Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase expression and enzymatic properties of Fusariumgraminearum.

This study presents an exhaustive characterization of the enzymatic attributes and structural properties of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) derived from Fusarium graminearum. Enzyme activity was evaluated through a meticulously designed enzymatic assay. The findings indicate that the molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 99.

Conjunctive BSA-Seq and BSR-Seq to Map the Genes of Yellow Leaf Mutations in Hot Peppers ( L.).

Yellow leaf mutations have been widely used to study the chloroplast structures, the pigment synthesis, the photosynthesis mechanisms and the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways across various species. For this study, a spontaneous mutant with the yellow leaf color named 96-140YBM was employed to explore the primary genetic elements that lead to the variations in the leaf color of hot peppers. To identify the pathways and genes associated with yellow leaf phenotypes, we applied sequencing-based Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA-Seq) combined with BSR-Seq.

Introgression of OsAP47 by marker-assisted selection enhanced resistance against southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease.

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (SRBSDVD) is the most destructive viral disease in rice. In order to breeding resistant cultivars, Insertion-Deletion (InDel) markers were developed linked to OsAP47, the first isolated major resistance gene against SRBSDVD. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was conducted to introduce this gene into the commercial variety.

Yield components affected by rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease in rice cultivars with different resistance levels.

Introduction: Rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (RBSDVD) is one of the most destructive rice viral diseases, leading to severe yield losses in rice production. However, little is known about the yield-related components associated with the disease and no resistance cultivars have been successfully used in rice breeding.

Methods: Seven rice cultivars were analyzed in this study, including six commercial rice varieties and a new line Zhongjian No.

Heterologous Expression of a Ferritin Homologue Gene from Enhances Plant Tolerance to Iron Toxicity and HO Stress in .

In plants, ferritin proteins play an important role in iron (Fe) storage which contributes to plant growth and development. However, the biological functions of ferritins in fruit trees are essentially unknown. In this study, three genes were isolated from 'Zhentong No.

Increasing soil Mn abundance promotes the dissolution and oxidation of Cr(III) and increases the accumulation of Cr in rice grains.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is more readily taken up by plants than trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) due to its similar chemical structure to phosphate and sulfate. In paddy soils, Cr(VI) of natural origin are mainly produced from Cr(III) oxidized by O and Mn(III/IV) oxides, which are affected by rice radial oxygen loss (ROL) and Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms (MOM). However, little is known about the effect of ROL and Mn abundance on rice Cr uptake.

Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Mined in Whole Grape Genomes.

SSR (simple sequence repeat) DNA markers are widely used for genotype DNA identification, QTL mapping, and analyzing genetic biodiversity. However, SSRs in grapes are still in their early stages, with a few primer pairs accessible. With the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of several grape varieties, characterization of grape SSR changed to be necessary not only to genomics but to also help SSR development and utility.

Impact of elderly gastrointestinal alterations on gastric emptying and enzymatic hydrolysis of skim milk: An in vitro study using a dynamic stomach system.

This study aimed to evaluate gastric emptying and enzymatic hydrolysis of skim milk using a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal system mimicking digestive conditions in young adult and elderly individuals. The gastric emptying half-time was 22.5 and 26.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Shaker-Type K Channel Genes in (L.) Batsch.

Shaker-type K channels are critical for plant K acquisition and translocation that play key roles during plant growth and development. However, molecular mechanisms towards K channels are extremely rare in fruit trees, especially in peach. In this study, we identified 7 putative shaker-type K channel genes from peach, which were unevenly distributed on 5 chromosomes.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Brassica oleracea var. italica and phylogenetic relationships in Brassicaceae.

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is an important B. oleracea cultivar, with high economic and agronomic value.

An aspartic protease 47 causes quantitative recessive resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease and southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease.

Rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (RBSDVD) and southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (SRBSDVD) are the most destructive viral diseases in rice. Progress is limited in breeding due to lack of resistance resource and inadequate knowledge on the underlying functional gene. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay analyses, RNA-sequencing, and genome editing, we identified a highly RBSDVD-resistant variety and its first functional gene.

Chemiluminescence microarray immunoassay for multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics based on carbon nanotube-assisted signal amplification.

The simultaneous determination of multiple analytes has been an urgent demand in screening of antibiotic residues in food products of animal origin due to its higher analysis efficiency. Five aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) have been monitored in milk, including gentamicin (GEN), kanamycin (KAN), neomycin (NEO), and streptomycin/dihydrostreptomycin (STR/diSTR). A chemiluminescence microarray immunoassay (CLMIA) based on nitrocellulose membrane had been developed for the detection of multiple AGAs, which the LODs for STR, KAN, NEO, and GEN were 4.

Response of soil microbiome structure and its network profiles to four soil amendments in monocropping strawberry greenhouse.

With the constant surge of strawberry cultivation and human demand, widespread concern has been expressed about the severe soil and plant health problems caused by continuous strawberry cropping, particularly monocropping in greenhouses. Effective microorganisms (EM) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) have been extensively commercialized as biological control agents (BCAs) to promote plant growth and yield enhancement. However, their effects on soil microbes are obscure.

