Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System for Diabetic Retinopathy and Related Eye Diseases Using Retinal Images From Multiethnic Populations With Diabetes.

Importance: A deep learning system (DLS) is a machine learning technology with potential for screening diabetic retinopathy and related eye diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a DLS in detecting referable diabetic retinopathy, vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, possible glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in community and clinic-based multiethnic populations with diabetes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Diagnostic performance of a DLS for diabetic retinopathy and related eye diseases was evaluated using 494 661 retinal images.

Motion-generated optical information allows event perception despite blurry vision in AMD and amblyopic patients.

Events consist of objects in motion. When objects move, their opaque surfaces reflect light and produce both static image structure and dynamic optic flow. The static and dynamic optical information co-specify events.

Evaluation of Human Corneal Lenticule Quality After SMILE With Different Cap Thicknesses Using Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Purpose: To evaluate the surface characteristics of lenticules created by small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with different cap thicknesses.

Methods: This prospective study included 20 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral SMILE. Surface regularity of the extracted corneal lenticule was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with 2 methods: qualitative and quantitative regularity.

Altered Macular Microvasculature in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease.

Background: The goal of the present study was to analyze the macular microvacular network in mild cognitive impirment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: Twelve patients with AD and 19 patients with MCI were recruited together with 21 cognitively normal controls with a similar range of ages. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to image the retinal microvascular network at the macular region, including retinal vascular network (RVN), superficial vascular plexus (SVP), and deep vascular plexus (DVP).

Associated factors, diagnosis and management of Acanthamoeba keratitis in a referral Center in Southern China.

Background: To analyse the associated factors, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and therapeutic effects of Acanthamoeba keratitis at a tertiary ophthalmic centre in Southern China.

Methods: A retrospective clinical study was performed in fifteen patients who were admitted to Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre (ZOC) from January 2004 to December 2014. The patients' pathogenesis-associated factors were analysed, and preoperative diagnoses were determined using corneal scraping cultures and/or confocal microscopy followed.

[Diagnostic criteria of demodex blepharitis].

Demodex infestation is a common cause of blepharitis and now is drawing more and more attention from clinicians. Demodex mite is the most common age-related ectoparasite of human being and may be detected from asymptomatic normal population. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of demodicosis remains unclear.

[Emphasizing the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes related dry eye].

Nowadays, diabetes is quickly emerging as one of the biggest health-related catastrophes over the world. Its impact on people's quality of life has been gradually taken seriously. In the past few years, the connection linking dry eye to diabetes has been substantially confirmed by a series of studies.

Comparison of Retinal Microvessel Blood Flow Velocities Acquired with Two Different Fields of View.

To compare the different retinal blood flow velocities (BFVs) acquired with different fields of view (FOVs) using the retinal function imager (RFI), twenty eyes of twenty healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Retinal microvessel BFV in the macula was acquired with both a wide FOV (35 degrees, 7.3 × 7.

Reduced vision in highly myopic eyes without ocular pathology: the ZOC-BHVI high myopia study.

Background: The aim was to investigate the relationship of the magnitude of myopia with visual acuity in highly myopic eyes without ocular pathology.

Methods: Twelve hundred and ninety-two highly myopic eyes (up to -6.00 DS both eyes, no astigmatic cut-off) with no ocular pathology from the ZOC-BHVI high myopia study in China, had cycloplegic refraction, followed by subjective refraction and visual acuities and axial length measurement.

[The advances in research on precisely inducing retinal ganglion cells from stem cells].

The injury and repair of retinal neurons is a common scientific problem in the occurrence, development and prognosis of neuronal visual impairment. Transplant of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) differentiated from stem cells opens a new avenue for treatment of glaucoma and optic neuronal degenerative diseases. For the goal to explore the optimal method for RGCs replacement, this review summarizes the current information regarding the classification and application of stem cells, the growth characteristics of RGCs and the precise methods to induce RGCs, and discusses some important issues that need resolving and are related to RGCs transplantation.

Evaluated Conjunctival Blood Flow Velocity in Daily Contact Lens Wearers.

Objective: This study examined conjunctival microvasculature development in long-term habitual contact lens (HCL) wearers after a night of sleep.

Methods: Twenty HCL wearers (15 women and 5 men, aged 28.6±6.

Influencing factors on compliance of timely visits among patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in southern China: a qualitative study.

Objective: To identify the reasons for low adherence among patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in southern China using a qualitative method.

