Chitosan oligosaccharide suppresses osteosarcoma malignancy by inhibiting CEMIP via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that is prone to metastasize early and primarily affects children and adolescents. Cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP) plays a crucial role in the progression and malignancy of various tumor diseases, including osteosarcoma. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), an oligomer isolated from chitin, has been found to have significant anti-tumor activity in various cancers.

Water extract of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum enhanced pd-l1 antibody efficiency through downregulation and relieved complications of pd-l1 monoclonal antibody.

Purpose: Osteosarcoma is a malignant musculoskeletal tumor with early metastasis and a poor prognosis, especially in adolescents. Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.

Chitosan nanoparticles act as an adjuvant to promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by ovalbumin in mice.

The study was conducted to investigate the promoted immune response to ovalbumin in mice by chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and its toxicity. CNP did not cause any mortality or side effects when mice were administered subcutaneously twice with a dose of 1.5 mg at 7-day intervals.

Arabidopsis poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase 1 is required for drought, osmotic and oxidative stress responses.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational protein modification that plays important roles in many cellular processes in mammalian systems. Emerging evidence indicates that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is also involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In the present study, we used genetic mutant parg1-3 and transgenic PARG1-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants to examine the role of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase1 (PARG1) in abiotic stress resistance.

Effect of lime application on microbial community in acidic tea orchard soils in comparison with those in wasteland and forest soils.

Lime application is a conventional technology to control acidification in tea orchard soils. We investigated the effect of lime application on soil microbial community diversity in the soils of three tea orchards, wasteland and forest. The BIOLOG data showed that both the average well color development of all carbon sources and the functional diversity index increased with the liming rate in the tea orchards and the forest, but decreased in the wasteland.

Nitrification potentials of Chinese tea orchard soils and their adjacent wasteland and forest soils.

To investigate the nitrifying activities of different soil types, soil samples collected from 8-, 50- and 90-year old tea orchards, the adjacent wasteland, and 90-year old forest were measured for their nitrification potentials using the conventional soil incubation and the liquid incubation method. Among different soil types, the nitrification potential of soil in tea orchards was higher than that of wasteland and forest soils. The slurry shaken liquid incubation method was confirmed to be more accurate and have reliable results than the soil incubation.

The Arabidopsis ATAF1, a NAC transcription factor, is a negative regulator of defense responses against necrotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens.

Transcription factors of the NAC family are known to be involved in various growth or developmental processes and in regulation of response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we report that Arabidopsis ATAF1 is a negative regulator of defense responses against both necrotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens. Expression of ATAF1 was downregulated after infection with Botrytis cinerea or Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Ectopic expression of a rice protein phosphatase 2C gene OsBIPP2C2 in tobacco improves disease resistance.

Protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in regulation of plant growth/development, abscisic acid signaling pathway and adaptation to environmental stresses. Here we report the cloning and molecular characterization of a novel rice protein phosphatase 2C gene, OsBIPP2C2 (Oryza sativa L. BTH-induced protein phosphatase 2C 2).

Developmental changes of carcass composition, meat quality and organs in the Jinhua pig and Landrace.

The present study was aimed to compare the developmental changes of carcass composition, meat quality characteristics and organ weight in pigs of different breeds. Six pigs (sex balance) of each breed were slaughtered at 35, 80 and 125 days of age, respectively. The carcass was chilled and the left carcass side was dissected into bone, lean meat, fat and skin; additionally, organ weight and meat quality parameters were observed.

A compatible exon-exon junction database for the identification of exon skipping events using tandem mass spectrum data.

Background: Alternative splicing is an important gene regulation mechanism. It is estimated that about 74% of multi-exon human genes have alternative splicing. High throughput tandem (MS/MS) mass spectrometry provides valuable information for rapidly identifying potentially novel alternatively-spliced protein products from experimental datasets.

Overexpression of a rice defense-related F-box protein gene OsDRF1 in tobacco improves disease resistance through potentiation of defense gene expression.

F-box proteins play important roles in plant growth/development and responses to environmental stimuli through targeting substrates into degradation machinery. A rice defense-related F-box protein gene, OsDRF1, was cloned and identified during a course of study aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of induced immunity in rice. OsDRF1 encodes a protein of 328 amino acids, containing a highly conserved F-box domain.

OsBIRH1, a DEAD-box RNA helicase with functions in modulating defence responses against pathogen infection and oxidative stress.

DEAD-box proteins comprise a large protein family with members from all kingdoms and play important roles in all types of processes in RNA metabolism. In this study, a rice gene OsBIRH1, which encodes a DEAD-box RNA helicase protein, was cloned and characterized. The predicted OsBIRH1 protein contains a DEAD domain and all conserved motifs that are common characteristics of DEAD-box RNA helicases.

Effects of waterborne Cd exposure on glutathione metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) liver.

To explore the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on hepatic glutathione (GSH) metabolism, tilapias were exposed to 3.0 mg/L Cd for 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 days. The contents of reduced GSH and oxidized GSH (GSSG) and the activities of enzymes involved in GSH metabolism and the GSSG-GSH ratio were investigated.

Nontemplated nucleotide addition prior to polyadenylation: a comparison of Arabidopsis cDNA and genomic sequences.

A comparison of Arabidopsis DNA sequences revealed that the final nucleotides at the 3' end of approximately half of the Arabidopsis mRNAs, immediately upstream of the poly(A) tail, differ from the corresponding genomic sequences. This suggests that extra nucleotides were added to these mRNAs at their 3' termini prior to polyadenylation. Among the mRNAs containing additional nucleotides, approximately 65% had a single additional nucleotide, with the nucleotide C added most often.

OsBIMK1, a rice MAP kinase gene involved in disease resistance responses.

The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) has been previously implicated in signal transduction during plant responses to pathogen attack as well as to various environmental stresses. We have isolated from rice a new MAPK cDNA, OsBIMK1 ( O ryza s ativa L. BTH-induced MAPK 1), which encodes a 369-amino-acid protein with moderate to high nucleotide sequence similarity to previously reported plant MAPK genes.

Microbial Biomass and Community Structure in a Sequence of Soils with Increasing Fertility and Changing Land Use.

The microbial biomass and community structure of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility and land use history was investigated. Two community based microbiological measurements, namely, community level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Biolog sole C source utilization tests and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, were used to investigate the microbial ecology of these soils and to determine how land use alters microbial community structure. Microbial biomass-C and total PLFAs were closely correlated to organic carbon and total nitrogen, indicating that these soil microbial measures are potentially good indices of soil fertility in these highly weathered soils.