Sarcopenia and frailty among older Chinese adults: Findings from the CHARLS study.

Background: Sarcopenia and frailty are common among elderly individuals and present substantial health hazards. Exploring their relationship is essential for optimizing geriatric healthcare, particularly within the context of China.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional design was employed using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Effect and mechanism of GPR75 in metabolic dysfunction-related steatosis liver disease.

Research on G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) in metabolic dysfunction-related steatosis liver disease (MASLD) reveals its potential role in regulating body weight and energy balance. Loss-of-function mutations in the GPR75 gene are significantly associated with lower body mass index and reduced body weight. Studies demonstrate that GPR75 knockout mice exhibit lower fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose homeostasis, and significant prevention of high-fat diet-induced MASLD.

Conjoint transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses provide insights into the toxicity of acetamiprid to Lethenteron reissneri larvae.

The neonicotinoid pesticide acetamiprid has been widely used in agricultural pest control and was frequently detected in the water environment. There have been some studies of the toxic effects of acetamiprid on fish, but studies on aquatic lower vertebrates are still very limited. As a primitive jawless vertebrate, Lethenteron reissneri has a special position in evolution and is now listed as a national second level protected animal in China.

RIP3 orchestrates oxidative stress and pyroptosis in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through regulation of AKT/Nrf2 signaling cascade.

This study was designed to explore the role of RIP3 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that RIP3 exacerbates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through promoting oxidative stress and pyroptosis by regulating the AKT/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway. Inhibition of RIP3 using GSK-872 attenuated DOX-induced cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction.

Regulation of Sirtuins in Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Damage: The Underlying Mechanisms for Cardioprotection.

Sepsis is defined as "a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection". Although the treatment of sepsis has evolved rapidly in the last few years, the morbidity and mortality of sepsis in clinical treatment are still climbing. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a highly conserved family of histone deacetylation involved in energy metabolism.

Effect of transvaginal Lactobacillus supplementation on reversing lower genital tract dysbiosis and improving perinatal outcomes in PCOS patients after IVF-FET: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Significant lower genital tract (LGT) dysbiosis and an associated lower rate of clinical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-frozen embryo transfer (IVF-FET) among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have been previously reported by our group. We aimed to assess whether transvaginal Lactobacillus supplementation can reverse LGT dysbiosis and further improve perinatal outcomes in PCOS patients after IVF-FET.

Methods/design: This is a protocol for a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial in China.

NAD: A key metabolic regulator with great therapeutic potential for myocardial infarction via Sirtuins family.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the complex phenotypes of coronary artery disease, which results from the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is an important cofactor regulating metabolic homeostasis and a rate-limiting substrate for sirtuin (SIRT) deacetylase. Numerous NAD studies have shown that it can be used as an anti-MI treatment.

The distribution of somatic symptom disorder and bodily distress syndrome in general hospital outpatients in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and bodily distress syndrome (BDS) and analyze the differences in psychosocial characteristics of patients with the two diagnoses.

Methods: A total of 694 general hospital outpatients completed the diagnostic interviews for SSD and BDS, and a set of questionnaires evaluating their psychosocial characteristics. A secondary analysis of these data is done.

Chimeric CNS-targeting-peptide engineered exosomes for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis therapy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes demyelination, neuronal damage and white matter loss, but there is still no known cure. Exosomes are 30-200 nm-sized double-layered membrane vesicles that can easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells（UMSCs） have been found to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through the action of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, but its clinical translation has been hampered by their inefficacious accumulation in CNS.

A Chronic Multiple Site of Scrofuloderma: Is It Reactivation or Treatment Failure of Tuberculosis?

We report a case of 32-year-old patient who presented with painless erythematous plaque gradually ulcerated for 9 years. He had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis 12 years ago and was cured by the treatment of 2HRZE/4HR. The laboratory examination of t-spot and PPD skin test was positive.

Prevalence and spectrum of cancer predisposition germline mutations in young patients with the common late-onset cancers.

Background: Pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) can play a vital role in the oncogenesis process in carriers. Previous studies have recognized that PGVs contribute to early onset of tumorigenesis in certain cancer types, for example, colorectal cancer and breast cancer. However, the reported prevalence data of cancer-associated PGVs were highly inconsistent due to nonuniform patient cohorts, sequencing methods, and prominent difficulties in pathogenicity interpretation of variants.

Differences in psychometric characteristics of outpatients with somatic symptom disorder from general hospital biomedical (neurology/gastroenterology), traditional Chinese medicine, and psychosomatic settings.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric characteristics of outpatients diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in biomedical, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and psychosomatic settings.

Materials And Methods: A total of 697 participants who completed SCID-5 and questionnaires were presented in our former study, as 3 of them had missed questionnaire data, a total of 694 participants are presented in this study. A secondary analysis of the psychometric characteristics of Somatic Symptom Disorder-B Criteria Scale (SSD-12), Somatic Symptom Severity Scale of the Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is done to compare differences among outpatients from the three settings of medical specialties.

Comparative analysis of automatic segmentation of esophageal cancer using 3D Res-UNet on conventional and 40-keV virtual mono-energetic CT Images: a retrospective study.

Objectives: To assess the performance of 3D Res-UNet for fully automated segmentation of esophageal cancer (EC) and compare the segmentation accuracy between conventional images (CI) and 40-keV virtual mono-energetic images (VMI).

Methods: Patients underwent spectral CT scanning and diagnosed of EC by operation or gastroscope biopsy in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All artery spectral base images were transferred to the dedicated workstation to generate VMI and CI.

Multi-target landmark detection with incomplete images via reinforcement learning and shape prior embedding.

Medical images are generally acquired with limited field-of-view (FOV), which could lead to incomplete regions of interest (ROI), and thus impose a great challenge on medical image analysis. This is particularly evident for the learning-based multi-target landmark detection, where algorithms could be misleading to learn primarily the variation of background due to the varying FOV, failing the detection of targets. Based on learning a navigation policy, instead of predicting targets directly, reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods have the potential to tackle this challenge in an efficient manner.

Different exercise training intensities prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced myocardial injury in male mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) usually develop myocardial injury and that exercise may have a positive effect on cardiac function. However, the effect of exercise intensity on cardiac function has not yet been fully examined. This study aimed to explore different exercise intensities on T2DM-induced myocardial injury.

What factors will influence patients when choosing plastic surgeons? A behaviour analysis of Chinese patients.

Purpose: To analyze the factors that patients consider when choosing plastic surgeons and investigate patients' attitudes toward physicians' aesthetic ability and their adherence toward same-gender physicians.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All patients who presented for evaluation and management between January and April 2022 were eligible for study enrolment.

Biomimetic liposomal nanozymes improve breast cancer chemotherapy with enhanced penetration and alleviated hypoxia.

Background: Doxorubicin (Dox) has been recommended in clinical guidelines for the standard-of-care treatment of breast cancer. However, Dox therapy faces challenges such as hypoxia, acidosis, HO-rich conditions and condensed extracellular matrix in TME as well as low targeted ability.

Methods: We developed a nanosystem H-MnO-Dox-Col NPs based on mesoporous manganese dioxide (H-MnO) in which Dox was loaded in the core and collagenase (Col) was wrapped in the surface.

An exploratory human study of superstable homogeneous lipiodol-indocyanine green formulation for precise surgical navigation in liver cancer.

The clinical applications of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) conversion therapy combined with hepatectomy have been severely restricted by ill-defined tumoral boundaries and miniscule hidden lesions. Fluorescent surgical navigation is a promising method for overcoming these barriers. However, sufficient delivery of the fluorescent probe into the tumor region after long-term TAE is challenging due to blockade of the tumor-supplying artery.

Mechanism of CD38 via NAD in the Development of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally, and it can proceed to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and other complications, resulting in a massive economic burden. At the moment, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is thought to be a possible treatment target for NAFLD, besides Cluster of differentiation 38(CD38) is the primary NAD degrading enzyme in mammals and may play a role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. For example, CD38 regulates Sirtuin 1 activity and hence affects inflammatory responses.

Concerns about and stimuli of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among diverse occupational groups in metropolitan areas of China: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to identify concerns and stimuli regarding COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and to compare the findings by occupation.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 between 1 April and 30 June 2021 in four metropolitan areas of China. A total of 20 863 participants completed questionnaires, 20 767 of which were eligible for analysis.