Advancements in research and clinical management of interstitial lung injury associated with ADC drugs administration in breast cancer.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel class of targeted anti-tumor medications that utilize the covalent linkage between monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic agents. This unique mechanism combines the cytotoxic potency of drugs with the targeting specificity conferred by antigen recognition. However, it is essential to recognize that many ADCs still face challenges related to off-target toxicity akin to cytotoxic payloads, as well as targeted toxicity and other potential life-threatening adverse effects, such as treatment-induced interstitial lung injury.

The role of KRT18 in lung adenocarcinoma development: integrative bioinformatics and experimental validation.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represents one of the most common subtypes of lung cancer with high rates of incidence and mortality, which contributes to substantial health and economic demand across the globe. Treatment today mainly consists of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but their efficacy in advanced stages is often suboptimal and emphasizes the clear need for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses consisting of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), immune infiltration analysis and functional enrichment analysis, and single-cell analysis, we examined the potential of keratin 18 (KRT18) as a candidate biomarker in advanced LUAD.

Cryoablation plus chemotherapy regimen enhance anti-tumor immune response in a mouse model of Lewis lung cancer.

Background: Cryoablation (cryo) is a local anti-tumor method and activation of immunity is one of its mechanisms, but it is affected by many factors. Numerous studies have proved that combination therapy based on cryo can activate immunity more effectively and synergistically. Cryo combined with chemotherapy(chemo) has been proven to improve the quality of life and prolong survival of tumor patients, but the immune effect is still unclear.

Mining and analysis of adverse events associated with aducanumab: a real-world study using FDA adverse event reporting system database.

Background: Aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody, received approval for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in 2021. However, it remains controversial over the security of this drug. In this study, aducanumab-related adverse events (AEs) were evaluated through data mining based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Pharmacology and mechanisms of apigenin in preventing osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis (OP) stands as the most prevalent systemic skeletal condition associated with aging. The current clinical management of OP predominantly depends on anti-resorptive and anabolic agents. Nevertheless, prolonged use of some of these medications has been observed to reduce efficacy and elevate adverse effects.

Association between metabolic score for visceral fat and obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies have established a connection between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), novel surrogate markers of adipose accumulation may serve as more critical and reliable factors for consideration. Consequently, this study aims to explore and elucidate the correlation between metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) and OSA.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period from 2013 to 2020 were adopted.

Association of Occupational Noise Exposure and Extended High-Frequency Hearing Loss in Young Workers With Normal Hearing.

Objectives: Studies on the relationship between occupational noise exposure and extended high-frequency (EHF) hearing loss are limited. This study investigated the relationship between occupational noise exposure and EHF hearing loss in workers exposed to noise as measured by sound pressure level, exposure duration, and kurtosis to help provide a basis for early detection and prevention of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers.

Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 602 participants with 472 noise-exposed workers and 130 non-noise-exposed controls.

ECMO for bridging lung transplantation.

Background: With the shift in donor lung allocation from blood type and waiting order to the use of the lung allocation score (LAS) system, there are increasingly more cases of ECMO bridging lung transplantation. However, there are still some problems in case selection, implementation, and management.

Methods: We analyzed and summarized a series of data on ECMO bridging lung transplantation through an extensive literature review.

Impact of frailty on outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the preferred treatment for complex multi-vessel coronary artery disease, offering substantial long-term benefits. Non-cardiac comorbidities such as frailty may significantly affect the outcomes of this procedure. However, the exact impact of frailty on CABG outcomes remains unclear, particularly given its exclusion from many pivotal revascularization trials.

Surgical treatment of AO/OTA 41B3 and 41C tibial plateau fractures with a temporary bi-frame fixator combined with the MIPPO technique.

Background: This study evaluated the clinical effects of the use of a temporary bi-frame fixator in conjunction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) for treating AO/OTA 41B3 and 41C tibial plateau fractures (TPFs).

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with TPFs affected by vertical compression seen from October 2019 to October 2020. All patients were treated with a bi-frame fixator to correct the vertical shortening deformity, with the MIPPO technique used after reduction.

Applications and Future Prospects of Medical LLMs: A Survey Based on the M-KAT Conceptual Framework.

The success of large language models (LLMs) in general areas have sparked a wave of research into their applications in the medical field. However, enhancing the medical professionalism of these models remains a major challenge. This study proposed a novel model training theoretical framework, the M-KAT framework, which integrated domain-specific training methods for LLMs with the unique characteristics of the medical discipline.

