Response of earthworm enzyme activity and gut microbial functional diversity to carbendazim in the manured soil.

The effect of pesticide pollution on environmental microorganisms in soil has become the focus of widespread concern in society today. The response of earthworm gut and surrounding soil microbial functional diversity and enzyme activity to carbendazim (CBD) was studied in a soil-earthworm ecosystem amended with manure. In the experiment, CBD was added to the manured soil (MS).

Citrus Carotenoid Extracts Promote ROS Accumulation and Induce Oxidative Stress to Exert Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in MDA-MB-231 Cells.

Citrus fruits are economically significant crops worldwide, as they contain various bioactive compounds that possess health-promoting properties. Carotenoids, as the most important component in citrus, exhibit notable pharmacological activities, such as antioxidation and anticancer, which make carotenoids valuable in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. In this study, after treatment with carotenoid extracts from XiYou (XY) and ZaoHongQiCheng (ZH), we evaluated the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, antioxidant system, and oxidative stress induced by ROS overproduction and MMP damage in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Metabolomic analysis to unravel the composition and dynamic variations of anthocyanins in bayberry-soaked wine during the maceration process.

In this work, we employed a global untargeted metabolomics technique to explore the intricate composition of anthocyanin constituents in bayberry wine and elucidate their alteration during the maceration process. Our analysis uncovered 20 distinct forms of anthocyanins in bayberry wine, including cyanidin-type, delphinidin-type, peonidin-type, malvidin-type, and other-type. 'Dongkui' (DK) bayberry wine was characterized by a predominance of glycoside forms of cyanidin-type and delphinidin-type anthocyanins, while 'Shuijing' (SJ) bayberry wine mainly contained other-type anthocyanins.

Thiamethoxam dynamics in pepper plants: Deciphering deposition and dissipation pattern across diverse planting modes and regions.

To reduce the application dosage of thiamethoxam (TMX), we investigated the deposition and dissipation patterns in a pepper-planted ecosystem under different planting modes across four regions in China, namely Hainan (HN), Zhejiang (ZJ), Anhui (AH) and Hebei (HB). This study focused on the deposition and dissipation of TMX at concentrations of 63.00, 47.

Effect and Mode of Different Concentrations of Citrus Peel Extract Treatment on Browning of Fresh-Cut Sweetpotato.

Browning is one of the main phenomena limiting the production of fresh-cut sweetpotatoes. This study investigated the anti-browning effect of citrus peel extracts and the key components and modes of action associated with browning in fresh-cut sweetpotatoes. Five different concentrations of citrus peel extract (1, 1.

Effects of Interaction of Protein Hydrolysate and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Effects on Citrus Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes ( and ) under Salt Stress.

Protein hydrolysates (PHs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are environmentally friendly biostimulants that effectively promote crop growth and alleviate the damage from abiotic stress. However, the physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of PHs and AMF on growth, mineral nutrient absorption, and expression of and in Goutoucheng () under salt stress.

Impacts of acute ammonia-N exposure on the muscle quality of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Novel insights into lipid and protein oxidation.

This study explored the effect of ammonia-N exposure on the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei and the underlying mechanisms based on the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Acute ammonia-N exposure reduced the hardness but increased the centrifugal loss and drip loss of the shrimp muscle. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species were overproduced, thereby increasing the free fatty acid (FFA) content, fluorescent compound content, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBAR) value.

Citrus Carotenoid Extracts Exert Anticancer Effects through Anti-Proliferation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells.

Citrus is a globally popular fruit crop that contains bioactive compounds with numerous health benefits. Carotenoids are one of the main bioactive compounds present in citrus pulp. They possess exceptional antioxidant and anticancer properties, making them potentially effective in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

"Biqi" Bayberry Extract Promotes Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Remodeling by Increasing Fast Myofiber Formation via the Akt/FoxO1 Pathway in Mice.

Bayberry is known to be a rich source of natural flavonoids and has been reported to have various health-promoting abilities. However, its function on regulating skeletal muscle fiber type remains unclear. This study examined whether bayberry extract affects skeletal muscle fiber type by promoting fast myofiber formation, as well as the potential molecular mechanism.

Impacts of long-time transportation on whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) muscle quality and underlying biochemical mechanisms.

Background: Shrimp is widely consumed around the world. Since muscle is the primary edible component of shrimp, muscle quality (particularly texture) has a direct impact on the economic value of shrimp products. However, reports on the shrimp muscle quality influenced by transportation are rather limited, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

Toward Achieving Rapid Estimation of Vitamin C in Citrus Peels by NIR Spectra Coupled with a Linear Algorithm.

Citrus peels are rich in bioactive compounds such as vitamin C and extraction of vitamin C is a good strategy for citrus peel recycling. It is essential to evaluate the levels of vitamin C in citrus peels before reuse. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR)-based method was proposed to quantify the vitamin C content of citrus peels in a rapid way.

Effects of alcoholic fermentation on the non-volatile and volatile compounds in grapefruit ( Mac. cv. Cocktail) juice: A combination of UPLC-MS/MS and gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry analysis.

