A multifactorial screening model based on the Graves ophthalmopathy quality of life scores in dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Purpose: To validate the Graves ophthalmopathy quality of life (GO-QOL) questionnaire in screening DON and to construct an effective model.

Methods: A total of 194 GO patients were recruited and divided into DON and non-DON (mild and moderate-to-severe) groups. Eye examinations were performed, and quality of life was assessed by the GO-QOL questionnaire.

Protocol for performing deep learning-based fundus fluorescein angiography image analysis with classification and segmentation tasks.

Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) examinations are widely used in the evaluation of fundus disease conditions to facilitate further treatment suggestions. Here, we present a protocol for performing deep learning-based FFA image analytics with classification and segmentation tasks. We describe steps for data preparation, model implementation, statistical analysis, and heatmap visualization.

Consensus statement on extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsy for advancing laboratory medicine.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of nanoscale membrane vesicles actively released by cells. These EVs can be further subdivided into categories like exosomes and microvesicles, based on their origins, sizes, and physical attributes. Significantly, disease-derived EVs have been detected in virtually all types of body fluids, providing a comprehensive molecular profile of their cellular origins.

Deficiency of SECTM1 impairs corneal wound healing in aging.

The corneal epithelium is the outermost transparent barrier of the eyeball and undergoes continuous self-renewal by limbal stem cells (LSCs) during its lifetime; however, the impact of aging on LSCs remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that the healing ability of the cornea in elderly macaques (Macaca fascicularis) was significantly decreased compared to that of younger macaques. This delayed wound closure accompanied a disordered cell arrangement and corneal opacity.

RDLR: A Robust Deep Learning-Based Image Registration Method for Pediatric Retinal Images.

Retinal diseases stand as a primary cause of childhood blindness. Analyzing the progression of these diseases requires close attention to lesion morphology and spatial information. Standard image registration methods fail to accurately reconstruct pediatric fundus images containing significant distortion and blurring.

Altered chromatin topologies caused by balanced chromosomal translocation lead to central iris hypoplasia.

Despite the advent of genomic sequencing, molecular diagnosis remains unsolved in approximately half of patients with Mendelian disorders, largely due to unclarified functions of noncoding regions and the difficulty in identifying complex structural variations. In this study, we map a unique form of central iris hypoplasia in a large family to 6q15-q23.3 and 18p11.

Cellular structural and functional imaging of donor and pathological corneas with label-free dual-mode full-field optical coherence tomography.

In this study, a dual-mode full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) was customized for label-free static and dynamic imaging of corneal tissues, including donor grafts and pathological specimens. Static images effectively depict relatively stable structures such as stroma, scar, and nerve fibers, while dynamic images highlight cells with active intracellular metabolism, specifically for corneal epithelial cells. The dual-mode images complementarily demonstrate the 3D microstructural features of the cornea and limbus.

The burden, causes, and determinants of blindness and vision impairment in Asia: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Asia accounts for more than half of the world's population and carries a substantial proportion of the global burden of blindness and vision impairment. Characterising this burden, as well as its causes and determinants, could help with devising targeted interventions for reducing the occurrence of blindness and visual impairment.

Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database, we retrieved data on the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); crude and age-standardised rates; and the prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals (95%UIs)) of blindness and vision loss due to six causes (age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, near-vision impairment, refractive error, and other vision loss) for Asian countries for the period between 1990 and 2019.

Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures with cystoid macular edema: a case report.

Background: Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) are newly characterized lesions wedged around the optic discs, which used to be misdiagnosed. Better understanding and identifying PHOMS are important for monitoring the condition of optic nerve.

Case Presentation: A young female presented to the ophthalmic clinic with blurred vision of both eyes.

IGF2BP2 Maintains Retinal Pigment Epithelium Homeostasis by Stabilizing PAX6 and OTX2.

Purpose: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is a chemical modification that occurs on RNA molecules, where the hydrogen atom of adenine (A) nucleotides is replaced by a methyl group, forming N6-methyladenosine. This modification is a dynamic and reversible process that plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, including RNA stability, transport, translation, and degradation. Currently, there is a lack of research on the role of m6A modifications in maintaining the characteristics of RPE cells.

