Efficient conversion of corn straw to feed protein through solid-state fermentation using a thermophilic microbial consortium.

Solid-state fermentation of lignocellulosic waste to produce feed protein is a means of realising solid waste. However, low efficiency and susceptibility to microbial contamination remain significant challenges in feed protein production through room-temperature solid-state fermentation. In this study, thermophilic microbiomes were enriched.

Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory proteins mediated larval invasion via inducing gut epithelial apoptosis and barrier disruption.

Background: Intestinal larva invasion is a crucial step of Trichinella spiralis infection. Intestinal infective larvae (IIL) and their excretory/secretory proteins (ESP) interact with gut epithelium, which often results in gut epithelium barrier injuries. Previous studies showed when T.

Investigation of biometabolites and novel antimicrobial peptides derived from promising source Cordyceps militaris and effect of non-small cell lung cancer genes computationally.

Mushrooms are considered one of the safe and effective medications because they have great economic importance due to countless biological properties. Cordyceps militaris contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-cancerous properties. This study was projected to analyze the potentials of biometabolites and to extract antimicrobial peptides and protein from the C.

Compressed Sensing-Based Cine-MRI for Location of Dysphagia and Swallowing Function assessment in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Comparative Study.

Cine magnetic resonance imaging (Cine-MRI) may evaluate the swallowing function and locations of patients with dysphagia, which requires very fast imaging speed. Compressed sensing is a technique that allows for faster MRI imaging by sampling fewer data points and reconstructing the image via optimization techniques, crucial for capturing the rapid movements involved in swallowing. This study aimed to analyze swallowing function and locations in patients with head and neck cancer and healthy individuals using Cine-MRI based on compressed sensing.

Friction Reduction and Antiwear Mechanisms of Cerium Sulfide Nanosheets under Different Sliding Conditions.

With the rapid development of modern industry, traditional lubricants often require a variety of additives to be used in conjunction with each other, which not only increases the cost but also causes a waste of resources. Therefore, the development of a lubricant additive with both a dyeing function and an antiwear and friction reduction performance can more effectively meet the industrial needs. Cerium sulfide (CeS), with its excellent photostability, weather resistance, thermal stability, and nontoxicity, shows great potential as an environmentally friendly pigment.

Template-Thermally Induced Phase Separation-Assisted Microporous Regulation in Poly(lactic acid) Aerogel for Sustainable Radiative Cooling.

Herein, an eco-friendly and degradable poly(lactic acid) aerogel was prepared by combining a poly(ethylene glycol) template material with thermally induced phase separation. Due to the tailored pore size introduced by the template material, the aerogel exhibits high solar reflectance (92.0%), excellent thermal emittance (90.

Rapid Synthesis of Primary Amides Using Ammonia Borane.

We report the rapid synthesis of primary amides by directly using commercially available ammonia borane (NH·BH), sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS), and esters. The success of this protocol relies on NH·BH as the nitrogen source being considerably more convenient and NaHMDS being an excellent proton abstractor but not participating in the nucleophilic addition reaction. The reaction had a wide substrate scope containing bioactive molecules, and most of the substrates were efficiently amidated over 90% yields.

Ofatumumab successfully treats myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease accompanied by Epstein-Barr viral infection: a case series.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) caused by pathogenic immunoglobulin G antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nerve system (CNS). The clinical phenotypes of MOGAD include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, and transverse myelitis. At present, the mechanism underlying the disease is unknown.

Pseudoprogression in CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumor: Case report.

We reported the pseudoprogression in an elderly patient with advanced gastric cancer after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. The hepatic metastases enlarged 1 month after CAR-T cell infusion and then shrunk the next month as seen through computed tomography scanning. Based on a comprehensive evaluation that includes imaging, pathology, serum tumor markers, and clinical symptoms, we arrived at a diagnosis of pseudoprogression after CAR-T cell therapy, which has not been reported in previous studies.

Deciphering olfactory receptor binding mechanisms: a structural and dynamic perspective on olfactory receptors.

Olfactory receptors, classified as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), have been a subject of scientific inquiry since the early 1950s. Historically, investigations into the sensory mechanisms of olfactory receptors were often confined to behavioral characteristics in model organisms or the expression of related proteins and genes. However, with the development of cryo-electron microscopy techniques, it has gradually become possible to decipher the specific structures of olfactory receptors in insects and humans.

Activity and stability origin of core-shell catalysts: unignorable atomic diffusion behavior.

The exceptional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances of core-shell catalysts are well documented, yet their activity and durability origins have been interpreted only based on the static structures. Herein we employ a NiFe alloy coated with a nitrogen-doped graphene-based carbon shell (NiFe@NC) as a model system to elucidate the active structure and stability mechanism for the ORR and OER by combining constant potential computations, molecular dynamic simulations, and experiments. The results reveal that the synergistic effects between the alloy core and carbon shell facilitate the formation of Fe-N-C active sites and replenish metal sites when central metal atoms detach.

