Memories of motor adaptation do not necessarily decay with behavioral unlearning.

Motor adaptation reshapes behaviors to habituate novel predictable demands caused by dramatic changes in our body (or environment). In the absence of error signals, behaviors rapidly return to the manner before adaptation. It is still in debate whether this behavioral unlearning is due to memory decay.

Flanker tasks based on congruency manipulation are biased measures of selective attention in perceptual load studies.

Flanker tasks based on a flanker-target congruency manipulation are widely used in perceptual load studies to investigate under what circumstances task-irrelevant flankers may be processed. An implicit assumption underlying the congruency manipulation is that the three types of flankers (congruent, incongruent, and neutral) attract attention homogeneously. However, in the present study, we provide evidence to demonstrate that this assumption is wrong: We discovered that incongruent/congruent flankers attracted more attention than the neutral flanker did.

Connectedness underlies the underestimation of the horizontal vertical illusion in L-shaped configurations.

L-shaped configuration is a commonly used stimulus configuration in studying horizontal vertical illusion. Here, we report that the horizontal vertical illusion is substantially underestimated when the L-shaped configuration is used for evaluating the illusion. Experiment 1 found that, in a length perception task, the perceived length of a vertical bar was about 10% longer than that of a horizontal bar with the same physical size.

Solvothermal synthesis of stable nanoporous polymeric bases-crystalline TiO2 nanocomposites: visible light active and efficient photocatalysts for water treatment.

Visible light active and stable nanoporous polymeric base-crystalline TiO2 nanocomposites were solvothermally synthesized from in situ copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) with 1-vinylimidazolate (VI) or 4-vinylpyridine (Py) in the presence of tetrabutyl titanate without the use of any other additives (PDVB-VI-TiO2-x, PDVB-Py-TiO2-x, where x stands for the molar ratio of TiO2 to VI or Py), which showed excellent activity with respect to catalyzing the degradation of organic pollutants of p-nitrophenol (PNP) and rhodamine-B (RhB). TEM and SEM images show that PDVB-VI-TiO2-x and PDVB-Py-TiO2-x have abundant nanopores, and TiO2 nanocrystals with a high degree of crystallinity were homogeneously embedded in the PDVB-VI-TiO2-x and PDVB-Py-TiO2-x, forming a stable 'brick-and-mortar' nanostructure. PDVB-VI and PDVB-Py supports act as the glue linking TiO2 nanocrystals to form nanopores and constraining the agglomeration of TiO2 nanocrystals.

Palladium-catalyzed [2+1+1] annulation of norbornenes with (Z)-bromostyrenes: synthesis of bismethylenecyclobutanes via twofold C(sp(2))-H bond activation.

The first Pd-catalyzed intermolecular [2+1+1] annulation reaction of (Z)-bromostyrene derivatives and norbornenes has been realized. Bismethylenecyclobutane derivatives were obtained with high yields. The domino coupling reaction involves a double Heck-type coupling process, twofold C(sp(2))-H bond activation and formation of three carbon-carbon bonds.

Catalytically active and hierarchically porous SAPO-11 zeolite synthesized in the presence of polyhexamethylene biguanidine.

Hierarchically porous SAPO-11 zeolite (H-SAPO-11) is rationally synthesized from a starting silicoaluminophosphate gel in the presence of polyhexamethylene biguanidine as a mesoscale template. The sample is well characterized by XRD, N2 sorption, SEM, TEM, NMR, XPS, NH3-TPD, and TG techniques. The results show that the sample obtained has good crystallinity, hierarchical porosity (mesopores at ca.

α-Vinylation of amides with arylacetylenes: synthesis of allylamines under metal-free conditions.

A novel methodology for the α-vinylation of amides with arylacetylenes under metal-free conditions has been introduced. This methodology provides a new protocol to synthesize allylamines. In each product, the amount of the cis-isomer was more than that of the trans-isomer.

FeCl3-catalyzed cascade cyclization in one pot: synthesis of ring-fused tetrahydroquinoline derivatives from arylamines and N-substituted lactams.

Multiple cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reactions catalyzed by FeCl3 in one pot were developed. Arylamines and N-substituted lactams were reacted, and ring-fused tetrahydroquinoline derivatives were formed by two C-C bonds and one C-N bond formation as well as one C-N bond cleavage. The lactams were also used as solvent.

A novel dielectric barrier discharge reactor with photocatalytic electrode based on sintered metal fibers for abatement of xylene.

A novel dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was made for the abatement of xylene. This reactor has a photocatalytic electrode prepared by a modified anodic oxidation method which was proposed in this work. The photocatalytic electrode has nano-TiO(2) deposited on sintered metal fiber (SMF).

Chemoselective synthesis of highly substituted 1,2-allenyl ketones, furans, and 2-alkynyl ketones from reaction of lithium selenolates with 1-(1-alkynyl)cyclopropyl ketones and electrophiles.

A homo-Michael addition reaction of lithium selenolates with 1-(1-alkynyl)cyclopropyl ketones and the subsequent reaction with electrophiles such as PhSeBr, NFSI and NCS is reported. Based on the nature of electrophiles, this reaction may afford highly substituted 1,2-allenyl ketones or furans (E(+) = PhSe(+)) and 2-alkynyl ketones (E(+) = F(+), Cl(+), active halides) as the final products, respectively.

Chemo- and regioselective assembly of polysubstituted pyridines and isoquinolines from isocyanides, arynes, and terminal alkynes.

