Excretion of Amyloid-β in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Regulation by the Gut Microbiota.

Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ) is important in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Removal of Aβ from the brain is a major strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD.

Objective: To clarify whether Aβ42 can be cleared by intestinal excretion and whether the gut microbiota (GM) can affect the excretory clearance of Aβ42 in the peripheral blood and intestines.

The SPATA2/CYLD pathway contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis via enhancing ferritinophagy.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death and contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, but the mechanisms behind intracellular iron overload in cardiomyocyte after administration of doxorubicin remain largely unknown. Ferritinophagy is a selective type of autophagy and could be a novel source for intracellular free iron. Spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 (SPATA2), a member of the TNF signaling pathway, can recruit cylindromatosis (CYLD, a deubiquitinating enzyme) to regulate cell death.

HDAC8 Promotes Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Inhibition of IRF1 and Upregulation of SUCNR1.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are well-characterized for their involvement in tumor progression. Herein, the current study set out to unravel the association of HDAC8 with colorectal cancer (CRC). Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to retrieve the expression patterns of HDAC8 in CRC and the underlying mechanism.

Integrated microarray for identifying the hub mRNAs and constructed miRNA-mRNA network in coronary in-stent restenosis.

As a major complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients who suffer from coronary artery disease, in-stent restenosis (ISR) poses a significant challenge for clinical management. A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of ISR can be constructed to better reveal the occurrence of ISR. The relevant data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was downloaded, and 284 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and 849 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) were identified.

Label-free fluorescent aptasensor for chloramphenicol based on hybridization chain reaction amplification and G-quadruplex/-methyl mesoporphyrin IX complexation.

The use of the broad-spectrum antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) in food is strictly regulated or banned in many countries. Herein, for the sensitive, rapid, and specific detection of CAP in milk, a label-free fluorescence strategy was established based on guanine (G)-quadruplex/-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) complex formation and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification. In this system, CAP can specifically bind to an aptamer (Apt) to release an Apt-C sequence from double-stranded DNA (Apt·Apt-C).

Corrigendum: Efficacy and Safety of Shenqu Xiaoshi Oral Liquid Compared With Domperidone Syrup in Children With Functional Dyspepsia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Is adjacent lobe invasion an T category upgrade factor for resected non-small cell lung cancer ≤ 5 cm?

Purpose: Controversy exists with regard to the T category of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with adjacent lobe invasion (ALI), and dispute arises on assigning this subset into T2 or T3 category. We evaluated the effect of ALI on the survival of resected NSCLC ≤ 5 cm, with purpose of determining the most appropriate T category for this population.

Methods: The entire cohort was divided into three subgroups (ALI group, T2 group and T3 group).

Knee Osteoarthritis Therapy: Recent Advances in Intra-Articular Drug Delivery Systems.

Drug delivery for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment is a continuous challenge because of their poor bioavailability and rapid clearance in joints. Intra-articular (IA) drug delivery is a common strategy and its therapeutic effects depend mainly on the efficacy of the drug-delivery system used for OA therapy. Different types of IA drug-delivery systems, such as microspheres, nanoparticles, and hydrogels, have been rapidly developed over the past decade to improve their therapeutic effects.

Abnormal immune function of MDSC and NK cells from chronic phase CML patients restores with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) -mediated immune suppression, and natural killer (NK) and/or T cell-mediated immune responses play important roles in Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, detailed regulation mechanisms of these immune cells in CML have not been fully elucidated.

Methods: The proportion of MDSCs and effector NK cells in newly diagnosed CML patients, patients during TKI treatment, and healthy donors (HD) were detected using flow cytometry.

Case Report: Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complete Surgical Resection After Portal Vein Embolization and Multimodality Therapy.

A high proportion of massive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not amenable for surgical resection at initial diagnosis, owing to insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) or an inadequate surgical margin. For such patients, portal vein embolization (PVE) is an essential approach to allow liver hypertrophy and prepare for subsequent surgery. However, the conversion resection rate of PVE only is unsatisfactory because of tumor progression while awaiting liver hypertrophy.

Proteomic Analysis of Serum Lysine Acetylation in Uyghur Patients With T2DM.

