Diagnostic value of dual-layer spectral detector CT parameters for differentiating high- from low-grade bladder cancer.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of spectral parameters of dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (DLCT) in distinguishing between low- and high-grade bladder cancer (BCa).

Methods: This single-center retrospective study included pathologically confirmed BCa patients who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced DLCT. Patients were divided into low- and high-grade groups based on pathology.

Demethylzeylasteral inhibits oxidative phosphorylation complex biogenesis by targeting LRPPRC in lung cancer.

Targeted inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex generation is an emerging and promising cancer treatment strategy, but limited targets and specific inhibitors have been reported. Leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRPPRC) is an atypical RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability of all 13 mitochondrial DNA-encoded mRNA (mt-mRNA) and thus participates in the synthesis of the OXPHOS complex. LRPPRC is also a prospective therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma, serving as a promising target for OXPHOS inhibition.

Development and validation of risk-stratified biopsy decision pathways incorporating MRI and PSA-derived indicators.

Objectives: Develop risk-adapted conditional biopsy pathways utilizing MRI in combination with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) and the ratio of free to total PSA (f/tPSA), respectively, to enhance the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) while minimizing 'negative' biopsies in low-risk patients.

Methods: The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category, PSAD, f/tPSA and biopsy-pathology of 1018 patients were collected retrospectively. Subsequently, PSAD and f/tPSA were divided into four intervals, which were then combined with the MRI findings to construct two risk stratification matrix tables.

Adjuvant immunotherapy after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a real-world study.

Background: The role of immunotherapy in the adjuvant setting seems promising in recent years. As per the findings of the CheckMate 577 trial, patients with esophageal cancer (EC) who had neoadjuvant chemoradiation with residual pathologic disease should be considered adjuvant immunotherapy (AIT). However, it is unknown if individuals with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who have received neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) followed by radical surgery also require AIT.

A clinical analysis and literature review of eleven cases with primary pulmonary angiosarcoma.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the clinicopathological features, radiographic manifestations, treatment options, and prognosis of primary pulmonary angiosarcoma (PPAS).

Method: We summarized and analyzed the clinical data of 11 patients with primary pulmonary angiosarcoma treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2018 and January 2024. A retrospective analysis was conducted in conjunction with a review of the relevant literature.

Fuzhisan ameliorates cognitive ability in Alzheimer's disease by p62 and related autophagy regulatory pathways.

Background: Maintaining autophagic homeostasis has been proved to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease.

Object: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fuzhisan(FZS) on autophagic function in Alzheimer's disease and to elucidate its potential mechanism through the P62 regulatory pathways.

Methods: FZS was extracted by water extraction-rotary evaporation method.

Clinicopathological and therapeutic comparisons of esophageal cancer between China and the USA: a multicenter hospital-based study.

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a global health challenge due to its poor prognosis. China and the United States of America (USA) represent two distinct epicenters of EC burden. Understanding the EC disparities in these two countries is vital for tailoring prevention strategies, optimizing treatment, and enhancing outcomes in both countries.

Reconfigurable Amphiphilic DNA Nanotweezer for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides.

Amphiphilic lipid oligonucleotide conjugates are powerful molecular-engineering materials that have been used for delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides. However, conventional lipid oligonucleotide conjugates suffer from poor selectivity to target cells due to the nonspecific interaction between lipid tails and cell membranes. Herein, a reconfigurable DNA nanotweezer consisting of a c-Met aptamer and bischolesterol-modified antisense oligonucleotide was designed for c-Met-targeted delivery of therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides.

Delineation of intersegmental plane: application of blood flow blocking method in pulmonary segmentectomy.

Background: The Modified Inflation-Deflation Method (MIDM) is widely used in China in pulmonary segmentectomies. We optimized the procedure, which was named as Blood Flow Blocking Method (BFBM), also known as "No-Waiting Segmentectomy". This method has produced commendable clinical outcomes in segmentectomies.

Preoperative inflammatory burden index for prognostication in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing radical resection.

Background: The Inflammatory burden Index (IBI) is an effective predictor for a range of malignancies. However, the significance of IBI in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) needs to be further verified. The aim of this study was to verify the predictive power of IBI in ESCC undergoing radical resection.

CAPE activates AMPK and Foxo3 signaling to induce growth inhibition and ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Approximately 20% of all breast cancer cases are classified as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which represents the most challenging subtype due to its poor prognosis and high metastatic rate. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), the main component extracted from propolis, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity across various tumor cell types. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of CAPE on TNBC.

Advancements in research and clinical management of interstitial lung injury associated with ADC drugs administration in breast cancer.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel class of targeted anti-tumor medications that utilize the covalent linkage between monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic agents. This unique mechanism combines the cytotoxic potency of drugs with the targeting specificity conferred by antigen recognition. However, it is essential to recognize that many ADCs still face challenges related to off-target toxicity akin to cytotoxic payloads, as well as targeted toxicity and other potential life-threatening adverse effects, such as treatment-induced interstitial lung injury.

Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 Edition).

