to decrease pain during medical procedures in infants.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at family health centres in the county town of Bandirma, and city centres of Karaman and Gaziantep, Turkey, in September and October 2015, and comprised nurses. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire.

Reliability and accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography voxel density and linear distance measurement at different voxel sizes: A study on sheep head cadaver.

Background/purpose: The reliability and accuracy of linear distance and voxel density (VD) measurements are very important in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of linear distances and VD measurements of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at different voxel sizes.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen-millimeter linears of size 40 gutta-percha were prepared in fresh sheep head.

A Survey on Prevalence, Causes and Prevention of Postcementation Hypersensitivity.

This study evaluated the prevalence and causes of post-cementation sensitivity and possible prevention measures according to the experience of dentists through an internet survey. A questionnaire was prepared with 25 items based on a survey introduced by Rosenstiel and Rashid. An online site was created for the participation to the survey.

Apical extrusion of in different canal geometries during the use of nickel titanium systems with different motion types.

Background/purpose: Extrusion of intracanal bacteria leads to treatment failures. Compare the apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria () during canal preparation with three different instrumentation techniques [RECIPROC, One Shape (OS), and Twisted-File Adaptive (TFA)] with different motion types.

Materials And Methods: Ninety teeth with different canal morphologies were divided into three main groups, each including 30 teeth (10 mandibular incisors, 10 mandibular premolars, and 10 curved roots).

The prognostic value of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients with snake bites for clinical outcomes and complications.

Introduction: Snake bites have cardiotoxicity, neurotoxic, myotoxic, nephrotoxic, and hemotoxic features. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) provides valuable information for the determination of the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between NLR with the development of complications and duration of hospital stay in snakebite cases.

Evaluation of mental foramen location in the 10-70 years age range using cone-beam computed tomography.

Introduction: Mental foramen (MF) locations were determined according to gender and age in terms of the vertical distance from the surrounding anatomical structures and the vertical and horizontal size of the MF.

Materials And Methods: One hundred-seven male and 103 female patients in the age group between 10 and 70 years were included in our retrospective study and were examined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The right and the left MF locations were determined from panoramic and cross-sectional images.

Anterior Skull Base Defects Reconstructed Using Three-Layer Method: 78 Consecutive Cases with Long-Term Follow-Up.

 Anterior skull base defects are potentially lethal and surgical treatment must be performed as soon as possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether our technique is effective or not in long-term period. Retrospective chart review of all patients whose data were entered into the Hospital Registry System between 1995 and 2015.

The effects of roflumilast on the pancreas and remote organs in a cerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis model in rats.

Purpose: Systemic damage in acute pancreatitis (AP) can be characterized by oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Roflumilast has been shown to be a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of roflumilast in cerulein-induced AP.

Lithium chloride has a biphasic effect on prostate cancer stem cells and a proportional effect on midkine levels.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men worldwide and the levels of differentiation growth factor midkine (MK) are increased in PCa. Cancer and/or the treatment process itself may lead to psychiatric disorders. Lithium chloride (LiCl) has anti-manic properties and has been used in cancer therapy; however, it has a queried safety profile.

Factors influencing insulin usage among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A study in Turkish primary care.

Background: DM (diabetes mellitus) patients with poorly regulated blood glucose levels are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality. There are different factors that cause resistance to the initiation of insulin therapy such as beliefs and perceptions concerning diabetes and its treatment and the nature and consequences of insulin therapy.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the reasons for this reluctance and how these obstacles could be overcome so that DM patients who require insulin could initiate therapy.

Cement Thickness of Inlay Restorations Made of Lithium Disilicate, Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic and Nano-Ceramic CAD/CAM Materials Evaluated Using 3D X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the marginal and internal cement thicknesses of inlay restorations made of various CAD/CAM materials using 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) technique.

Materials And Methods: Caries-free extracted mandibular molars (N = 30) with similar size were randomly assigned to three groups (N = 10 per group). Mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities were prepared, and inlay restorations were obtained by milling out CAD/CAM materials namely, (a) IPS: monolithic lithium disilicate (control), (b) VE: polymer-infiltrated ceramic, and (c) CS: nano-ceramic using a CAM unit.

Esthetic impact of gingival plastic surgery from the dentistry students' perspective.

Objective: The aim of the this study was to evaluate the perception of smile esthetics and alterations in cases of gingival plastic surgery for correction of a gummy smile, by means of alterations in smile photograph among dentistry degree students.

Materials And Methods: A frontal smile photograph of a 40-year-old woman having normal occlusion was used with diverse compositions of gingival exposure level and crown length of maxillary teeth. The eight photographs were evaluated by 216 dentistry students in five class groups (1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd), 4(th) and 5(th) classes).

