The transcription factor GmbZIP131 enhances soybean salt tolerance by regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.

Detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) that accumulate under saline conditions is crucial for plant salt tolerance. The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway functions upstream, while flavonoids act downstream, in ROS scavenging under salt stress. However, the potential crosstalk between the SOS pathway and flavonoids in regulating salt stress responses and the associated mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Indoloquinoline alkaloid neocryptolepine derivative inhibits by targeting thiamine thiazole synthase.

The emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant strains pose a great challenge to the quality and safety of agricultural products and the efficient use of pesticides. Previously unidentified fungicides and targets are urgently needed to combat -associated infections as alternative therapeutic options. In this study, the promising compound Z24 demonstrated efficacy against all tested plant pathogenic fungi.

Proteasomal processing of the viral replicase ORF1 facilitates HEV-induced liver fibrosis.

Chronic infections with hepatitis E virus (HEV), especially those of genotype 3 (G3), frequently lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients. However, the causation and mechanism of liver fibrosis triggered by chronic HEV infection remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the viral multiple-domain replicase (ORF1) undergoes unique ubiquitin-proteasomal processing leading to formation of the EV-erived MAD ctivator (HDSA), a viral polypeptide lacking putative helicase and RNA polymerase domains.

Direct Cytosolic Delivery of siRNA Conjugates: A Paradigm in Antiangiogenic Therapy for Choroidal Neovascularization.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has garnered tremendous interest as a potential therapeutic tool because of its intriguing gene-silencing ability. Toward the success in the manufacture of siRNA therapeutics for the potential treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), siRNA conjugated with dual functional units of membrane-penetrating heptafluoropropyl and age-related macular degeneration-targeting cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide was attempted for transcellular transportation into the cell interiors. Of note, cyclic RGD allowed selective affinities toward the angiogenic endothelial cells in the pathological CNV.

Multi-omics uncover acute stress vulnerability through gut-hypothalamic communication in ducks.

1. The avian gut hosts a complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem, which is essential for regulating host organ function. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and the hypothalamic axis in acute stress vulnerability in ducks remains unclear.

Low-Crystallized Carbon as an Electron Mediator in g-CN/C/TiO for Enhancing Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics.

Photodegradation of antibiotics based on photocatalytic semiconductors is a promising option to alleviate water pollution. Despite its limitations, TiO-based photocatalysts are still the most widely studied materials for pollutant degradation. In this work, a pomegranate-like g-CN/C/TiO nano-heterojunction was constructed using the hydrothermal-calcination method, consisting of interconnected small crystals with a dense structure and closely contacted interface.

Rapid quality evaluation of wheat flour containing moderate level of gluten using near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Background: Currently, flour quality evaluation methods are varied, but there are some issues, such as single evaluation indicators and insufficient comprehensiveness. The present study aimed to develop a more comprehensive and rapid evaluation method for flour quality.

Results: We first measured nine key quality indicators of dough samples, raw noodle products and cooked noodle products made from wheat flour.

A J-Domain Protein J3 Antagonizes ABI5-BINDING PROTEIN2 to Regulate CONSTANS Stability and Flowering Time.

CONSTANS (CO) plays a vital role in activating the expression of the florigen FT during photoperiod-dependent flowering. The diurnal oscillation of CO protein abundance is strictly controlled by daylength and the circadian clock. We showed previously that ABI5-BINDING PROTEIN2 (AFP2) represses CO expression to delay flowering.

CAS1-synthesized β-Caryophyllene enhances broad-spectrum stress resistance in tomatoes.

Plants have evolved a variety of regulatory mechanisms to adapt to changing environment conditions. Secondary metabolites play a crucial role in these adaptive processes. However, little is known about whether specific secondary metabolites confer broad-spectrum resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.

Pressure-Driven Circularly Polarized Luminescence Enhancement and Chirality Amplification.

Achieving ultrahigh-color-purity circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in low-dimensional chiral perovskites is challenging due to strong electron-phonon coupling caused by lead halide octahedral distortion. Herein, the circularly polarized piezoluminescence behaviors of six novel chiral perovskites, (/-3-XPEA)PbBr (PEA = phenethylamine; X = F, Cl, Br), were systematically investigated. Upon compression, (/-3-ClPEA)PbBr exhibits significant piezofluorochromic behaviors, transforming from yellow CPL to ultrahigh-color-purity deep-blue CPL.

Alleviation of salt stress in strawberries by hydrogen-rich water: Physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic responses.

The increasing impacts of climate change and intensified human activities exacerbate soil salinization, posing significant challenges to agricultural productivity. Therefore, addressing salt stress in crops is a critical area of research. In this study, strawberry seedlings (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.

Does income have a non-linear impact on residents' BMI? Re-examining the obesity Kuznets curve.

Background: After more than 40 years of growth, the income of Chinese residents has greatly increased; however, the problems of overweight and obesity among residents have become increasingly prominent.

Methods: We used data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to study the relationship between residents' income and obesity using the instrumental variable (IV) method.

Results: The impact of income on residents' body mass index (BMI) is an inverted U-shape; that is, when income is low, BMI significantly rises with income, and when per capita income exceeds 57,066 yuan in 2023 prices (equivalent to 8,098 dollars), further increases in income will lead to a decrease in BMI.

Food waste used as a resource can reduce climate and resource burdens in agrifood systems.