The Chinese Guidelines for Ultrasound-guided Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules (2024 edition) were jointly initiated by the Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Medical Association, the Interventional Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, the Ultrasonic Intervention Committee of Chinese Colleges of Interventionalists, the Oncological Intervention Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, 37 multidisciplinary experts in interventional ultrasound, ultrasound medicine, endocrinology and thyroid surgery participated in the compilation of this guide, which expanded the depth and breadth of the perspective and enhanced the authority of the guide. Based on the systematic review of literatures related to ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules and the professional opinions of experts, the guidelines define the indications and contraindications of thermal ablation, including pre-ablation evaluation and preparation, thermal ablation techniques and operational procedures, post-ablation follow-up, therapeutic effect evaluation, complications prevention and treatment, and the writing of medical documents for ablation. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), a total of 17 objective and comprehensive recommendations were given.

The Potential of Metabolomics in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health. Metabolic reprogramming represents a critical feature in the process of tumor development and progression, encompassing alterations in sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other pathways. Metabolites hold promise as innovative prognostic biomarkers for cancer patients, which is crucial for targeted follow-up care and interventions.

AMBRA1 drives gastric cancer progression through regulation of tumor plasticity.

Background: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by high tumor plasticity and heterogeneity. This study investigates the role of Autophagy and Beclin 1 Regulator 1 (AMBRA1) in regulating tumor plasticity in STAD progression.

Methods: Combined with clinical data, the pan-cancer analysis of AMBRA1 was performed to analyze the role of AMBRA1 in STAD.

Development of anti-cancer drugs for tumor-associated macrophages: a comprehensive review and mechanistic insights.

This review provides an in-depth summary of the development of anti-cancer drugs for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), with a particular focus on the development and tissue specialization of macrophages, and factors influencing the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages, and mechanistic insights underlying the targeting therapeutic approaches. TAMs, pivotal in the tumor microenvironment, exhibit notable plasticity and diverse functional roles. Influenced by the complex milieu, TAMs polarize into M1-type, which suppresses tumors, and M2-type, which promotes metastasis.

Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals reciprocal epithelial and endothelial cell evolution in ovarian cancer.

Tumor neovascularization mediated by endothelial cells (ECs) is essential for ovarian cancer (OC) progression, but interactions between epithelial cells and ECs are not well understood. Here, we analyze single-cell transcriptome of 87,847 epithelial cells and 11,696 ECs from fallopian tubes, primary and metastatic ovarian tumors. Cell differentiation trajectory analysis reveals that fallopian tube cells exhibit a potential development trend toward primary OC epithelial cells.

Guidance Documents for Off-Label Drug Use Management for Chinese Health Care Institutions: A Scoping Review.

Background: Off-label drug use (OLDU) is a common practice in health care institutions, and numerous guidance documents have been developed to guide the management of OLDU in China. This scoping review aims to compare these documents and identify existing issues.

Methods: PubMed, EMbase, three Chinese databases, the National Public Service Platform for Standards Information and the official websites of pharmaceutical-related associations were searched to identify guidance documents relevant to the management of OLDU for Chinese health care institutions.

Framework Nucleic Acid-Nanobody Fusion Probe-Based Pharmacokinetics Modulation and Analysis for Efficient Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.

Nanobodies are promising for immunoPET imaging due to their excellent antigen recognition and tumor targeting, yet rapid clearance limits their tumor accumulation. Although multimerization and albumin binding can extend their circulation time and improve tumor targeting, a simple and universal method for creating protein multimers is still needed. Here, we leveraged the facile synthesis, controllable size, and precise assembly of DNA nanotechnology to construct CD47-targeted framework nucleic acid-nanobody fusion probes with multiple valences and sizes.

Pelvic floor muscle training for the prevention and management of low anterior resection syndrome in patients with rectal cancer: An evidence-based summary.

Objective: This study aims to summarize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in preventing and managing low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) among patients with rectal cancer, with the goal of enhancing quality of care.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across databases, including BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, WHO, GIN, UK NICE, NGC, SIGN, RNAO, NCCN, JBI Library, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, OVID, PubMed, Chinese Wanfang, CNKI, SinoMed, and VIP, covering publications from inception through June 30, 2024. We targeted clinical decisions, guidelines, evidence summaries, expert consensus statements, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials related to PFMT for LARS in patients with rectal cancer.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveal the prognostic roles of epithelial and T cells and DNA methylation-based prognostic models in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits a complex microenvironment with diverse cell populations influencing patient prognosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to identify prognosis-related cell types, and DNA methylation (DNAm)-based models were developed to predict outcomes based on their cellular characteristics.

Methods: We integrated scRNA-seq, bulk data, and clinical information to identify key cell populations associated with prognosis.

Rapid screening of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by near-infrared spectroscopy combined with aquaphotomics.

Esophageal cancer (EC), the fifth most common cause of cancer-related mortality in China, poses a significant threat to public health. Among the pathological types, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is predominant, comprising approximately 90 % of cases. Screening is crucial for early detection, diagnosis and treatment, thereby reducing ESCC mortality.

C3 cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance in gastric cancer via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies globally, with limited therapeutic options. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a diverse population of stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a central role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. However, the specific markers identifying tumor-promoting CAF subsets in GC have yet to be fully characterized.

A multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial protocol to evaluate the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation compared with radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: At present, the main clinical application of local ablation therapy, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), is to heat the tissue to a certain temperature. However, high temperature will cause thermal damage. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel minimally invasive local ablation technology for tumors.