Predominant wheat-alien chromosome translocations in newly developed wheat of China.

Unlabelled: Founder wheat lines have played key role in Chinese wheat improvement. Wheat- translocation T6VS·6AL has been widely used in wheat breeding in recent years due to its high level of powdery mildew resistance and other beneficial genes. Reference oligo-nucleotide multiplex probe (ONMP)-FISH karyotypes of six T6VS·6AL donor lines were developed and used for characterizing 32 derivative cultivars and lines.

Seed dressing with triflumezopyrim controls brown planthopper populations by inhibiting feeding behavior, fecundity and enhancing rice plant resistance.

Background: Triflumezopyrim (TFM), a novel mesoionic insecticide, has high efficiency at a low dosage, and is mainly used to control hopper species. A previous study demonstrated that seed dressing with TFM effectively controlled rice planthopper populations in mechanically transplanted rice fields; however, mode of action for control was unclear.

Results: The study shows that seed dressing with TFM resulted in elevated levels of oxalic acid, flavonoids, phenolic substances, callose and other compounds associated with Nilaparvata lugens resistance in rice plants, and low TFM residue content in rice plant stem and grain.

Heterosis-associated genes confer high yield in super hybrid rice.

Heterosis QTLs, including qSS7 and qHD8, with dominance effects were identified through GBS and large-scale phenotyping of CSSLs and hybrid F populations in a paddy field. Heterosis has contributed immensely to agricultural production, but its genetic basis is unclear. We evaluated dominance effects by creating two hybrid populations: a B-homo set with a homozygous background and heterozygous chromosomal segments and a B-heter set with a heterozygous background and homozygous segments.

Fine mapping of wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm6 using 2B/2G homoeologous recombinants induced by the ph1b mutant.

Using the ph1b mutant, the recombination frequency between the homoeologous region of 2B and 2G was significantly increased. By this, we narrowed Pm6 to a 0.9 Mb physical region.

Differential expression of photosynthesis-related genes in pentaploid interspecific hybrid and its decaploid of Fragaria spp.

Polyploidization always induces a series of changes in genome, transcriptome and epigenetics, of which changes in gene expression are the immediate causes of genotype alterations of polyploid plants. In our previous study on strawberry polyploidization, genes related to photosynthesis were found to undergo changes in gene expression and DNA methylation. Therefore, we chose 11 genes that were closely related to plant photosynthesis and analysed their expression during strawberry hybridization and chromosome doubling.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of strawberry ( × Duch.) and comparison with related species of Rosaceae.

Compared with other members of the family Rosaceae, the chloroplast genomes of species exhibit low variation, and this situation has limited phylogenetic analyses; thus, complete chloroplast genome sequencing of species is needed. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of . ×  'Benihoppe' using the Illumina HiSeq 2500-PE150 platform and then performed a combination of assembly and reference-guided mapping of contigs to generate complete chloroplast genome sequences.

Accumulating pathways of γ-aminobutyric acid during anaerobic and aerobic sequential incubations in fresh tea leaves.

The roles of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt and polyamine (PA) degradation pathway on GABA accumulation were investigated in fresh tea leaves under anaerobic and aerobic sequential incubations. The GABA accumulation was mainly completed in the first anaerobic incubation through the interaction of the GABA shunt with the PA degradation pathway. When treated with aminoguanidine, the diamine oxidase and polyamine oxidase activities were almost completely inhibited, and the GABA contents decreased by 40.

Does oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) made from a combination of leaf and stem smell more aromatic than leaf-only tea? Contribution of the stem to oolong tea aroma.

The raw materials used to make oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) are a combination of leaf and stem. Oolong tea made from leaf and stem is thought to have a more aromatic smell than leaf-only tea. However, there is no available evidence to support the viewpoint.

Characterizing and marker-assisting a novel chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) yellow bud mutant with cytoplasmic male sterility.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in pepper is a better way to produce hybrid seeds compared to manual production. We used the two sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (CRF-SCAR and CMS-SCAR) in CMS pepper, to identify the genotype. We assembled two CMS yellow bud mutants (YBM; YBM12-A and YBM12-B).

Fitness and Competitive Ability of Alternaria alternata Field Isolates with Resistance to SDHI, QoI, and MBC Fungicides.

Field isolates of Alternaria alternata from peach were previously characterized for their sensitivity to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides and the underlying molecular basis of resistance was determined. In the present study, we report that isolates resistant to the SDHI fungicide boscalid, regardless of genotype, were also resistant to pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl. Resistance to pyraclostrobin was due to the G143A mutation in cytochrome b and resistance to thiophanate-methyl was due to 167Y in β-tubulin.

Influence of micronization on improving phytoestrogenic effects of wheat bran.

The influence of micronization on improving the phytoestrogenic effects of wheat bran was studied. Wheat bran samples were prepared by ball milling, and an animal experiment was carried out by feeding 8-month-old female rats wheat bran. The effect of wheat bran samples on serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels of female 8-month-old rats was investigated.