Artificial intelligence for opportunistic osteoporosis screening with a Hounsfield Unit in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Introduction: To investigate the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) prototype in determining bone mineral density (BMD) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using chest computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methodology: This study involved 1276 health checkups and 1877 COPD patients who underwent chest CT scans from April 2020 to December 2021. Automated identification, segmentation, and Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurement of the thoracic vertebrae were performed using the musculoskeletal module of the AI-Rad Companion Chest CT (Siemens Healthineers, Er langen, Germany).

Supramolecular dye self-assembly mediated by host-guest interactions for the sensitive and portable detection of pyrene derivatives in environmental samples and urine.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially pyrene, are hazardous pollutants with serious health risks. Effective detection methods for PAHs are essential for environmental monitoring. In this study, we construct a simple, efficient method to detect pyrene derivatives in water.

Dual selective fusion transformer network for hyperspectral image classification.

Transformer has achieved satisfactory results in the field of hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, existing Transformer models face two key challenges when dealing with HSI scenes characterized by diverse land cover types and rich spectral information: (1) A fixed receptive field overlooks the effective contextual scales required by various HSI objects; (2) invalid self-attention features in context fusion affect model performance. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Dual Selective Fusion Transformer Network (DSFormer) for HSI classification.

Interfacial Properties and Visualization of Emulsions Stabilized by Temperature-Triggered Bovine Bone High-Temperature Hydrolysate.

Temperature is an important factor affecting the stability of emulsified products. This study explored how the typical temperatures in the industry (55, 70, and 85 °C) influence the stability of bovine bone high-temperature hydrolysate emulsion by modulating the interfacial properties. The results showed that heat treatment at 70 °C could improve the interfacial properties.

Synergistic Catalysts for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Ni Single Atom and MoC Nanoclusters Composites.

The practical application of sulfur (S) cathodes in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is hindered by the shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. Addressing these challenges requires advanced catalytic host materials capable of trapping LiPSs and accelerating Li-S redox reactions. However, single-site catalysts struggle to effectively mediate the complex multi-step and multi-phase sulfur conversion processes.

DNA/RNA Origami Based on Different Scaffolds and Their Biomedical Applications.

Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, have been used extensively as building blocks to construct sophisticated nanostructures through complementary base pairing with predetermined shapes and sizes. With remarkable biocompatibility, spatial addressability, and structural programmability, self-assembled nucleic acid biomaterials have found widespread applications in various biomedical researches, including drug delivery, bioimaging, or disease diagnosis. Notably, as one of the representative nanostructures, DNA origami has drawn much attention.

Ultrasound-Assisted H Transmitter Enables Hydrogen-Gene Therapy to Prevent Anesthesia/Surgery-Induced Cognitive Impairment.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) frequently occurs after surgery, resulting in extended hospitalizations, higher healthcare expenses, and potential long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its significant impact, effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for POCD are still lacking. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of POCD.

A Report of Primary Pyogenic Ventriculitis Caused by Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing.

Background: Primary ventriculitis is a rare but serious brain infection characterized by inflammation of the ependyma and purulence within the ventricular system. Due to the challenges in early diagnosis and the potential for suboptimal treatment, this condition carries a significant risk of complications such as recurrence, hydrocephalus, and death. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) enables the rapid and broad-spectrum identification of pathogens, facilitating timely and precise diagnosis.

The impact of allergic contact dermatitis on the inflammatory response and repair in wound healing process.

Background: Skin trauma and the subsequent wound healing process present significant challenges for healthcare systems and patients globally. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction that can disrupt the normal wound repair process due to prolonged inflammation and immune dysregulation. However, the specific impact of ACD on the inflammatory response and repair in wound healing remains incompletely understood.

A multicenter, real-world cohort study: effectiveness and safety of Azvudine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pre-existing diabetes.

Introduction: During the Omicron infection wave, diabetic patients are susceptible to COVID-19, which is linked to a poor prognosis. However, research on the real-world effectiveness and safety of Azvudine, a common medication for COVID-19, is insufficient in those with pre-existing diabetes.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 32,864 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from 9 hospitals in Henan Province.

Breastfeeding trajectory of mothers of preterm infants within 6 months postpartum: A longitudinal study.

Background: Breast milk is the nutrient of choice for preterm infants. The World Health Organization has set a target of ensuring by 2030 that 70 % of infants younger than age 6 months are exclusively breastfed. The breastfeeding status of mothers of preterm infants is far below that target.

Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the therapeutic effect of tDCS on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods: From the start of the library's construction until June 24, 2024, we searched the following databases for literature: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). We also looked through the references in the articles.

Ergothioneine attenuates psoriasis symptoms through modulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarisation via the NF-κB/JAK-STAT3 pathway.

Introduction: The underlying cause of psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition driven by an immune response, remains a topic of active investigation and is not yet fully elucidated. Recent studies have revealed that ergothioneine, a small molecule sulfur-containing histidine derivative that can be ingested from the daily diet and accumulated in the body, exhibits antioxidant capacity that is comparable to that of glutathione. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of empirical data concerning the precise impact of ergothioneine in the context of anti-inflammatory processes, particularly in the context of psoriasis.

Efficacy and prognosis biomarker of locally advanced ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Introduction: Immunotherapy has rapidly advanced in tumor treatment. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), its use in neoadjuvant therapy has shown promising results. Several phase III clinical trials have confirmed that immunodetection site inhibitors in neoadjuvant therapy can enhance the pathologically complete response (pCR) rate.

