Instar identification and weight prediction of (Guenée) larvae using machine learning.

The Asian corn borer, (Guenée), emerges as a significant threat to maize cultivation, inflicting substantial damage upon the crops. Particularly, its larval stage represents a critical point characterised by significant economic consequences on maize yield. To manage the infestation of this pest effectively, timely and precise identification of its larval stages is required.

Enhancement Mechanism of Photo-Induced Artificial Boundary on Ultrastable Hybrid Solid-electrolyte Interphase of Si Anodes.

Unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) film resulting from chemically active surface state and huge volume fluctuation limits the development of Si-based anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a photo-initiated polypyrrole (PPy) coating is manufactured on Si nanoparticles to guide the in situ generation of PPy-integrated hybrid SEI film (hSEI). The hSEI film shows excellent structure stability and optimized component composition for lithium storage.

Nucleation-Controlled Crystallization of Chiral 2D Perovskite Single Crystal Thin Films for High-Sensitivity Circularly Polarized Light Detection.

2D Dion-Jacobson (DJ) chiral perovskite materials exhibit significant promise for developing high-performance circularly polarized light (CPL) photodetectors. However, the inherently thick nature of DJ-phase 2D perovskite single crystal limits their ability to differentiate CPL photons with the two opposite polarization states. In addition, the growth of DJ-phase perovskite single crystal thin films (SCTFs) has proven challenging due to the strong interlayer electronic coupling.

PerC B-Cells Activation via Thermogenetics-Based CXCL12 Generator for Intraperitoneal Immunity Against Metastatic Disseminated Tumor Cells.

During cancer peritoneal metastasis (PM), conventional antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages) promote tumorigenesis and immunosuppression in peritoneal cavity. While intraperitoneal immunotherapy (IPIT) has been used in clinical investigations to relieve PM, the limited knowledge of peritoneal immunocytes has hindered the development of therapeutic IPIT. Here, a dendritic cell-independent, next-generation IPIT is described that activates peritoneal cavity B (PerC B) cell subsets for intraperitoneal anti-tumor immunity via exogenous antigen presentation.

Endothelial TRIM35-Regulated MMP10 Release Exacerbates Calcification of Vascular Grafts.

Vascular calcification is a highly regulated process in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is strongly correlated with morbidity and mortality, especially in the adverse stage of vascular remodeling after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). However, the pathogenesis of vascular graft calcification, particularly the role of endothelial-smooth muscle cell interaction, is still unclear. To test how ECs interact with SMCs in artery grafts, single-cell analysis of wild-type mice is first performed using an arterial isograft mouse model and found robust cytokine-mediated signaling pathway activation and SMC proliferation, together with upregulated endothelial tripartite motif 35 (TRIM35) expression.

Woven Cement Slurry.

Weaving, a pivotal technique in human construction activities since the Neolithic era, remains unattainable in modern concrete construction. Here, a novel particle-polymer coalescence strategy is proposed, which involves electrostatic, bridging, coordinating, and hydrogen bonding interactions, to establish balanced particle cohesion, enabling the fabrication of stretchable cement slurry. The bending, knotting, coiling, winding, and interlacing of cement filaments for structural textiles is successfully realized beyond traditional formwork casting, grouting, and 3D-printing, and fabricate the first-ever Chinese knot woven with cement.

Harmony in Motion: The Role of Exercise in Orchestrating Neuroprotection for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Examined from a Psychological Perspective.

According to epidemiological studies, diabetes is more common in patients with AD, which suggests that diabetes is a significant risk factor for AD. Accelerating brain cell degeneration, worsening cognitive decline, and increasing susceptibility to AD can be attributed to pathogenic mechanisms linked to diabetes, such as impaired insulin signaling in the brain, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and vascular impairment. These factors can also lead to the accumulation of β-amyloid and tau protein phosphorylation.

CDK8 as a therapeutic target for overall survival prediction in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC).

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a paracrine transcriptional regulator involved in regulating cellular stress response, growth, and neurological functions, in conjunction with mediator complex subunits 12 (MED12), MED13, and cyclin C.Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a paracrine transcriptional regulator involved in regulating cellular stress response, growth and neurological functions，in conjunction with mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12), MED13 and cyclin C. Studying the relationship between CDK8 and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) has significant clinical implications in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Asymmetric Organocatalytic 1,6-Conjugate Addition of Alkynyl 8-Methylenenaphthalen-2(8)-one Formed In Situ: Synergistic Construction of Axial and Central Chirality.