Antagonist activity of the antipsychotic drug lithium chloride and the antileukemic drug imatinib mesylate during glioblastoma treatment in vitro.

Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary tumour of the central nervous system, is characterised by a high malignancy and poor prognosis. The aims of this study were to investigate whether the combination of imatinib mesylate (IM) and lithium chloride (LiCl) exhibited a synergistic effect in treatment and to determine whether midkine (MK) affected the fate of this treatment in vitro.

Methods: Monolayer and spheroid cultures of the T98G human GBM cell line were treated with an IM and LiCl combination for 72 h.

Therapeutic effects of ellagic acid on L-arginin ınduced acute pancreatitis.

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effects of ellagic acid on L-arginin ınduced acute pancreatitis in rats.

Methods: Thirty-two were split into four groups. Group 1 (control) rats were performed only laparotomy, no drugs were administered.

Evaluation of osteoporosis in jaw bones using cone beam CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in jaw bones due to osteoporosis using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Subjects that had undergone CBCT for various oral conditions and demonstrating clinical findings of osteoporosis were invited to participate in the study. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on 90 patients aged over 30 years who underwent CBCT.

Comparison of arch forms between Turkish and North American.

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the morphological differences in the mandibular arches of Turkish and North American white subjects.

Methods: The sample included 132 Turkish (34 Class I, 58 Class II, and 40 Class III) and 160 North American (60 Class I, 50 Class II, and 50 Class III) subjects. The most facial portion of 13 proximal contact areas was digitized from photocopied images of patients' mandibular dental arches.

Advances in biosensing strategies for HIV-1 detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring.

HIV-1 is a major global epidemic that requires sophisticated clinical management. There have been remarkable efforts to develop new strategies for detecting and treating HIV-1, as it has been challenging to translate them into resource-limited settings. Significant research efforts have been recently devoted to developing point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that can monitor HIV-1 viral load with high sensitivity by leveraging micro- and nano-scale technologies.

Effect of new innovative restorative carbomised glass cement on intrapulpal temperature rise: an ex-vivo study.

This study aimed to evaluate the temperature changes that occurred in the pulp chamber when using GCP Glass Carbomer Fill (GCP) and two different resin-modified glass-ionomer (RGI) restorative materials at different dentin thicknesses. A standardized Class I occlusal cavity with 1 mm or 2 mm dentin thickness was prepared in the extracted human molar teeth. RGI and GCP fills were placed in the cavities and cured with two different light-curing units.

[Effect of cigarette smoke extract on phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by macrophages].

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogen that causes community acquired and nosocomial infections worldwide. Phagocytosis by macrophages plays an important role in the first line defense against infections caused by S.aureus.

The effect of different adhesives and setting times on bond strength between Biodentine and composite.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 different adhesives with different functional monomers, on the shear bond strength (SBS) of Biodentine®.

Methods: Acrylic blocks (n = 90) were prepared and a 2-mm height x 4-mm diameter hole was opened in each block. Every hole was completely restored with Biodentine®.

Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Fluoxetine-Induced Hepatotoxicity: An Experimental Study.

Background. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods.

Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on oxidant and anti-oxidant status of liver and serum in a rat model with acute methanol intoxication.

Background: Methanol toxicity is one of the major public health problems because it can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Methanol intoxication causes changes in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity.

Aims: We aimed to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the total oxidant status, total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) parameters of the liver and the serum in a rat model of acute methanol intoxication.

Comparison of the effectiveness of three different methods in decreasing pain during venipuncture in children: ball squeezing, balloon inflating and distraction cards.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to investigate three different distraction methods (squeezing a soft ball, balloon inflation and distraction cards) on pain and anxiety relief in children during phlebotomy.

Background: Needle-requiring medical procedures such as venipuncture, phlebotomy and intramuscular injections are common and significant sources of pain for children, and these cause anxiety, distress and fear.

Design: This study was a prospective, randomised controlled trial.

Evaluation of school-based prevention program in Turkey: Results of a 24-month study.

Objective: In this paper, cavity experiences of children with different levels of eruption and cavity activities that are enrolled at an elementary school with semi-rural characteristics in Kırıkkale Provincial center were monitored for 2 years after a variety of protective applications.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred and twenty-two children at the age of 7-11 were included in this study. Children were grouped as follows according to their cavity experiences and applications done: Group 1 - control group (with or without cavities) - was given hygiene training only; Group 2 - with medium level cavity activity (2-4 cavities in average) - oral hygiene training + surface restoration applied; Group 3 - children with 2-4 cavities on average - oral hygiene training + professional flour gel applied; Group 4 - children with 2-4 cavities in average - oral hygiene training + flour gel applied with brush; Group 5 - children with extreme cavity activity (children with 5 or more cavities) - oral hygiene training + surface restoration + professional flour gel combination applied.