High-Efficiency Precision Polishing Using Fiber Brush-Shear-Thickening Fluid Composites.

Shear-thickening fluid (STF) is widely applied in various practical engineering fields due to its rheological properties of increased viscosity under load. We investigated the integration of STF with fiber brushes to prepare a novel composite material for polishing applications. The impact of composite material properties is studied in surface finish, specifically roughness and morphology, across flat and uneven surfaces.

Heterogenous Epoxidation of Isobutene Selectively Enabled by MoSe in Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP).

Herein, a high selective epoxidation of isobutene was achieved by heterogeneously dispersed MoSe with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), which further showed versatile substrate scopes and well-retained activity among recycling tests. A rational mechanism is proposed based on extensive control experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, surprisingly unveiling the metal-oxo and radical mediated pathways dramatically accelerated by hydrogen bonds of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP).

Adaptive Control of Pressure Difference in Abrasive Flow Machining for Inner Hole with High Depth/Diameter Ratio.

To address the issue of uneven pressure distribution in the abrasive flow field within the inner hole of components with a large depth/diameter ratio, an adaptive control strategy for regulating flow field pressure difference is proposed in this paper. The strategy was based on the effects of pressure fluctuations at the abrasive flow inlet and outlet on pressure distribution patterns and pressure changes within the inner hole flow field, as derived from numerical simulations. An adaptive control fixture was also designed, enabling dynamic adjustments to the fixture gap, which significantly reduced the pressure difference in the flow field.

The Investigation of Graphene Oxide-Enhanced Hybrid Slurry Preparation and Its Polishing Characteristic on CVD Single Crystal Diamond.

As an environment-friendly material, graphene oxide nanosheet can effectively improve the polishing surface quality of single crystal diamond workpieces. However, the lubricating and chemical effects of graphene oxide nanosheets have an uncertain impact on the polishing material removal rate. In this paper, the graphene oxide-enhanced hybrid slurry was prepared with good stability.

Preparation and Characterization of Calcium-Chelated Sea Cucumber Ovum Hydrolysate and the Inhibitory Effect on α-Amylase.

α-amylase can effectively inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes and alter nutrient absorption. The impact of ovum hydrolysates of sea cucumbers on α-amylase activity was investigated in this study. The protein hydrolysates generated using different proteases (pepsin, trypsin, and neutral protease) and molecular weights (less than 3000 and more than 3000) were investigated.

An efficient fungi-biochar-based system for advancing sustainable management of combined pollution.

Heavy metal (HM) contamination poses significant global environmental threats, impacting ecosystems, public health, and sustainable development. Fungi, as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical treatments, have the potential to reduce HM bioavailability in contaminated soils while promoting plant growth. However, current fungal remediation methods face limitations in efficiency, long-term effectiveness, and the ability to address combined contamination, particularly with naturally occurring strains.

Responsive Degradable Bottlebrush Polymers Enable Drugs With Superior Efficacy and Minimal Systemic Toxicity.

Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) have garnered significant attention as advanced drug delivery systems, capable of transporting a diverse range of therapeutic agents, including both chemical drugs and biologics. Despite their effectiveness, the empty BBP vectors post-drug release may pose long-term safety risks due to their difficult systemic clearance. Here, a responsive degradable BBP platform for cancer therapy is developed, featuring a poly(disulfide) backbone grafted with fluorine-terminated zwitterionic side chains.

High-Throughput Screening and General Synthesis Strategy of Single-Atom Nanozymes for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy.

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), with their superior enzyme-like catalytic activity, have emerged as promising candidates for oncology therapeutics. The well-defined structures of SAzymes make them well predictable by experiences and theoretical calculation. However, the effects of metal center species and coordination environments on enzyme-like activity are variable, and screening catalytic activity by artificial experiments is challenging.

Ice-pop making inspired photothermal ultra-swelling microneedles to facilitate loading and intradermal vaccination of tumor antigen.

Cancer vaccines hold great promise in the fight against cancer. Here, we report an ice-pop making inspired photothermal ultra-swelling microneedle (PUSMN) patch for facilitating and enhancing cancer vaccination. The PUSMN patch consist of an array of microneedles made from photo-crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid and polydopamine, a near-infrared photothermal conversion material, connected to a customized resin handle like an ice-pop stick.

Amorphous Pd nanoparticles inside ethylenediamine-based nanocomposite for high N-selectivity of nitrate reduction.

Catalytic reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen (N) by noble metals stands as a feasible and promising manner to address the biological and environmental issues associated with nitrate pollution; however, nitrate reduction under single noble-metal catalyzation remains substantially stuck because of the low adsorption enthalpy of noble metal toward nitrate. Tailoring the formation (crystal structure and particle size) of catalytical metal particles, coupled with a more direct electron donating pattern, provides a potential solution for the main challenge in reduction efficiency and selectivity. In this study, we assembled a Pd-based nanocomposite (Pda@EC) by subtly regulating the embedded Pd nanoparticles inside a porous substrate self-sufficient in electron donator (i.

Investigation the CMP process of 6 H-SiC in HO solution with ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation.

To observe the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process at the atomic scale, reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) was employed to simulate the polishing of 6 H-SiC under three conditions: dry, pure water, and HO solution. This study examined the reactants on the surface of 6 H-SiC during the reaction in the HO solution, along with the dissociation and adsorption processes of HO and water molecules. The mechanisms for atom removal during the CMP process were elucidated.

Ultrathin zwitterionic COF membranes from colloidal 2D-COF towards precise molecular sieving.