Global food loss and waste continues to increase despite efforts to reduce it. Food waste causes a disproportionally large carbon footprint and resource burdens, which require urgent action to transition away from a disposal-dominated linear system to a circular bioeconomy of recovery and reuse of valuable resources. Here, using data from field-based studies conducted under diverse conditions worldwide, we found collective evidence that composting, anaerobic digestion and repurposing food waste to animal feed (re-feed) result in emission reductions of about 1 tCOe t food waste recycled compared with landfill disposal.

A globular protein exhibits rare phase behavior and forms chemically regulated orthogonal condensates in cells.

Proteins with chemically regulatable phase separation are of great interest in the fields of biomolecular condensates and synthetic biology. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are the dominating building blocks of biomolecular condensates which often lack orthogonality and small-molecule regulation desired to create synthetic biomolecular condensates or membraneless organelles (MLOs). Here, we discover a well-folded globular protein, lipoate-protein ligase A (LplA) from E.

Resistance development to procymidone and boscalid in causing black spot disease on .

Fritillaria thunbergii is a valuable medicinal plant threatened by black spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata for which application of fungicides is the primary strategy. However, the detection and characterization of fungicide resistance status in F. thunbergii has not yet been reported.

Soil pH-dependent nitrogen stimulation of plant biomass: magnesium and calcium as key constraints.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition can alleviate N limitation and stimulate plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems. While theoretical models often emphasize phosphorus limitations as a constraint on this positive N effect, the impact of N-induced magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) deficits due to soil acidification has been largely overlooked. Here, we synthesized data from 243 experiments across diverse terrestrial ecosystems to investigate the role of Mg and Ca in plant biomass responses to N addition.

Theoretical study on the alkyl chain length impact of azobenzene-based photoresponsive ionic liquids.

The light-modulated isomerization and aggregation behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) in aqueous solutions holds fundamental and technological significance. Although several azobenzene-based photoresponsive ILs have been synthesized, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the aggregation mechanism, regularity of the alkyl chain length, and the position of the azobenzene (cis- and trans-) in these photoresponsive ILs. To elucidate the structure-property relationship of photoresponsive ILs, four types of azobenzene groups photosensitive ILs ([AzoCDMEA]Br, n = 2,4,6,10) in both trans- and cis- configurations were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

The mediating role of cognitive arousal in the relationship between impulsivity and sleep quality among college students: a random intercept cross-lagged panel analysis.

Impulsivity, cognitive arousal, and sleep quality are critical factors affecting college students' well-being and academic performance. While impulsivity negatively influences sleep quality, the mediating role of cognitive arousal remains underexplored. The present study assesses how impulsivity affects sleep quality through cognitive arousal.

Gradient all-nanostructured aerogel fibers for enhanced thermal insulation and mechanical properties.

Lightweight, nanoporous aerogel fibers are crucial for personal thermal management and specialized heat protection. However, wet-spinning methods, exemplified by aramid aerogels, inevitably form a dense outer layer, significantly reducing the volume fraction of efficient thermal barrier nanovoids and limiting the development of ultimate thermal resistance in fibers. Herein, we develop a microfluidic spinning method to prepare gradient all-nanostructure aramid aerogel fibers (GAFs).

Advances in biosynthesis of chiral amide herbicides and the key enzymes: dimethenamid-P and S-metolachlor as case studies.

Chiral amide herbicides represent a significant class of agrochemicals, widely used for effective weed control. Prominent examples include S-metolachlor and dimethenamid-P, both of which share the intermediate (S)-1-methoxy-2-propylamine, a key structural component in their synthesis. Developing green and sustainable methods for producing this intermediate is crucial for enhancing the environmental and economic feasibility of herbicide manufacturing.

Identification of Interaction Between Geminivirus and Plant Proteins by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC).

Geminiviruses rely heavily on complicated protein-protein interactions between viral proteins and between virus and host plant proteins to establish successful infection. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay is based on the in vivo complementation of nonfluorescent component parts of a fluorescent protein through the interaction of proximity target proteins, each fused to a different part of the fluorescent protein. Here, we describe a protocol for the BiFC-based method for the identification of the interaction between geminivirus and plant proteins, which allows for the visualization of protein-protein interactions and the subcellular localization of protein interaction complexes in living systems.

Begomovirus Transmission by the Insect Vector, the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci.

Begomoviruses are exclusively transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a persistent circulative manner and pose serious threat to the production of important cash crops worldwide. Here, we describe the protocols to study how the whiteflies transmit begomoviruses, including maintenance of whitefly and species identification, preparation of tomato plants infected with virus, acquisition and transmission of virus by whiteflies, dissection of whitefly organs, analysis of virus quantity in whiteflies, immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of virus in whitefly tissues, membrane feeding of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or antibody and microinjection of dsRNA in whiteflies.

Reshaped local microbiology metabolism by raw tea according to pile fermentation in the dark tea.

Introduction: Traditionally, the mechanism of dark tea quality formation has centered on microorganisms, with quality regulated by manipulating microorganisms and their fermentation environment. Nevertheless, raw teas, the natural selective medium of microbial community, was completely ignored in the formation of dark tea unique flavors.

Objectives: This study aims to uncover the previously unappreciated interactions between raw tea and microorganisms, demonstrating the significant role of raw tea in the formation of dark tea quality.