Unphysiological lung strain promotes ventilation-induced lung injury via activation of the PECAM-1/Src/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Introduction: In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation often leads to ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), which is attributed to unphysiological lung strain (UPLS) in respiratory dynamics. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), a transmembrane receptor, senses mechanical signals. The Src/STAT3 pathway plays a crucial role in the mechanotransduction network, concurrently triggering pyroptosis related inflammatory responses.

Ginsenoside Rh2 regulates triple-negative breast cancer proliferation and apoptosis via the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging subtype of breast cancer to treat. While previous studies have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis in TNBC cells, the specific molecular targets and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenoside Rh2 regulates apoptosis and proliferation in TNBC, offering new insights into its therapeutic potential.

Comparing circular and flexibly-shaped scan statistics for disease clustering detection.

The accuracy of spatial clustering detection is crucial for public health policy development and identifying etiological clues. Circular and flexibly-shaped scan statistics are widely used for disease cluster detection, but differences in results arise mainly due to parameter sensitivity and variations in the scanning window shapes. This study aims to analyze the impact of parameter settings on the results of these methods and compare their performance in disease clustering detection.

IDH-mutant glioma risk stratification via whole slide images: Identifying pathological feature associations.

This article aims to develop and validate a pathological prognostic model for predicting prognosis in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas and reveal the biological underpinning of the prognostic pathological features. The pathomic model was constructed based on whole slide images (WSIs) from a training set ( = 486) and evaluated on internal validation set ( = 209), HPPH validation set ( = 54), and TCGA validation set ( = 352). Biological implications of PathScore and individual pathomic features were identified by pathogenomics set ( = 100).

Progress in the Study of Intratumoral Microorganisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The intratumoral microbiota, an integral part of liver tumors, has garnered significant attention from researchers due to its role in tumor development regulation and impact on cancer treatment. Intratumoral microorganism not only influences tumorigenesis and progression, but also serves as potential biomarkers and targets for tumor therapy. Targeted manipulation of these microorganisms holds great promise for personalized liver cancer treatment.

A scATAC-seq atlas of stasis zone in rat skin burn injury wound process.

Burn injuries often leave behind a "stasis zone", a region of tissue critically important for determining both the severity of the injury and the potential for recovery. To understand the intricate cellular and epigenetic changes occurring within this critical zone, we utilized single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) to profile over 31,500 cells from both healthy rat skin and the stasis zone at nine different time points after a burn injury. This comprehensive approach revealed 26 distinct cell types and the dynamic shifts in the proportions of these cell types over time.

Genetic predisposition to Behcet's disease mediated by a IL10RA enhancer polymorphism.

Background: Several studies suggested the genetic association between IL10RA variants and susceptibility to Behcet's disease (BD). However, the precise mechanism of the association is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the genetic associations between IL10RA polymorphisms and the risk of BD.

ID3RSNet: cross-subject driver drowsiness detection from raw single-channel EEG with an interpretable residual shrinkage network.

Accurate monitoring of drowsy driving through electroencephalography (EEG) can effectively reduce traffic accidents. Developing a calibration-free drowsiness detection system with single-channel EEG alone is very challenging due to the non-stationarity of EEG signals, the heterogeneity among different individuals, and the relatively parsimonious compared to multi-channel EEG. Although deep learning-based approaches can effectively decode EEG signals, most deep learning models lack interpretability due to their black-box nature.

Identifying subgroup of severe community-acquired pneumonia based on clinical metagenomics, a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) is one of the major diseases within the ICU. We hypothesize that subtyping sCAP based on simple inflammatory markers, organ dysfunction, and clinical metagenomics results is feasible.

Method: In this study, we retrospectively enrolled immunocompetent sCAP patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, who underwent clinical metagenomics from 17 medical centers.

Multi-center real-world data-driven web calculator for predicting outcomes in IDH-mutant gliomas: Integrating molecular subtypes and treatment modalities.

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas generally have a better prognosis than IDH-wild-type glioblastomas, and the extent of resection significantly impacts prognosis. However, there is a lack of integrated tools for predicting outcomes based on molecular subtypes and treatment modalities. This study aimed to identify factors influencing gross total resection (GTR) rates and to develop a clinical prognostic tool for IDH-mutant gliomas.

Mechanism of HJ11 Decoction in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.

Background: HJ11 (HJ11 decoction), which is based on the traditional prescription Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction, has exerted a remarkable effect on atherosclerosis (AS). Nevertheless, the main components and underlying mechanisms of HJ11 for treating AS remain unclear.

Aim Of The Study: This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of HJ11 in the treatment of AS through network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation.

The splicing auxiliary factor OsU2AF35a enhances thermotolerance via protein separation and promoting proper splicing of OsHSA32 pre-mRNA in rice.

Heat stress significantly impacts global rice production, highlighting the critical need to understand the genetic basis of heat resistance in rice. U2AF (U2 snRNP auxiliary factor) is an essential splicing complex with critical roles in recognizing the 3'-splice site of precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). The U2AF small subunit (U2AF35) can bind to the 3'-AG intron border and promote U2 snRNP binding to the branch-point sequences of introns through interaction with the U2AF large subunit (U2AF65).