[How to make the intraocular pressure after glaucoma filtering surgery more controllable].

Glaucoma surgery is one of the main methods of glaucoma treatment. In recent years, glaucoma surgery has been greatly developed. Minimally invasive surgical procedures for glaucoma have emerged.

Deep learning for detecting retinal detachment and discerning macular status using ultra-widefield fundus images.

Retinal detachment can lead to severe visual loss if not treated timely. The early diagnosis of retinal detachment can improve the rate of successful reattachment and the visual results, especially before macular involvement. Manual retinal detachment screening is time-consuming and labour-intensive, which is difficult for large-scale clinical applications.

Distinguishing Microvasculature Features of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada in Patients in Acute and Convalescent Phases Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

: To evaluate retinal and choroidal microvascular features of VKH patients in acute and convalescent phases after treatment using OCTA.: A prospective, observational study was conducted in patients with initial VKH at the acute stage (n = 15) and healthy participants (n = 15) served as controls. After 3-month systemic corticosteroid treatment, patients' vascular parameters were recorded by OCTA before and after treatment and compared with results observed in healthy participants.

[Focusing on the functional dry eye].

Dry eye is one of the most common eye diseases characterized by disturbance of tear film homeostasis and a series of ocular discomforts. Discrepancy of ocular subjective symptoms and objective signs, especially unexplained severe symptoms without visible signs has been a long-time confusion for ophthalmologists. Functional disorder is a medical condition that impairs normal functioning of bodily processes due to autonomic nervous dysfunction caused by cerebral cortical dysfunction, but at the exterior, there is no appearance of abnormality.

[Whether lowering intraocular pressure is needed for thyroid associated ophthalmopathy with intraocular hypertension].

Patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy often have elevated intraocular pressure. Patients and doctors are often confused about whether intraocular hypertension in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy needs to be lowered. There are several theories on the possible causes of this kind of increased intraocular pressure: restriction and compression of the globe by fibrotic and enlarged rectus muscles, increased episcleral venous pressure resulting from orbital congestion and venous outflow obstruction, and increased resistance to trabecular outflow.

Incidence of Medication-Treated Depression and Anxiety Associated with Long-Term Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Osteoarthritis in Community-dwelling Women and Men.

Background: Long-term cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoarthritis may increase the risk of mental disorders, but which was more harmful and whether the associations differed between genders is unclear.

Methods: We included 115,094 participants (54.3% women) aged 45-64 years from the 45 and Up Study who were free of depression, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease at baseline (2006-2009).

A Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Wearing Adjustable Glasses versus Standard and Ready-made Spectacles among Chinese Schoolchildren: Wearability and Evaluation of Adjustable Refraction III.

Purpose: To compare wear of standard, adjustable, and ready-made glasses among children.

Design: Randomized, controlled, open-label, noninferiority trial.

Participants: Students aged 11 to 16 years with presenting visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 in both eyes, correctable to ≥6/7.

Comparison of clinical outcomes of different components of diabetic macular edema on optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the edema reduction after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) in two diabetic macular edema (DME) components in the same eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Totally 113 eyes with mixed OCT pattern of DME were included. All the eyes underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) examination and OCT scanning at baseline and follow-up visits (1, 3, and 6 months after 3 monthly consecutive IVR).

Protective effects of lipoic acid-niacin dimers against blue light-induced oxidative damage to retinal pigment epithelium cells.

Aim: To evaluate the protective effects of lipoic acid-niacin (N2L) dimers against blue light (BL)-induced oxidative damage to human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells

Methods: hRPE cells were divided into a control group (CG), a BL group, an N2L plus BL irradiation group, an α-lipoic acid (ALA) plus BL group, an ALA-only group, and an N2L-only group. hRPE cellular viability was detected by performing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) bromide assays, and apoptosis was evaluated by annexin-V-PE/7-AAD staining followed by flow cytometry. Ultrastructural changes in subcellular organelles were observed by transmission electron microscopy.

Utility of Self-Destructing CRISPR/Cas Constructs for Targeted Gene Editing in the Retina.

Safe delivery of CRISPR/Cas endonucleases remains one of the major barriers to the widespread application of genome editing. We previously reported the utility of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated CRISPR/Cas genome editing in the retina; however, with this type of viral delivery system, active endonucleases will remain in the retina for an extended period, making genotoxicity a significant consideration in clinical applications. To address this issue, we have designed a self-destructing "kamikaze" CRISPR/Cas system that disrupts the Cas enzyme itself following expression.

Induction of DDIT4 Impairs Autophagy Through Oxidative Stress in Dry Eye.

Purpose: To assess how DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) and autophagic flux are altered in dry eye disease and reveal the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to desiccating stress (subcutaneous scopolamine [0.5 mg/0.

Myopia control with novel central and peripheral plus contact lenses and extended depth of focus contact lenses: 2 year results from a randomised clinical trial.

