Chirality Interplay of Peptide and Saccharide on Glycopeptide Self-Assembly.

Saccharides and peptides with markedly disparate stereochemical features serve as pivotal chiral molecular partners in living systems. The importance of glycosylation in influencing glycopeptide self-assembly has been recognized. However, how different chiral combinations of saccharides and peptides influence the macroscopic hydrogel mechanics, fiber nanomechanics, asymmetric molecular packing, and thermodynamic changes during glycopeptide self-assembly remains unknown.

Advancements in molecular imaging probes for precision diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, accounting for 14.1% of new cancer cases in 2020. The aggressiveness of prostate cancer is highly variable, depending on its grade and stage at the time of diagnosis.

Macrophage-mimicking nanotherapy for attenuation of acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a highly fatal pancreatic inflammation. In recent years, synthetic nanoparticles have been extensively developed as drug carriers to address the challenges of systemic adverse reactions and lack of specificity in drug delivery. However, systemically administered nanoparticle therapy is rapidly cleared from circulation by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), leading to suboptimal drug concentrations in inflamed tissues and suboptimal pharmacokinetics.

Machine learning-assisted assessment of municipal solid waste thermal treatment efficacy via rapid image recognition and visual analysis.

Decentralized thermal treatment is a common method for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in rural areas. However, evaluating the effect of incineration has always been challenging owing to the difficult and time-consuming measurements involved. Herein, this study presented a rapid image recognition method for assessing the effects of thermal treatment on MSW using a neural network algorithm and a BAEVA 1.

Inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway interferes with macropinocytosis to suppress pseudorabies virus proliferation.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the highly contagious pathogens causing significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. More importantly, PRV is becoming a potential "life-threatening zoonosis" since the human-originated PRV strain was first isolated in 2019. Previously we found that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway facilitates PRV proliferation, while the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

A novel approach to the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: PANoptosis.

As a fundamental component of antitumor therapy, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) has emerged as a leading cause of long-term mortality in patients with malignant tumors. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective therapeutic preventive or treatment strategies, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of CIC remain inadequately understood. A growing number of studies have shown that different mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, are essential for facilitating the cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy.

Transferrin Modified Gold Nanoclusters-Based Biosensing Nanoplatform for High-Precision Multimodal Bioimaging of Tumor Cells.

Bioimaging technology has been broadly used in biomedicine, and the growth of multimodal imaging technology based on synergistic advantages can overcome the shortcomings of traditional single-modal bioimaging methods and attain high specificity and sensitivity in the fields of bioimaging and biosensing. The analysis of low-abundance microRNAs (miRNAs) in complex organisms is of high importance for early-stage diagnosis and clinical treatment of tumors. In our current study, a biosensing nanoplatform based on Tf-AuNCs and MnO nanosheets was developed for multimodal imaging of tumor cells.

Neural Network and Logistic Regression Models Based on Ultrasound Radiomics and Clinical-Pathological Features to Predict Occult Level II Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Rationale And Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) often metastasizes to lateral cervical lymph nodes, especially in level II. This study aims to develop predictive models to identify level II lymph node metastasis (LNM), guiding selective neck dissection (SND) to minimize unnecessary surgery and morbidity in low-risk patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 313 PTC patients who underwent modified radical neck dissection (MRND) between October 2020 and January 2023 was analyzed.

Biodegradable copper-containing mesoporous microspheres loaded with ginsenoside Rb1 for infarcted heart repair.

The current unavailability of efficient myocardial repair therapies constitutes a significant bottleneck in the clinical management of myocardial infarction (MI). Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) has emerged as a compound with potential benefits in safeguarding myocardial cells and facilitating the regeneration of myocardial tissue. However, its efficacy in treating MI-related ischemic conditions is hampered by its low bioavailability and inadequate angiogenic properties.

LIPUS activated piezoelectric pPLLA/SrSiO composite scaffold promotes osteochondral regeneration through P2RX1 mediated Ca signaling pathway.

Addressing the concurrent repair of cartilage and subchondral bone presents a significant challenge yet is crucial for the effective treatment of severe joint injuries. This study introduces a novel biodegradable composite scaffold, integrating piezoelectric poly-l-lactic acid (pPLLA) with strontium-enriched silicate bioceramic (SrSiO). This innovative scaffold continually releases bioactive Sr and SiO ions while generating an electrical charge under low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation, a clinically recognized method.

Cantilever-Enhanced Fiber-Optic Photoacoustic Spectrophone for Low-Pressure Gas Detection.

A cantilever-enhanced fiber-optic photoacoustic (PA) spectrophone is reported for trace gas detection at a low-pressure environment. A cantilever-based fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometer (FPI) is utilized for simultaneous measurement of air pressure and PA pressure. Since the cantilever resonance frequency follows air pressure linearly, the fundamental frequency intensity modulation (1-IM) technique is applied to scan the frequency response of the solid PA signal from tube wall absorption for tracking the cantilever resonance frequency in real time.

In-depth site-specific glycoproteomic analysis reveals ER-resident protein PDI regulating wheat yellow mosaic virus infection.

