An EEG-based framework for automated discrimination of conversion to Alzheimer's disease in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: an 18-month longitudinal study.

Background: As a clinical precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) bears a considerably heightened risk of transitioning to AD compared to cognitively normal elders. Early prediction of whether aMCI will progress to AD is of paramount importance, as it can provide pivotal guidance for subsequent clinical interventions in an early and effective manner.

Methods: A total of 107 aMCI cases were enrolled and their electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected at the time of the initial diagnosis.

Akkermansia muciniphila and its metabolite propionic acid maintains neuronal mitochondrial division and autophagy homeostasis during Alzheimer's disease pathologic process via GPR41 and GPR43.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease (ND). In recent years, multiple clinical and animal studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In addition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by intestinal microbiota metabolism have been considered to be important factors affecting central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α inhibitor promotes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development and increases hepatocellular lipid accumulation via TSKU upregulation.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) inhibitor is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for diseases. However, the role of HIF1α inhibitor in NASH is still unclear.

TGR5 attenuates DOCA-salt hypertension through regulating histone H3K4 methylation of ENaC in the kidney.

Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), located in the collecting duct principal cells of the kidney, is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium and plays a critical role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and consequently blood pressure. The G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is a membrane receptor mediating effects of bile acid and is implicated in kidney diseases. The current study aims to investigate whether TGR5 activation in the kidney regulated ENaC expression and potential mechanism.

Protocol for evaluating humoral immune responses in mice following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Binding and neutralizing antibodies are critical indicators of protection against viral pathogens and are essential for assessing the immunogenicity and efficacy of a vaccine. Here, we present a protocol comprising two assays for measuring the spike-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies in mouse plasma following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We describe steps for determining binding antibody titers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and assessing neutralizing antibody titers through a pseudovirus neutralization assay.

Rapid Generation of Reverse Genetics Systems for Coronavirus Research and High-Throughput Antiviral Screening Using Gibson DNA Assembly.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a significant threat to human health, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The large size of the CoV genome (around 30 kb) represents a major obstacle to the development of reverse genetics systems, which are invaluable for basic research and antiviral drug screening. In this study, we established a rapid and convenient method for generating reverse genetic systems for various CoVs using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector and Gibson DNA assembly.

Intraocular lens calculation formula selection for short eyes: based on axial length and anterior chamber depth.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of 11 intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in eyes with an axial length (AL) less than 22.00 mm.

Methods: New-generation formulas (Barrett Universal II [BUII], Emmetropia Verifying Optical [EVO] 2.

Proximity Labeling and Genetic Screening Reveal that DSG2 is a Counter Receptor of Siglec-9 and Suppresses Macrophage Phagocytosis.

Cancer cells present sialylated glycoconjugates that modulate the activity of various immune cells within the tumor microenvironment through trans interaction with immunosuppressive Siglec receptors. Identifying counter receptors for Siglecs can provide valuable targets for cancer immunotherapy, but it presents significant challenges. Here, the identification of DSG2 (Desmoglein 2) as a dominant counter receptor of Siglec-9 in melanoma cells is reported, using a workflow that combines the strength of proximity labeling and the advantage of CRISPR knockout screening.

Chromatin landscape alteration uncovers multiple transcriptional circuits during memory CD8+ T cell differentiation.

Extensive epigenetic reprogramming involves in memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation. The elaborate epigenetic rewiring underlying the heterogeneous functional states of CD8+ T cells remains hidden. Here, we profile single-cell chromatin accessibility and map enhancer-promoter interactomes to characterize the differentiation trajectory of memory CD8+ T cells.

Evaluation of Enrichment Approaches for the Study of the Viromes in Mollusk Species.

Invasive alien species such as freshwater snails have significantly affected the food, environment, and the health of humans and animals, which have unfortunately received insufficient attention. To facilitate the study of viromes in snail species, we compared the enrichment effect of cesium chloride (CsCl) and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugations in the recovery of diverse viruses in Pomacea canaliculata and Achatina fulica. First, we showed that CsCl-based ultracentrifugation enriched more virus contigs and reduced the nucleic acid background of the Pomacea canaliculata and was thus beneficial for virus recovery.

Protocol for assessing immune-target cell interactions using a single-cell cytotoxicity assay.

Standard flow cytometry-based assays can determine the cytotoxicity of immune effector cells, but it is challenging to monitor the dynamic processes of cytotoxicity. Here, we present a protocol for continuous observation of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity with microwell arrays using an automated microscope. We describe steps for isolating and labeling primary NK cells, loading cells onto microwell arrays, monitoring target wells, and image analysis.