Organocatalytic enantioselective formal nucleophilic substitution reactions of α-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-8-yl)propargyl alcohols with 1-(1-indol-3-yl)naphthalen-2-ols have been established for the first time. With the aid of a suitable chiral phosphoric acid, alkynyl 8-methylenenaphthalen-2(8)-one was formed in situ from the corresponding α-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-8-yl)propargyl alcohol, followed by enantioselective 1,6-conjugate additions of 1-(1-indol-3-yl)naphthalen-2-ols to afford a number of enantioenriched (,)-2,3-disubstituted indoles in 50-80% yields with 81-93% ee and (,)-2,3-disubstituted indoles in 18-40% yields with 79-96% ee. Notably, these nucleophilic substitution products were characterized by the presence of functional groups, including indole, naphthol, and alkynyl units, while exhibiting both axial and central chirality.

C-Based Route for Vinyl Chloride Synthesis with Environmental and Economic Benefits.

Selective coupling of C platform molecules to C olefins is a cornerstone for establishing a sustainable chemical industry based on nonpetroleum sources. Vinyl chloride (CHCl), one of the top commodity petrochemicals, is commercially produced from coal- or oil-derived C hydrocarbon (acetylene and ethylene) feedstocks with a high carbon footprint. Here, we report a C-based route for vinyl chloride synthesis via the selective oxidative coupling of methyl chloride.

Optimized Photochromic Performance of Spiropyran through Incorporation into Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks and Applications in Anticounterfeiting and Information Encryption.

Photostimulus-responsive fluorescent materials are promising for anticounterfeiting and UV printing due to rapid response and simple preparation. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy to prepare photostimulus-responsive materials SP@HOF-olefin by integrating the photochromic molecule spiropyran (SP) with postsynthetic modified hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOF-olefin). Compared to SP@HOF, the composites SP@HOF-olefin exhibit enhanced photochromic properties, such as a fast response speed, pronounced color contrast, and exceptional fatigue resistance.

Photoresponse Design in Metal Oxide Semiconductor TFTs toward Diverse Applications: Display Drivers, Photodetectors, and Optoelectronic Synapses.

Different application domains impose diverse and often conflicting requirements on the optoelectronic performance of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) thin-film transistors (TFTs). These varying demands present substantial challenges in the selection of TFT materials and the optimization of device performance. This study begins by examining three primary application areas for TFTs: display drivers, photodetectors, and optoelectronic synapses.

Dirty Environment, Dark Mood: Exploring the Link Between Perceived Environmental Pollution and Depression Risk.

To explore the impact of perceived environmental pollution on individual depression risk and the mechanisms involved, particularly the mediating roles of health level and life confidence. Ordinary least squares, Ologit, and Oprobit models were employed to analyze data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies to test the hypothesized relations outlined above. The findings indicate that perceived environmental pollution significantly increases depression risk (β = 0.

Deciphering the senescence-based tumoral heterogeneity and characteristics in pancreatic cancer: Results from parallel bulk and single-cell transcriptome data.

The prevalent intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity results in undesirable prognosis and therapy failure of pancreatic cancer, potentially resulting from cellular senescence. Herein, integrated analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq profiling was conducted to characterize senescence-based heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer. Publicly available bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing from pancreatic cancer patients were gathered from TCGA-PAAD, PACA-AU, PACA-CA, and GSE154778 datasets.

Clinical Features of COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

Objective: This study was conducted to further understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).

Methods: In this study, we conducted a multicenter retrospective survey, which included patients with COVID-19 from five hospitals in Zhejiang, China. A total of 197 patients with COVID-19 were included in the study.

Cuproplasia and cuproptosis, two sides of the coin.

Copper is an essential micronutrient in the human body, mainly acting as a crucial cofactor required for a wide range of physiological processes across nearly all cell types. Recent advances revealed that tumor cells seize copper to fulfill their rapid proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and so on by reprogramming the copper regulatory network, defined as cuproplasia. Thus, targeting copper chelation to reduce copper levels has been considered a rational tumor therapy strategy.