Transdermal delivery of natural products against atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. Natural products have gained traction in AD treatment due to their accessibility, low toxicity, and favorable pharmacological properties. However, their application is primarily constrained by poor solubility, instability, and limited permeability.

Decade of TRAP Progress: Insights and Future Prospects for Advancing Functional Network Research in Epilepsy.

Targeted Recombination in Active Populations (TRAP) represents an effective and extensively applied technique that has earned significant utilization in neuroscience over the past decade, primarily for identifying and modulating functionally activated neuronal ensembles associated with diverse behaviors. As epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by pathological hyper-excitatory networks, TRAP has already been widely applied in epilepsy research. However, the deployment of TRAP in this field remains underexplored, and there is significant potential for further application and development in epilepsy-related investigations.

The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence and incidence of scabies, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Current literature lacks a recent global analysis of scabies. This study aims to analyze the burden and epidemiological characteristics of scabies using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

Methodology/principal Findings: The analysis assessed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of scabies from 1990 to 2021, stratified by geographic location, socio demographic index (SDI), gender, and age.

Newly emerged ROS1 rearrangement in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma following resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case report.

Background: ROS1, a member of the sevenless subfamily of tyrosine kinase insulin receptors, promotes tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis by activating the JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK/ERK pathways. It only accounts for about 2% of total NSCLC cases. No cases of acquired ROS-1 rearrangement have been reported worldwide.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome caused by meningoencephalitis in children: a case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) syndrome often occurs with severe traumatic brain injury. However, it can also occur during infections, such as severe bacterial meningoencephalitis in children. is an aggressive, virulent, opportunistic pathogen.

Evaluation of Different Sampling Methods Combined with Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing of Respiratory Specimens in Etiological Diagnosis of Patients with Severe Pneumonia.

Objective: To evaluate the value of respiratory specimens collected via different sampling methods combined with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the etiological diagnosis of severe pneumonia.

Methods: A total of 117 patients with severe pneumonia between 2019 and 2024 were included in this study, with 60 patients undergoing endotracheal aspiration (ETA) and 57 undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), respectively. Patient records were retrospectively reviewed.

Triptophenolide Improves Rheumatoid Arthritis and Progression by Inducing Macrophage Toxicity.

To investigate the role and mechanism of triptophenolide (TRI) in resisting rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Network pharmacology analysis results suggested that TRI was related to multiple inflammation-related signaling proteins, and possessed the stable structural configuration. In animal experiments, TRI suppressed RA in mice, inhibited tissue inflammation, and improved synovial injury.

San Huang Xiao Yan recipe promoted wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Diabetic ulcer is a serious diabetes complication and a primary reason for amputations. For many years, the San Huang Xiao Yan (SHXY) recipe has served as a conventional remedy for these ulcers, effectively reducing inflammatory factors and exhibiting considerable therapeutic efficacy. However, the precise mechanism remains incompletely understood.

Novel Nanoliposomes Synergistically Modulated by Sitogluside and Dioscin: Stability, Bioavailability, and Capacity To Alleviate Hyperuricaemia.

Cholesterol (Cho) is commonly used to stabilize nanoliposomes; however, there is controversy on the relationship between Cho and health. In this study, we developed a novel multifunctional nanoliposome utilizing structurally similar sitogluside (SG) and dioscin (Dio) instead of Cho to anchor the phospholipid bilayer and synergistically modulate the membrane properties of the nanoliposome (DPPC or DOPC). The storage and gastrointestinal tract stability experiment demonstrated that the changes of physical and chemical properties, including the significantly reduced size and Dio retention rate of nanoliposomes synergistically modulated by SG and Dio compared to those of SG alone, regulated nanoliposomes.

Recent advances of photodiagnosis and treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are the most common type of head and neck tumor that severely threatens human health due to its highly aggressive nature and susceptibility to distant metastasis. The diagnosis of HNSCC currently relies on biopsy and histopathological examination of suspicious lesions. However, the early mucosal changes are subtle and difficult to detect by conventional oral examination.

Network pharmacology-based strategy to reveal Acacetin against lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury.

Background: Acacetin, a flavonoid isolated from Agastache rugosa, exhibits diverse biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Its role in treating Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains incompletely illuminated.

Objective: To explore the potential molecular mechanisms of Acacetin in alleviating ALI.

Combining stable isotopes and multi-elements with machine learning chemometric models to identify the geographical origins of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) is an edible plant with considerable medicinal properties, the quality of which varies depending on its origin. Therefore economically motivated adulteration has emerged.