Characteristics of Retinal Vascular Degeneration and the Expression of Vessel-Related Claudin Proteins in Retinal Degeneration Mouse.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of retinal vascular degeneration and the expression of vessel-related claudin (CLD) proteins in retinal degeneration mouse (Pde6βrd1/rd1 rd1 mouse).

Methods: Retinas from wild-type (WT) mice and rd1 mice at postnatal day 3 (P3), P5, P8, P11, P13, P15, P18, and P21 were collected. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess the retinal vascular plexus, cell proliferation, CLD expression, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Repeated Low-Level Red Light Therapy for Myopia Control in High Myopia Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness and safety of repeated low-level red light (RLRL), which is a newly available treatment for myopia control in children and adolescents with high myopia.

Design: Multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, single-blind clinical trial (randomized controlled trial; NCT05184621).

Participants: Between February 2021 and April 2022, 192 children aged 6 to 16 years were enrolled.

Comprehensive genetic analysis uncovers the mutational spectrum of MFRP and its genotype-phenotype correlation in a large cohort of Chinese microphthalmia patients.

Purpose: Microphthalmia is a severe congenital ocular disease featured by abnormal ocular development. The aim of this study was to detail the genetic and clinical characteristics of a large cohort of Chinese patients with microphthalmia related to MFRP variants, focusing on uncovering genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods: Fifty microphthalmia patients from 44 unrelated Chinese families were recruited.

A comparison of hemodynamic measurement methods during orthotopic liver transplantation: evaluating agreement and trending ability of PiCCO versus pulmonary artery catheter techniques.

Background: Significant hemodynamic changes occur during liver transplantation, emphasizing the importance of precious and continuous monitoring of cardiac output, cardiac index, and other parameters. Although the monitoring of cardiac output by pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) was statistically homogeneous compared to the clinical gold standard pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) in previous studies of liver transplantation, there are fewer statistical methods for the assessment of its conclusions, and a lack of comparisons of other hemodynamic parameters (e.g.

Effect of intraocular pressure reduction on progressive high myopia (PHM study): study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: In adult patients with high myopia (HM), progressive axial elongation poses a significant risk for the development of subsequent ocular complications that may lead to visual impairment. Effective strategies to reduce or prevent further axial elongation in highly myopic adult patients have not been available so far. Recent studies suggested that medically lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) may reduce axial elongation.

Protective effects of curcumin on corneal endothelial cell PANoptosis and monocyte adhesion induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in rats.

Decrease of human corneal endothelial cell (CEC) density leads to corneal edema, progressive corneal opacity, and reduced visual acuity. A reduction in CEC density may be related to elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (INF)-γ. PANoptosis, characterized by the activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, could be a factor in the loss of CECs driven by TNF-α and INF-γ.

Impact of Online Video Game-Based Dichoptic Training on Binocular Vision Rehabilitation in Post-surgical Patients with Intermittent Exotropia.

Introduction: Dichoptic training has emerged as a promising rehabilitation approach for improving binocular visual function in patients with strabismus. A prospective observational study design was employed to assess the effectiveness of online video game-based dichoptic training in rehabilitating binocular visual function in patients who had undergone an operation for intermittent exotropia.

Methods: A total of 64 patients who had undergone an operation for intermittent exotropia were recruited and divided into the training group and the control group based on whether they would receive the dichoptic training.

Towards regulatory generative AI in ophthalmology healthcare: a security and privacy perspective.

As the healthcare community increasingly harnesses the power of generative artificial intelligence (AI), critical issues of security, privacy and regulation take centre stage. In this paper, we explore the security and privacy risks of generative AI from model-level and data-level perspectives. Moreover, we elucidate the potential consequences and case studies within the domain of ophthalmology.

A novel function and mechanism of ischemia-induced retinal astrocyte-derived exosomes for RGC apoptosis of ischemic retinopathy.

Retinal ischemia is a common clinical event leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, resulting in irreversible vision loss. In the retina, glia-neuron communication is crucial for multiple functions and homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles, notably exosomes, play a critical role.