Membrane technology is an important component of resource recovery. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with inherent long-range ordered structure and permanent porosity are ideal materials for fabricating advanced membrane. Zwitterionic COFs have unique features beyond single ionic COFs containing anions or cations.

Photo-induced amidation/Smiles rearrangement of alkenes for synthesizing quaternary-carbon-containing succinyldiamides.

Succinyldiamide derivatives are important structural motifs in various natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. Herein, a novel, mild, and environmentally friendly method was developed for synthesizing functionalized succinyldiamides each containing a quaternary carbon center. This strategy was designed to involve photocatalytic decarboxylation of readily available oxalic monoamide using a non-precious metal photocatalyst, 4CzIPN, followed by a free-radical addition/Smiles rearrangement cascade reaction of -aryl--(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides.

Substance migration in the synthesis of single-atom catalysts.

Substance migration is universal and crucial in the synthesis of catalysts, which directly affects their existing form and the micro-structure of their active sites. Realizing migration during the synthesis of single-atom catalysts (SACs) is beneficial for not only increasing their metal loading capacity but also manipulating the electronic structures (coordination structure, long-range interactions, ) of their metal sites. This review summarizes the thermodynamics and kinetic processes involved in the synthesis of SACs to unveil the fundamental principles involved in their synthesis.

Psychological stress dysfunction in women with premenstrual syndrome.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses a range of emotional, physiological, and behavioral symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MC) and resolve with the onset of menstruation. These symptoms, which can include fatigue, physical pain, anxiety, irritability, and depression, significantly affect women's daily lives and overall well-being. In severe cases, PMS can progress to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), profoundly impairing quality of life.

China's municipal wastewater policies enhanced seafood safety and offset health risks from atmospheric mercury emissions in the past four decades.

The neurotoxin methylmercury in seafood threatens food safety worldwide. China has implemented stringent wastewater policies, established numerous treatment facilities and enforced rigorous water quality standards to address pollution in its waterways. However, the impact of these policies on seafood safety and methylmercury exposure remains unknown.

Unravelling nonclassical beam damage mechanisms in metal-organic frameworks by low-dose electron microscopy.

Recent advances in direct electron detectors and low-dose imaging techniques have opened up captivating possibilities for real-space visualization of radiation-induced structural dynamics. This has significantly contributed to our understanding of electron-beam radiation damage in materials, serving as the foundation for modern electron microscopy. In light of these developments, the exploration of more precise and specific beam damage mechanisms, along with the development of associated descriptive models, has expanded the theoretical framework of radiation damage beyond classical mechanisms.

Key factors in coastal village's street planning for marine climate adaptation.

Marine climate significantly influences the spatial morphology of coastal village's streets. However, research on coastal villages lacks spatial parameterization analysis that can cope with the complex climatic environment. Focusing on the coastal village's street in Fuzhou City, China, this paper studies the relationship between street space morphology and the impact of extreme heat and wind conditions.

Synergistic enhancement of electrochemical alcohol oxidation by combining NiV-layered double hydroxide with an aminoxyl radical.

Electrochemical alcohol oxidation (EAO) represents an effective method for the production of high-value carbonyl products. However, its industrial viability is hindered by suboptimal efficiency stemming from low reaction rates. Here, we present a synergistic electrocatalysis approach that integrates an active electrode and aminoxyl radical to enhance the performance of EAO.

Enhanced Pulmonary and Splenic mRNA Delivery Using DOTAP-Incorporated Poly(β-Amino Ester)-Lipid Nanoparticles.

mRNA-based therapies hold tremendous promise for treating various diseases, yet their clinical success is hindered by delivery challenges. This study developed a library of 140 lipocationic Poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) and formulated lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHs) with four helper lipids, including 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), to enhance mRNA delivery. Initial screening of four representative PBAEs identified the D/P4-1 formulation (DOTAP/PBAE molar ratio of 4:1) as the most effective.

Rapid and Controlled Assembly of Polysubstituted Furans and Their Oligoaryls from Alkynes and Aldehydes Facilitated by Sequential Deprotonation.

A new sequential deprotonation strategy of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and propargyl alcohol in the presence of a base was developed for the generation of the α-hydroxyl carbanion, which enables rapid and controllable access to a wide range of valuable highly functionalized furans in one pot from alkynes and aldehydes under transition-metal- and additive-free conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed the crucial role of the base and DMSO. More importantly, deuterium labeling experiments confirmed the formation of the α-hydroxyl carbanion.

Advances and applications of dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for single molecule studies.

Dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is nowadays one of the most interesting applications of SERS, in particular for single molecule studies. In fact, it enables the study of real-time processes at the molecular level. This review summarizes the latest developments in dynamic SERS techniques and their applications, focusing on new instrumentation, data analysis methods, temporal resolution and sensitivity improvements, and novel substrates.

Electrooxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural via NiP-NiSe Heterostructure Nanosheet Arrays.

The electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has been deeply investigated. However, developing a durable electrocatalyst for fast production of FDCA at low potentials remains a challenge. Herein, we report NiP-NiSe heterostructure nanosheet arrays as efficient electrocatalysts for HMF electrooxidation.

RGVPSeg: multimodal information fusion network for retinogeniculate visual pathway segmentation.

The segmentation of the retinogeniculate visual pathway (RGVP) enables quantitative analysis of its anatomical structure. Multimodal learning has exhibited considerable potential in segmenting the RGVP based on structural MRI (sMRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI). However, the intricate nature of the skull base environment and the slender morphology of the RGVP pose challenges for existing methodologies to adequately leverage the complementary information from each modality.