Purpose: We aimed to determine myopia control efficacy with novel contact lenses (CL) that (1) reduced both central and peripheral defocus, and (2) provided extended depth of focus with better global retinal image quality for points on, and anterior to, the retina and degraded for points posterior to the retina.

Methods: Children (n = 508, 8-13 years) with cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) -0.75 to -3.

Prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in Huidong County, South China, primary ascertained by the key informants.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to ascertain the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment (BL/SVI) in Huidong, South China.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in early 2017 in areas of 139 816 children at the age of 0-15 as the study subjects. We used the trained key informants (KIs) to do preliminary visual test in the communities and refer those children suspected with blindness or unable to count fingers with both eyes at 5 m to hospital for further examination by paediatric ophthalmologist for causes.

The inter-visit variability of retinal blood flow velocity measurements using retinal function imager (RFI).

Background: To determine the inter-visit variability of retinal blood flow velocities (BFVs) using a retinal function imager (RFI) in healthy young subjects.

Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 healthy young subjects were enrolled. RFI imaging was performed to obtain the BFVs in retinal arterioles and venules in a field measuring 7.

Prediction of myopia development among Chinese school-aged children using refraction data from electronic medical records: A retrospective, multicentre machine learning study.

Background: Electronic medical records provide large-scale real-world clinical data for use in developing clinical decision systems. However, sophisticated methodology and analytical skills are required to handle the large-scale datasets necessary for the optimisation of prediction accuracy. Myopia is a common cause of vision loss.

The Relationship between Progression in Axial Length/Corneal Radius of Curvature Ratio and Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error in Myopia.

Significance: This study demonstrates that mean axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio (AL/CR) can be used to detect low and high myopia but cannot clinically monitor myopia progression because the relationship between AL/CR and progression in myopia is different between low and high myopia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of AL/CR with magnitude and progression of myopia.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted comparing the right eyes of those with high myopia (n = 308; age, 7 to 16 years; myopia sphere, -6.

Gene therapy for visual loss: Opportunities and concerns.

Many clinical trials using gene therapy have shown significant therapeutic benefits and exceptional safety records. Increasing evidence is verifying the long sought-after promise that gene therapy will genetically 'cure' some severely disabling diseases. In particular, the first gene therapy bioproduct for RPE65-associated Leber's congenital amaurosis, which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2017, has provided tremendous encouragement to the field of gene therapy.

Development of a liquid dissection technique for small-incision lenticule extraction: Clinical results and ultrastructural evaluation.

Purpose: To determine the effect of a liquid dissection technique on clinical outcomes with ultrastructural analysis of the lenticule surface in small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Setting: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China.

Design: Prospective case series.

[Orbital decompression for thyroid associated ophthalmopathy: transnasal endoscopic approach or external orbital approach?].

External orbital decompression, including medial wall, inferior wall, lateral wall and orbital fat decompression alone or in combination, has long been considered to be the standard treatment for thyroid related eye diseases. Deep lateral wall orbital decompression has better effect in the balance of eye position, correction of serious exophthalmos and severe oppression optic neuropathy. Recently, however, endoscopic orbital decompression is becoming increasingly popular with the development of endoscopic surgery technique in naso-orbit related diseases.

Tacrolimus interacts with voriconazole to reduce the severity of fungal keratitis by suppressing IFN-related inflammatory responses and concomitant FK506 and voriconazole treatment suppresses fungal keratitis.

Purpose: To investigate the expression and roles of type I and II interferons (IFNs) in fungal keratitis, as well as the therapeutic effects of tacrolimus (FK506) and voriconazole on this condition.

Methods: The mRNA and protein expression levels of type I (IFN-α/β) and II (IFN-γ) IFNs, as well as of related downstream inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17), were detected in macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and corneal epithelial cells (A6(1) cells) stimulated with zymosan (10 mg/ml) for 8 or 24 h. A fungal keratitis mouse model was generated through intrastromal injection of , and the mice were then divided into four groups: group I, the PBS group; group II, the voriconazole group; group III, the FK506 group; and group IV, the voriconazole plus 0.

Prevalence and causes of blindness, visual impairment among different ethnical minority groups in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China.

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to ascertain the prevalence and causes of blindness, visual impairment, uptake of cataract surgery among different ethnic groups in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Methods: Four thousand one hundred fifty people at 50 years and above from different minority ethnic groups were randomly selected for an eye examination. The four trained eye teams collected data using tumbling E visual chart, torch, portable slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscope in 2015.

Impaired retinal microcirculation in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

The goal of this study was to determine the retinal blood flow rate (BFR) and blood flow velocity (BFV) of pre-capillary arterioles and post-capillary venules in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Forty patients (20 AD and 20 MCI) and 21 cognitively normal (CN) controls with a similar age range (± 5 yrs) were recruited. A retinal function imager (RFI) was used to measure BFRs and BFVs of arterioles and venules in the macular region.