[Revisiting the vasopressin V2 receptor].

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a crucial role in various physiological processes including water reabsorption, cardiovascular homeostasis, hormone secretion, and social behavior. AVP acts through three distinct receptor subtypes, i.e.

SQLE-mediated squalene metabolism promotes tumor immune evasion in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) is a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis and has been shown to negatively affect tumor immunity and is associated with poor outcomes of immunotherapy in various cancers. While most research in this area has focused on the impact of cholesterol on immune functions, the influence of SQLE-mediated squalene metabolism within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remains unexplored.

Methods: We established an immune-competent mouse model (C57BL/6) bearing mouse pancreatic cancer xenografts (KPC cells) with or without stable SQLE-knockdown (SQLE-KD) to evaluate the impact of SQLE-mediated metabolism on pancreatic cancer growth and immune functions.

TRIOL attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage injury by bidirectionally modulating microglia- and neuron-mediated hematoma clearance.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents the most severe subtype of stroke, and the lack of effective clinical pharmacotherapies poses a substantial threat to human health. Hematoma plays a crucial role in determining the prognosis of ICH patients by causing primary mechanical extrusion, followed by secondary brain injuries, such as cerebral edema, iron-mediated oxidative stress, and inflammation resulting from its degradation products. 5α-androst-3β,5α,6β-triol (TRIOL) is a neuroprotective steroid currently undergoing phase II clinical trial for acute ischemic stroke with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure is associated with radioiodine therapy resistance and dedifferentiation of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) generally has a favorable prognosis, and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is typically used for metastatic DTC that continues to progress and poses life-threatening risks. However, resistance to RAI in metastatic DTC significantly impairs treatment effectiveness. This study aims to identify potential compounds that may influence RAI efficacy.

Association Between Nocturnal Hypoxemia Parameters and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: There is a connection between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between OSA-related nocturnal hypoxemia parameters and CMD.

Methods: This is an observational, single-center study that included patients who underwent polysomnography and coronary angiography during hospitalization.

Modulation of glymphatic system by visual circuit activation alleviates memory impairment and apathy in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive amyloid deposition and cognitive decline, yet the pathological mechanisms and treatments remain elusive. Here we report the therapeutic potential of low-intensity 40 hertz blue light exposure in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Our findings reveal that light treatment prevents memory decline in 4-month-old 5xFAD mice and motivation loss in 14-month-old 5xFAD mice, accompanied by restoration of glial water channel aquaporin-4 polarity, improved brain drainage efficiency, and a reduction in hippocampal lipid accumulation.

Nucleus-translocated GCLM promotes chemoresistance in colorectal cancer through a moonlighting function.

Metabolic enzymes perform moonlighting functions during tumor progression, including the modulation of chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms of these functions remain elusive. Here, utilizing a metabolic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout library screen, we observe that the loss of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, noticeably increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to platinum-based chemotherapy.

Whole-exome sequencing association study reveals genetic effects on tumor microenvironment components in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents a substantial clinical challenge due to the limited understanding of its genetic underpinnings. Here we conduct the largest scale whole-exome sequencing association study of NPC to date, encompassing 6,969 NPC cases and 7,100 controls. We unveil 3 germline genetic variants linked to NPC susceptibility: a common rs2276868 in RPL14, a rare rs5361 in SELE, and a common rs1050462 in HLA-B.

ClC-5 knockout mitigates angiotensin II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction.

Aims: Impairment of nitric oxide (NO) production is a major cause of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. ClC-5 Cl channel is abundantly expressed in the vascular endothelium. However, it remains unclear how it regulates endothelial function.

Exploring the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and myasthenia gravis: A two-way Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Based on previous research, it is well-established that myasthenia gravis (MG) is linked to chronic inflammation. However, the exact nature of the relationship between inflammatory factors and the development of MG remains unclear. Consequently, the objective of this study is to explore whether alterations in the levels of inflammatory factors, as influenced by genetic factors, are associated with the occurrence of MG.

Ozone concentration, physical activity, and emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents.

Background: No prior study has examined the mutual association of long-term outdoor ozone (O) concentration and physical activity (PA) with emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) in children and adolescents. This study aims to investigate the association between long-term outdoor O concentration and the risk of EBPs in children and adolescents and further explore whether increased PA levels modify this association.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2020 wave follow-up examination of an ongoing prospective cohort study (COHERENCE project) in Guangzhou, China.