Charge injection based electrical stimulation on polypyrrole planar electrodes to regulate cellular osteogenic differentiation.

In this study, polypyrrole (Ppy) electrodes were prepared to support an electrical stimulation to MC3T3-E1 cells for regulating their osteogenic differentiation. The charge injection capacity ( ) of the Ppy electrodes could be adjusted by the Ppy thickness, and a higher could make the electrode able to produce a higher charge injection quantity ( ) at applied voltage. The onto electrode could be considered as the intensity of the stimulation pulse to cells, and the pulse frequency means the number of electric stimulation with at one second.