Methods: Exploratory indepth interviews were conducted in 27 diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy who required vitrectomy surgery at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, from March to August 2015. Qualitative data analysis and research software (ATLAS.

Development of a Modular Automated System for Maintenance and Differentiation of Adherent Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have tremendous potential for development of regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. However, the processes of reprogramming, maintenance, and differentiation are labor intensive and subject to intertechnician variability. To address these issues, we established and optimized protocols to allow for the automated maintenance of reprogrammed somatic cells into iPSCs to enable the large-scale culture and passaging of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using a customized TECAN Freedom EVO.

[The quality of epidemiological research on pediatric refractive error and amblyopia in China needs to be improved].

Over the past decade, great progress has been made in the clinical and epidemiological studies on refractive error and amblyopia in children with research findings published in international peer reviewed journals. This article reviews some of the essential publications so that the research findings could be learnt extensively, understood critically and objectively, and applied effectively to clinical practice. We aim to address the current limitations and shed light on clinical practice.

Bulbar conjunctival microvascular responses in dry eye.

Purpose: Conjunctival microvascular responses may be a surrogate metric of efferent neural pathway function innervating the ocular surface as changes in blood flow occur within seconds after a stimulus. As somatosensory dysfunction may partially underlie dry eye (DE), in this study we evaluate whether bulbar conjunctival microvascular alterations correlate with various aspects of DE.

Methods: Fifty-six DE patients were prospectively recruited from a Veterans Affairs ophthalmology clinic over an 11-month period.

[Development of ophthalmic pathology and precision medicine].

As an indispensable professional, ophthalmic pathology plays an important role in the development of the ophthalmology. With the worldwide attention and promotion of precision medicine and the rapid development of modern medical testing technology, the development of pathology is facing the challenges of survival and development opportunities. We discuss the relationship between the development of pathology and the precision medicine to explain that the precise pathological diagnosis is the basis of the implementation of precision medicine.

[Effect of a new ROCK inhibitor thiazovivin on the morphology and function of human corneal endothelial cells].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of thiazovivin, a novel ROCK inhibitor, on the morphology and function of human corneal endothelial cells(HCECs).

Methods: The primary HCECs were identified by light microscopy and immunofluorescence staining of neuron-specific enolase. To screen the optimal concentration and action time of thiazovivin for maintaining the morphology and function of primary HCECs, Na (+)/K (+)-ATPase and N-cadherin were chosen as indicators, and the morphology and function of HCECs in various concentrations(0 μmol/L, 2 μmol/L, 4 μmol/L, and 6 μmol/L)for different durations(24 h and 48 h)were examined by immunofluorescence experiments.

Pleiotropic action of CpG-ODN on endothelium and macrophages attenuates angiogenesis through distinct pathways.

There is an integral relationship between vascular cells and leukocytes in supporting healthy tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, activation of these two cellular components is key for tissue repair following injury. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in innate immunity defending the organism against infection, but their contribution to angiogenesis remains unclear.

A Hydrogel-Based Hybrid Theranostic Contact Lens for Fungal Keratitis.

Fungal keratitis, a severe ocular disease, is one of the leading causes of ocular morbidity and blindness, yet it is often neglected, especially in developing countries. Therapeutic efficacy of traditional treatment such as eye drops is very limited due to poor bioavailability, whereas intraocular injection might cause serious side effects. Herein, we designed and fabricated a hybrid hydrogel-based contact lens which comprises quaternized chitosan (HTCC), silver nanoparticles, and graphene oxide (GO) with a combination of antibacterial and antifungal functions.

Hyaluronate Acid-Dependent Protection and Enhanced Corneal Wound Healing against Oxidative Damage in Corneal Epithelial Cells.

Purpose. To evaluate the effects and mechanism of exogenous hyaluronate (HA) in promoting corneal wound healing. Methods.

The role of specific Smad linker region phosphorylation in TGF-β mediated expression of glycosaminoglycan synthesizing enzymes in vascular smooth muscle.

Hyperelongation of glycosaminoglycan chains on proteoglycans facilitates increased lipoprotein binding in the blood vessel wall and the development of atherosclerosis. Increased mRNA expression of glycosaminoglycan chain synthesizing enzymes in vivo is associated with the development of atherosclerosis. In human vascular smooth muscle, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates glycosaminoglycan chain hyperelongation via ERK and p38 as well as Smad2 linker region (Smad2L) phosphorylation.