RIOK1: A Novel Oncogenic Driver in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and highly lethal cancers worldwide. RIO kinase 1 (RIOK1), a protein kinase/ATPase that plays a key role in regulating translation and ribosome assembly, is associated with a variety of malignant tumors. However, the role of RIOK1 in HCC remains largely unknown.

Advances in Prenatal Cell-Free DNA Screening for Dominant Monogenic Conditions: A Review of Current Progress and Future Directions in Clinical Implementation.

Prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening has advanced significantly, extending beyond detecting aneuploidies to sub-chromosomal copy number variations. However, its application for screening dominant single-gene conditions, often caused by de novo variants, remains underutilized in the general obstetric population. This study reviews recent data and experience on prenatal cfDNA screening for dominant monogenic conditions using multiple-gene panels, highlighting its potential to enhance early detection and management of genetic disorders.

Interventricular septal dissection secondary to acute inferior myocardial infarction: case series and literature review.

Background: Interventricular septal dissection is a critical disease characterized by the separation of the intraventricular septum into two layers, forming an intermediate layer with a cystic cavity that communicates with the root of the aorta or ventricle. It has low morbidity and high mortality rates.

Case Presentation: Case 1: A 58-year-old male with a history of hypertension and smoking presented to a local hospital due to chest tightness and pain for 4 days.

Near-infrared light reflection for the early detection of proximal caries in posterior teeth: an in vivo study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of near-infrared light reflection for detecting different depths of proximal caries in posterior teeth and to compare it with commonly used clinical oral examinations and bitewing radiography images.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with a total of 516 proximal surfaces were included in this study. The ground truth of the proximal caries was determined through a consensus reached by two experienced dentists after an intraoral examination assisted by bitewing radiographs.

Empowering wastewater treatment with step scheme heterojunction ternary nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of nitrophenol.

The ongoing challenge of water pollution necessitates innovative approaches to remove organic contaminants from wastewater. In this work, new two-dimensional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts BiO/CdS and MoS/BiO/CdS that are intended for the effective photocatalytic destruction of 4-nitrophenol, a dangerous organic pollutant, are synthesized and characterized. Utilizing a solvothermal method, successfully generated these ternary nanocomposites, which were characterized through various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electronmicroscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Telle (BET) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS).

Water-regulated viscosity-plasticity phase transitions in a peptide self-assembled muscle-like hydrogel.

The self-assembly of small molecules through non-covalent interactions is an emerging and promising strategy for building dynamic, stable, and large-scale structures. One remaining challenge is making the non-covalent interactions occur in the ideal positions to generate strength comparable to that of covalent bonds. This work shows that small molecule YAWF can self-assemble into a liquid-crystal hydrogel (LCH), the mechanical properties of which could be controlled by water.

Single soliton microcomb combined with optical phased array for parallel FMCW LiDAR.

The frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) technology combined with optical phased array (OPA) is promising for the all-solid-state light detection and ranging (LiDAR). We propose and experimentally demonstrate a silicon integrated OPA combined with an optical frequency microcomb for parallel LiDAR system. For realizing the parallel wavelengths emission consistent with Rayleigh criterion, the wide waveguide beyond single mode region combined with the bound state in the continuum (BIC) effect is harnessed to obtain an ultra-long optical grating antenna array.

[Development and validation of a risk prediction model for early postoperative high intraocular pressure after implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens].

To develop and validate a predictive model for assessing the risk of early postoperative high intraocular pressure (HIOP) following posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The clinical data of patients who underwent posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between May 2023 and April 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into a modeling group and a validation group with a 7∶3 ratio using computerized random allocation.

Digital Health Innovations to Catalyze the Transition to Value-Based Health Care.

The health care industry is currently going through a transformation due to the integration of technologies and the shift toward value-based health care (VBHC). This article explores how digital health solutions play a role in advancing VBHC, highlighting both the challenges and opportunities associated with adopting these technologies. Digital health, which includes mobile health, wearable devices, telehealth, and personalized medicine, shows promise in improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment options, and overall health outcomes.