Molecular insights into TT2-type MYB regulators illuminate the complexity of floral flavonoids biosynthesis in .

Proanthocyanidins (PAs), anthocyanins, and flavonols are key flavonoids that play diverse roles in plant physiology and human health. Despite originating from a shared biosynthetic pathway, the regulatory mechanisms of PA biosynthesis and the cooperative regulation of different kinds of flavonoids remain elusive, particularly in flower tissues or organs. Here, we elucidated the regulatory network governing PA biosynthesis in 'Red River®' by characterizing four TT2-type MYB transcription factors, designated FhMYBPAs.

A chromosome-level reference genome facilitates the discovery of clubroot-resistant gene in Chinese cabbage.

includes a variety of important vegetable and oilseed crops, yet it is significantly challenged by clubroot disease. Notably, the majority of genotypes of with published genomes exhibit high susceptibility to clubroot disease. The present study presents a high-quality chromosome-level sequence of the genome of the DH40 clubroot-resistant (CR) line, a doubled haploid line derived from the hybrid progeny of a European turnip (ECD01) and two lines of Chinese cabbage.

Bibliometric analysis of global research on the clinical applications of aminoglycoside antibiotics: improving efficacy and decreasing risk.

Background: Infections by drug-resistant bacteria are a significant threat to human health worldwide although many drug-resistant bacteria are sensitive to aminoglycosides (AGs), an older class of antibiotics. AGs have played a significant role in clinical practice in recent years.

Methods: Publications from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2023 that described clinical research of AGs were identified by searching the Web of Science Core Collection Database.

Multi-omics analysis unravels the dynamics of flavor profile in 'Queen Nina' berries and the regulatory mechanism underlying volatile esters.

'Queen Nina' is a popular grape variety, but the fruit flavor profile and its evolution and regulatory mechanism remain unclear. The flavor profile of 'Queen Nina' was systematically investigated by analyzing the soluble sugars, organic acids, free amino acids, and aroma volatiles at 6 different stages. A total of 55 aroma volatiles were identified, with esters being the predominant volatiles in mature berries.

Study on preparation and performance of cement-stabilized macadam containing ground sludge gasification slag (GSGS).

Traditional cement-based road materials face problems of high energy consumption and carbon emissions, and the use of activated solid waste as a substitute for cementitious materials has been applied in road engineering. Sludge gasification slag (SGS), a product obtained from the pyrolysis and gasification of sludge, is a typical silicon-aluminum-rich solid waste that exhibits good compatibility with alkaline activation systems due to its potential activity. This study focuses on the component reconstruction mechanism of SGS in alkali-activated materials, employing cement (P) and carbide slag (CS) for synergistic modification, exploring the mechanism for enhancing the cementitious properties of sludge gasification slag under multi-component mixing conditions, and verifying its feasibility for use in cement-stabilized macadam.

Unveiling Ion-Pairing and Anion Dual Charge Carrier in Ca-Organic Batteries.

Calcium-organic batteries offer sustainable energy storage with high voltage, yet their reaction mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a hidden dual-ion charge storage mechanism is unveiled in poly(anthraquinone imide) (PAQI) using Ca(TFSI)₂/ether-based electrolytes, challenging the conventional Ca⁺-only storage model. It is demonstrated that Ca⁺-TFSI⁻ ion pairs co-bind to carbonyl groups during the first electron transfer, followed by TFSI⁻ dissociation to activate adjacent carbonyl sites in the second step-a process reversible upon charging.

Synergistic effect of corn straw and mulberry leaves fermantation in vitro and effects on growth performance and antioxidant capacity of sheep.

This study was to determine the synergistic effect of corn straw and mulberry leaves in sheep diet. Corn straw and mulberry leaves were mixed as culture substrate for six groups: 100:0 (T0), 80:20 (T20), 60:40 (T40), 40: 60 (T60), 20:80 (T80) and 0:100 (T100). The in vitro culture indicated that mulberry leaves exhibited a positive correlation with theoretical gas production (GP), cumulative GP, microbial crude protein concentration, and organic matter digestibility.

Theoretical Studies on the Competing Mechanism and Origin of Diastereoselectivity of NHC-Catalyzed Intramolecular [3 + 2] Annulations of Ynals.

Chiral tricyclic 6,5,5-fused rings exhibit structural diversity and possess important biological activities in the synthesis of natural products. However, predicting the possible mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity in these reactions remains a challenge. In this article, we conducted a theoretical investigation into the NHC-catalyzed intramolecular [3 + 2] annulations of ynals to generate tricyclic 6,5,5-fused rings.

HOXB4/METTL7B cascade mediates malignant phenotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma through TKT m6A modification.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a fatal malignancy that lacking specific therapies. Homeobox B4 (HOXB4) was negatively correlated with poor prognosis in cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been elucidated.

Results: We confirmed that HOXB4 was downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and lower HOXB4 expression associated with poor prognosis.

E3 ligase HERC5-catalyzed UGDH isgylation promotes SNAI1-mediated tumor metastasis and cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide due to its high aggressive potential and drug resistance. Previous studies have revealed an important function of HECT And RLD Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 5 (HERC5) in cancer. Six GEO gene microarrays identified HERC5 as a significant upregulated gene in OSCC tissues or cells (log2 Fold change > 1 and adj.