We have disclosed a general and efficient synthetic strategy for polysubstituted pyridines and isoquinolines with high chemo- and regioselectivity. In this methodology, 1-alkynyl imines act as the key compound to undergo a sequential alkynyl imine-allenyl imine isomerization/aza-Diels-Alder reaction/aromatization. In the first place, 1-alkynyl imines were formed in situ by a highly selective multicomponent reaction of isocyanides, arynes, and terminal alkynes and reacted with another molecule of arynes or terminal alkynes to furnish target heterocyclic products in a highly efficient and atom-economic manner.

Metal-free synthesis of allylic amines by cross-dehydrogenative-coupling of 1,3-diarylpropenes with anilines and amides under mild conditions.

Dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction of primary anilines, secondary anilines, carboxamides, and sulfonamides with 1,3-diarylpropenes to form a series of allylic amines promoted by DDQ have been realized. Both monoallylation and diallylation products can be selectively synthesized when primary anilines are used as the starting materials. The method may provide a wide scope of allylamines in scientific research including biologically active compound library construction.

High-efficiency removal of NOx using a combined adsorption-discharge plasma catalytic process.

A combined adsorption-discharge plasma catalytic process was used for the removal of NO(x) using zeolites as catalysts without external heating. It was found that the types of plasma carrier gases exert great effect on the conversion of adsorbed NO(x). The conversion of adsorbed NO(x) is much lower in N(2) plasma than in Ar plasma, which is attributed to the reverse reaction, NO(x) formation reaction.

Facile synthesis of selenium/sulfur-substituted 3-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(8),5-diene and tetrahydro-1H-isochromene via sequential three-component conjugate addition/condensation/elimination/[2 + 2] or [4 + 2] cyclization reactions.

An interesting sequential three-component reaction provides a facile synthesis of selenium/sulfur-substituted 3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(8),5-diene and tetrahydro-1H-isochromene from lithium alkylselenolates or alkylthiolates, 1-alkynylphosphine oxides, and aldehydes.

Facile synthesis of tetrahydro-1H-isoindolones via a sequential three-component copper-catalyzed coupling/propargyl-allenyl isomerization/[4 + 2] cyclization reaction.

An interesting sequential three-component copper-catalyzed coupling/propargyl-allenyl isomerization/[4 + 2] cyclization reaction, providing a facile synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydro-1H-isoindolones from conjugated vinylic alkynes, imines, and α,β-unsaturated enoic acid chlorides is reported. The most attractive feature of this transformation is that three stereogenic centers could be generated in one step with high diastereoselectivity.

Iron-promoted synthesis of substituted 1-halo-1,4-pentadienes by reaction of 1,3-diarylpropenes with ethynylbenzenes via sp(3) C-H bond activation.

An iron-promoted sp(3) C-H bond activation and C-C bond formation reaction between 1,3-diarylpropenes and ethynylbenzenes was realized with BQ (benzoquinone) as an oxidant. The reaction afforded 1-halo-1,4-pentadiene derivatives in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.

Cascade nucleophilic addition-cyclic Michael addition of arynes and phenols/anilines bearing ortho alpha,beta-unsaturated groups: facile synthesis of 9-functionalized xanthenes/acridines.

A facile synthesis of xanthenes and acridines based on a cascade nucleophilic addition-cyclic Michael addition process of arynes and phenols/anilines substituted with alpha,beta-unsaturated groups at the ortho positions is described. The reaction has also been successfully extended to the synthesis of 9-spiro-xanthene and acridine derivatives with potential biochemical interest.

Promotion of Ag/H-BEA by Mn for lean NO reduction with propane at low temperature.

Effects of adding manganese to Ag/H-BEA for selective catalytic reduction of NO(x) with propane (C(3)H(8)-SCR) were investigated under a lean-burn condition. Mn addition significantly promotes the catalytic performance of Ag/H-BEA below 673 K. A Ag-Mn/H-BEA catalyst with equal metal weight of 3 wt % has the highest activity for C(3)H(8)-SCR among samples with a different bimetal loading.

One-pot facile synthesis of substituted isoindolinones via an Ugi four-component condensation/Diels-Alder cycloaddition/ deselenization-aromatization sequence.

A versatile one-pot synthesis of substituted isoindolinones from 2-furaldehydes, amines, 2-(phenylselanyl)acrylic acids, and isocyanides is described. The tandem process involves the Ugi four-component condensation, intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition, and subsequent deselenization-aromatization promoted by BF(3)-OEt(2). The procedure is general and efficient and the substrates are easily available.

Solid-phase synthesis of 2-pyridones, 1,4-diazepines, and 1,4-oxazepines from resin-bound 3-amino-2-seleno ester.

A versatile combinatorial approach was developed for the rapid synthesis of 2-pyridones, 1,4-diazepines, and 1,4-oxazepines libraries. The synthetic strategy includes electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, amine-acid condensation, Dieckmann condensation, lactamization, ester hydrolysis, lactonization, and oxidation-elimination.

Organo-selenium induced radical ring-opening intramolecular cyclization or electrophilic cyclization of 2- (arylmethylene)cyclopropylaldehyde: a tunable synthesis of 1-naphthaldehydes or 3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ols.

1-Naphthaldehydes and 3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ols can be prepared, respectively, by the intramolecular alkylation and cyclization of (E)-2-(arylmethylene)cyclopropylaldehyde 1 mediated by different organo-selenium reagents.

A multicomponent reaction of arynes, isocyanides, and terminal alkynes: highly chemo- and regioselective synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines and isoquinolines.

Many components make light work: A novel synthetic strategy for the preparation of pyridines and isoquinolines in high chemo- and regioselectivity has been developed. By manipulating the reaction conditions, either product can be generated smoothly in a highly efficient and atom-economic manner (see scheme).