Grapefruit has attracted much attention as a functional fruit, of which "Cocktail" is a special variety with low acidity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of alcoholic fermentation on the non-volatile and volatile compounds of "Cocktail" grapefruit juice. To analyze, a non-targeted metabolomics method based on UPLC-MS/MS and volatiles analysis using GC-IMS were performed.

A gold nanoparticle-based visual aptasensor for rapid detection of acetamiprid residues in agricultural products using a smartphone.

Based on the colorimetric analysis of gold nanoparticles and a smartphone readable strategy, a stable, sensitive, and visual method was established for rapid detection of acetamiprid residues in agricultural products. By optimizing the key parameters, the detection process only took 40 minutes with good specificity. The acetamiprid aptamer can help AuNPs to resist salt-induced aggregation.

Involvement of phase II enzymes and efflux transporters in the metabolism and absorption of naringin, hesperidin and their aglycones in rats.

This study examined the effects of phase II metabolism and efflux transportation on the bioavailability of naringin, hesperidin, and their aglycones (naringenin and hesperetin) in rats. Results indicated naringin and hesperidin have a lower oral bioavailability than their aglycones. Of all the phase II enzymes tested, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT1A2, UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and SULT sulfotransferase (SULT) 1B1 were of minor importance regarding the phase II metabolism of naringenin and hesperetin in the small intestine.

Inhibitory effects of fermented Ougan () juice on high-fat diet-induced obesity associated with white adipose tissue browning and gut microbiota modulation in mice.

In this study, Ougan juice (OJ) and lactic acid bacteria fermented Ougan juice (FOJ) were investigated individually for their capability of preventing obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. After being administered with OJ or FOJ for 10 weeks, the body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and gut microbiota dysbiosis of HFD-fed mice were examined. The results showed that OJ or FOJ supplementation inhibited weight gain, lowered fat accumulation, reduced liver steatosis, improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, and promoted white adipose tissue (WAT) browning.

A NAC transcription factor and its interaction protein hinder abscisic acid biosynthesis by synergistically repressing NCED5 in Citrus reticulata.

Although abscisic acid (ABA) is a vital regulator of fruit ripening and several transcription factors have been reported to regulate ABA biosynthesis, reports of the effect of ABA on citrus ripening and the regulation of its biosynthesis by a multiple-transcription-factor complex are scarce. In the present study, a systematic metabolic, cytological, and transcriptome analysis of an ABA-deficient mutant (MT) of Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima confirmed the positive effect of ABA on the citrus ripening process.

Seedless mutant 'Wuzi Ougan' (Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka 'seedless') and the wild type were compared by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics and integratedly analyzed with transcriptome to improve understanding of male sterility.

Background: Bud mutation is a vital method of citrus. 'Wuzi Ougan' (mutant type, MT) as a bud variant of 'Ougan' (wild type, WT) was first found in 1996 and has become popular because of its male sterility and seedless character. Previous analysis of its cytological sections and transcriptome revealed that the abnormal microsporogenesis that occurs before the tetrad stage of anther development might be the result of down-regulated oxidation-reduction biological processes in MT.

An R2R3-MYB transcription factor represses the transformation of α- and β-branch carotenoids by negatively regulating expression of CrBCH2 and CrNCED5 in flavedo of Citrus reticulate.

Although the functions of carotenogenic genes are well documented, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate their expression, especially those genes involved in α - and β-branch carotenoid metabolism. In this study, an R2R3-MYB transcriptional factor (CrMYB68) that directly regulates the transformation of α- and β-branch carotenoids was identified using Green Ougan (MT), a stay-green mutant of Citrus reticulata cv Suavissima. A comprehensive analysis of developing and harvested fruits indicated that reduced expression of β-carotene hydroxylases 2 (CrBCH2) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 5 (CrNCED5) was responsible for the delay in the transformation of α- and β-carotene and the biosynthesis of ABA.

Etoxazole is Metabolized Enantioselectively in Liver Microsomes of Rat and Human in Vitro.

Acaricide etoxazole belongs to the ovicides/miticides diphenyloxazole class, affecting adults to lay sterile eggs by inhibiting chitin biosynthesis possibly. The reverse-phase HPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the etoxazole enantiomers. The enantioselective degradation behavior of rac-etoxazole in liver microsomes of rat and human in vitro with NADPH was dramatically different.

Molecular evidence for multiple phylogenetic groups within two species of invasive spiny whiteflies and their parasitoid wasp.

The invasive orange spiny whitefly (OSW) Aleurocanthus spiniferus has extended its distribution to non-native areas since the early 20th century. In a similar manner, the invasive tea spiny whitefly (TSW) A. camelliae has been expanding over East Asia in recent decades.

Simultaneous enantioselective determination of triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol in edible vegetable oil by gel permeation chromatography and ultraperformance convergence chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

A novel, sensitive, and efficient enantioselective method for the determination of triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol in edible vegetable oil, was developed by gel permeation chromatography and ultraperformance convergence chromatography/tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. After the vegetable oil samples were prepared using gel permeation chromatography, the eluent was collected, evaporated, and dried with nitrogen gas. The residue was redissolved by adding methanol up to a final volume of 1 mL.