N-glycosylation is crucial in the process of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection, but changes in site-specific N-glycosylation of proteins during WYMV infection have not been well studied. In this study, we employed an intact glycopeptide approach to analyze mock- and WYMV-infected wheat plants. We found that most glycoproteins have N-glycans containing paucimannose or complex/hybrid chains.

Epicardial adipose tissue: a new link between type 2 diabetes and heart failure-a comprehensive review.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a unique cardiomyopathy that is common in diabetic patients, and it is also a diabetic complication for which no effective treatment is currently available. Moreover, relevant studies have revealed that a link exists between type 2 diabetes and heart failure and that abnormal thickening of EAT is inextricably linked to the development of diabetic heart failure. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that EAT is implicated in the pathophysiologic process of diabetic myocardial disease.

Secondary aluminum dross self-heating enhances hazardous waste vitrification.

This study demonstrates the potential of secondary aluminum dross (SAD) to enhance the vitrifying hazardous waste incineration fly ash (FA) and bottom slag (BS). Based on the CaO-SiO-AlO ternary phase diagram, a liquid phase can be achieved at relatively low temperatures by carefully adjusting the AlO content, particularly when the CaO to SiO ratio is around 0.66.

Hyperglycemia-responsive nitric oxide-releasing biohybrid cryogels with cascade enzyme catalysis for enhanced healing of infected diabetic wounds.

Diabetic wound infections are a frequent complication for diabetic patients, and conventional treatment for combating diabetic wound infections relies on antibiotics. However, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, making these infections challenging to treat. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative strategies to effectively manage diabetic wound infections.

Grain-Boundary-Rich Pt/CoO Nanosheets for Solar-Driven Overall Water Splitting.

Interfacial engineering is considered an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical water-splitting activity of catalysts by modulating the local electronic structure to expose more active sites. Therefore, we report a platinum-cobaltic oxide nanosheets (Pt/CoO NSs) with plentiful grain boundary as the efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting. The Pt/CoO NSs exhibit a low overpotential of 55 and 201 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in 1.

An effective method for detecting nitrous oxide using alkaline washing and GC-MS.

Nitrous oxide (NO) is generally detected by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which has become a popular method in current research and applications. However, NO and CO have the same molecular mass and comparable physical characteristics, posing significant challenges to complete separation and accurate detection of NO. For this purpose, a simple and effective method for detecting nitrous oxide using alkaline washing and GC-MS was proposed.

Predicting early recurrence in locally advanced gastric cancer after gastrectomy Using CT-based deep learning model: a multicenter study.

Background: Early recurrence in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) portends aggressive biological characteristics and a dismal prognosis. Prediction of early recurrence may help determine treatment strategies for LAGC. To develop a deep learning model for early recurrence prediction (DLER) based on preoperative multiphase computed tomography (CT) images and further explore the underlying biological basis of the proposed model.

LADS: a powerful vaccine platform for cancer immunotherapy and prevention.

Background: The intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is an attractive vector for cancer immunotherapy as it can effectively deliver tumor antigens to antigen-presenting cells, leading to a robust antitumor response.

Results: In this study, we developed a novel vaccine platform called Listeria-based Live Attenuated Double Substitution (LADS), which involves introducing two amino acid substitutions (N478AV479A) into the virulence factor listeriolysin O (LLO). LADS is a safe vaccine platform, with an attenuation of nearly 7000-fold, while retaining complete immunogenicity due to the absence of deletion of any virulence factors.

pH-dependent medium-chain fatty acid synthesis in waste activated sludge fermentation: Metabolic pathway regulation.

Transforming waste activated sludge (WAS) into medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) via chain elongation (CE) technology is sustainable, yet pH effects on this process are poorly understood. In this study, semi-continuous flow experiments demonstrated that WAS degradation was highest under alkaline pH (10) but unsuitable for CE. Continuous output of MCFAs indicated that CE could be successfully performed under acidic pH (5) and neutral pH (7).

Thermosensitive Hydrogel Integrated with Bimetallic Nano-Enzymes for Modulating the Microenvironment in Diabetic Wound Beds.

Effective regulation and reconstruction of the microenvironment are critical for the regeneration of chronic wounds. Diabetic wounds, in particular, pose a significant clinical challenge due to increased oxidative stress and dysfunctional healing processes. In this study, a novel therapeutic strategy is developed using 3D copper-magnesium bimetallic antioxidant nano-enzymes (Cu/Mg-MOF) to mitigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restore redox balance through electron transfer.

Influence of Modified PVA Fiber on Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Its Enhancing Mechanism.

In this study, the properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) were enhanced by adding modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. The specimens with different curing ages were evaluated in various aspects to investigate the effects of different dosages, lengths, and surface treatments of PVA fibers on the performance of UHPC. The performance was compared with that of steel fiber-reinforced UHPC with the same ratio and multiple dosages.

Advances of New Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Detection Technologies in Cancer Diagnosis.

Cancer is a global health issue threatening people's lives. Currently, cancer detection methods still have a lot of room for improvement in both efficiency and accuracy. The development and application of new technologies are urgently required for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis.