Chiral Locomotion Transitions of an Active Gel and Their Chemomechanical Origin.

Transitions between chiral rotational locomotion modes occur in a variety of active individuals and populations, such as sidewinders, self-propelled chiral droplets, and dense bacterial suspensions. Despite recent progress in the study of active matter, general principles governing rotational chiral transition remain elusive. Here, we study, experimentally and theoretically, rotational locomotion and its chiral transition in a 2D polyacrylamide (PAAm)-based BZ gel driven by Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction-diffusion waves.

Integrative Analyses of Biomarkers and Pathways in Oxidative Stress-Related Genes for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Problem: Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but it was not well understood. We aimed to investigate the biomarkers and underlying mechanisms of OS-related genes in GDM.

Method Of Study: The GSE103552 and GSE70493 datasets of GDM were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Engineered Cell Membrane-Coated Keratin Nanoparticles Attenuated Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Remodeling the Disc Microenvironment.

Characterized by a cascade of profound changes in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and biomechanics, intervertebral disc degeneration is a common multifactorial condition that may lead to various degenerative lumbar disorders. Therapeutic strategies targeting a single factor have shown limited efficacy in treating disc degeneration, and approaches that address multiple pathological ingredients are barely reported. In this study, engineered cell membrane-encapsulated keratin nanoparticles are developed to simultaneously alleviate NP cell senescence and promote ECM remodeling.

Portable Video Otoscope for Intra-Tympanic Dexamethasone in ISSNHL Treatment: A Promising Method.

This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of portable ear endoscopic tympanic injection versus conventional ear endoscopic tympanic injection in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Clinical data of 128 patients with ISSNHL who did not respond to conventional treatment were collected from January 2019 to June 2023. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 60) received portable ear endoscopic tympanic injection, while Group 2 (n = 68) received conventional ear endoscopic tympanic injection.

Development and Validation of a Competitive Risk Model in Elderly Patients with Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Transitional cell bladder carcinoma (tcBC) is the predominant form of bladder cancer, making up around 95% of reported cases. Prognostic factors for older individuals with tcBC differ from those affecting younger patients. The main purpose of this study was to establish a prognostic competing risk model for elderly patients with tcBC.

Monitoring of ventilation in prone position in a patient diagnosed with scrub typhus and acute respiratory distress syndrome by using an electrical impedance tomography: a case report.

Scrub typhus is an infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is transmitted through bite of chigger mite larvae and presents with symptoms such as fever, myalgia, headache, rash, and a characteristic eschar at the site of mite bites. This report details the case of a woman exhibiting acute febrile illness, bilateral pneumonia, and severe hypoxemia, prompting suspicion of scrub typhus due to the presence of a typical eschar on the pubic mound.

Radiofrequency ablation combined with immunotherapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review.

Background And Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly immunogenic tumor and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an increasing incidence. Therefore, the combination of immunotherapy with other approaches, such as anti-angiogenic agents and local area therapy, has become a new strategy for HCC treatment.

Methods: We searched PubMed and Web of Science and extracted publications relating to the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and immunotherapy.

Establishing of a risk prediction model for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Over 30% of people worldwide suffer from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a significant global health issue. Identifying and preventing high-risk individuals for MASLD early is crucial. The purpose of our study is to investigate the factors related to the development of MASLD and develop a risk prediction model for its occurrence.

Mechanistic Insights into the Aerobic Oxidation of 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furfural to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid on Pd Catalysts.

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is one of the top selected value-added chemicals, which can be obtained by the aerobic oxidation of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furfural (BHMF) over a Pd-based catalyst. However, the elucidation of the reaction mechanism was hindered by its rapid kinetics. Herein, employing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we delve into the detailed reaction pathways of the BHMF oxidation into FDCA over Pd(111) and PdH(111) identifying the rate-determining steps.

The use of large language models in detecting Chinese ultrasound report errors.

This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in improving the accuracy of Chinese ultrasound reports. Data from three hospitals (January-April 2024) including 400 reports with 243 errors across six categories were analyzed. Three GPT versions and Claude 3.

Whole slide image based deep learning refines prognosis and therapeutic response evaluation in lung adenocarcinoma.

Existing prognostic models are useful for estimating the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients, but there remains room for improvement. In the current study, we developed a deep learning model based on histopathological images to predict the recurrence risk of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The efficiency of the model was then evaluated in independent multicenter cohorts.

Multiple Protophilic Redox-Active Sites in Reticular Organic Skeletons for Superior Proton Storage.

Protons (H+) with the smallest size and fastest redox kinetics are regarded as competitive charge carriers in the booming Zn-organic batteries (ZOBs). Developing new H+-storage organic cathode materials with multiple ultralow-energy-barrier protophilic sites and super electron delocalization routes to propel superior ZOBs is crucial but still challenging. Here we design multiple protophilic redox-active reticular organic skeletons (ROSs) for activating better proton storage, triggered by intermolecular H-bonding and π-π stacking interactions between 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone and 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol nanofibrous polymer.

Clinical performance of minimally invasive full-mouth rehabilitation using different materials and techniques for patients with moderate to severe tooth wear: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate short, mid and long-term clinical outcomes and patients' satisfaction of minimally invasive full-mouth rehabilitation using different materials and techniques for patients with moderate to severe tooth wear. Furthermore, materials were analyzed to identify their influences on clinical results.

Materials And Methods: Search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, Embase, Web of science and Scopus until December 19, 2024.

Epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical impact of bacterial heteroresistance.

Bacterial heteroresistance, a phenomenon where subpopulations within a bacterial strain exhibit significantly reduced antibiotic susceptibility compared to the main population, poses a major challenge in managing infectious diseases. It is considered an intermediate stage in the evolution of bacteria towards full resistance. Heteroresistant strains often have a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) that appears sensitive, making detection and differentiation in clinical settings difficult.

T cell immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 escapees targeting two cytotoxic T cell epitope hotspots.

Although antibody escape is observed in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, T cell escape, especially after the global circulation of BA.2.86/JN.

FGF-based drug discovery: advances and challenges.

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family comprises 15 paracrine-acting and 3 endocrine-acting polypeptides, which govern a multitude of processes in human development, metabolism and tissue homeostasis. Therapeutic endocrine FGFs have recently advanced in clinical trials, with FGF19 and FGF21-based therapies on the cusp of approval for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis and metabolic syndrome-associated steatohepatitis, respectively. By contrast, while paracrine FGFs were once thought to be promising drug candidates for wound healing, burns, tissue repair and ischaemic ailments based on their potent mitogenic and angiogenic properties, repeated failures in clinical trials have led to the widespread perception that the development of paracrine FGF-based drugs is not feasible.

In situ construction of MOF derived CoNC anchored on N-doped carbon xerogel sphere as efficient bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries.

Electrocatalytic materials with dual functions of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have received increasing attention in the field of zinc-air batteries (ZABs) research. In this study, bifunctional CoNC@NCXS catalysts were prepared by anchoring Co and N co-doped CoNC on N-doped carbon xerogel sphere (NCXS) based on the spatially confined domain effect and in-situ doping technique. CoNC@NCXS exhibited excellent ORR/OER activity in alkaline electrolytes with the ORR onset potential of 0.

Leveraging synthetic data to improve regional sea level predictions.

The rapid increase in sea levels driven by climate change presents serious risks to coastal communities around the globe. Traditional prediction models frequently concentrate on developed regions with extensive tide gauge networks, leaving a significant gap in data and forecasts for developing countries where the tide gauges are sparse. This study presents a novel deep learning approach that combines TimesGAN with ConvLSTM to enhance regional sea level predictions using the more widely available satellite altimetry data.

A multilayered regulatory network mediated by protein phosphatase 4 controls carbon catabolite repression and de-repression in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and de-repression (CCDR) are critical for fungal development and pathogenicity, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood in pathogenic fungi. Here, we identify a serine/threonine protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, Pp4c, as essential for growth, conidiation, virulence, and the utilization of carbohydrates and lipids in Magnaporthe oryzae. We demonstrate that the protein phosphatase 4 complex (Pp4c and Smek1 subunits), the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Snf1, and the transcriptional regulators CreA (repressor) and Crf1 (activator) collaboratively regulate the utilization of non-preferred carbon sources.

Bilayer electrified-membrane with pair-atom tin catalysts for near-complete conversion of low concentration nitrate to dinitrogen.

Discharge of wastewater containing nitrate (NO) disrupts aquatic ecosystems even at low concentrations. However, selective and rapid reduction of NO at low concentration to dinitrogen (N) is technically challenging. Here, we present an electrified membrane (EM) loaded with Sn pair-atom catalysts for highly efficient NO reduction to N in a single-pass electrofiltration.

Hierarchical braking accurate control of electrohydraulic composite braking system for electric vehicles.

For the electrohydraulic composite braking system, the general total braking force calculation strategy frequently ignores the resist forces, thereby cannot track the braking intention of driver perfectly. Moreover, the torque allocation process reduces the control reliability and energy recovery effect. In this research, a novel hierarchical braking accurate control (HBAC) algorithm is designed to achieve both the control accuracy and the ideal energy recovery efficiency.

Nitrate induced hepatic fibrosis in tadpoles of Bufo gargarizans by mediating alterations in toll-like receptor signaling pathways.

The nitrate pollution has become an increasingly serious environmental problem worldwide, and the toxic effects of elevated nitrate levels in the environment on aquatic animals remain to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of liver injury to tadpoles after exposure to nitrate from embryonic to metamorphic climax and to assess the recovery process of liver function after cessation of exposure. In the group with continuous nitrate exposure, the livers and thyroid of tadpoles showed remarkably histological lesions, of this with structural disorganization of the hepatocytes, cellular atrophy, and fibrosis, as well as significant reduction in the follicular and colloidal area of the thyroid.