Lysine acetylation is a reversible modification process after protein translation, which plays a key regulatory role in various metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Uyghur population is high, but the acetylation status of proteomics in Uyghur with T2DM is still unclear. Herein, we performed a quantitative proteomic study of lysine acetylation in T2DM patients using Tandem Mass Tags (TMTs) labeling, acetylation enrichment techniques, and high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A Long-Term Clearing Cranial Window for Longitudinal Imaging of Cortical and Calvarial Ischemic Injury through the Intact Skull.

Skull is a reservoir for supplying immune cells that mediate brain immune surveillance. However, during intravital optical imaging of brain, conventional cranial windows requiring skull thinning or removal disrupt brain immunity integrity. Here, a novel long-term clearing cranial window (LCCW) based on the intact skull, dedicated to chronic skull transparency maintenance, is proposed.

N-α-Acetyltransferase 10 inhibits invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma via regulating Pirh2-p53 signalling pathway.

N-α-Acetyltransferase 10 (NAA10) was reported to be involved in tumour invasion and metastasis in several of tumours. However, the role and mechanism of NAA10-mediated invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains undetermined. Herein, our study showed that NAA10 inhibits cell migration and invasion in vitro and attenuates the xenograft tumorigenesis in nude mice.

Predictive values of baseline matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels in peripheral blood on 3-month outcomes of high-risk patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Background And Purpose: To explore the relationship between baseline levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in peripheral blood and the outcomes in patients with acute minor stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Methods: We assessed data from patients with acute minor ischemic stroke or TIA who were included in the CHANCE (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events) trial. Baseline level of MMP9 in peripheral blood is classified into five quintiles.

Glibenclamide Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury through NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway.

Glibenclamide displays an anti-inflammatory response in various pulmonary diseases, but its exact role in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of glibenclamide in vivo and in vitro on the development of LPS-induced ALI in a mouse model. LPS stimulation resulted in increases in lung injury score, wet/dry ratio, and capillary permeability in lungs, as well as in total protein concentration, inflammatory cells, and inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues, whereas glibenclamide treatment reduced these changes.

SYT-SSX1 enhances the invasiveness and maintains stem-like cell properties in synovial sarcoma via induction of TGF-β1/Smad signaling.

Background: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of undetermined tissue origin, which is characterized by the recurrent pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t (X;18)(p11.2; q11.2).

Humanized Mouse Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Opportunities and Challenges.

Animal models have played a crucial role in the understanding of the mechanisms and treatments of human diseases; however, owing to the large differences in genetic background and disease-specific characteristics, animal models cannot fully simulate the occurrence and progression of human diseases. Recently, humanized immune system mice, based on immunodeficient mice, have been developed that allow for the partial reconstruction of the human immune system and mimic the human microenvironment. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease characterized by the loss of tolerance to autoantigens, overproduction of autoantibodies, and inflammation in multiple organ systems.

Assessment of tissue-specific changes in structure and function induced by in vivo skin/skull optical clearing techniques.

Background Objectives: Newly developed in vivo skin and skull optical clearing techniques can greatly improve the optical imaging performance, showing great advantages and clinical prospects. However, there is a poor understanding of in vivo optical clearing-induced changes in the skin and skull.

Materials And Methods: Here, we employed in vivo skin/skull optical clearing techniques to improve the optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging quality.

Identification of Potential Genomic Alterations and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Primary and Recurrent Synovial Sarcomas.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is one of the most invasive soft tissue sarcomas, prone to recurrence and metastasis, and the efficacy of surgical treatment and chemotherapy for SS remains poor. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of SS remain a significant challenge. This study aimed to analyze the mutated genes of primary SS (PSS) and recurrent SS (RSS), discover whether these sarcomas exhibit some potential mutated genes, and then predict associated microRNAs (miRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNA) by analyzing the mutated genes.

Single-cell analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifies a novel fibroblast subtype associated with poor prognosis but better immunotherapy response.

The current pathological and molecular classification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) provides limited guidance for treatment options, especially for immunotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major players of desmoplastic stroma in PDAC, modulating tumor progression and therapeutic response. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we explored the intertumoral heterogeneity among PDAC patients with different degrees of desmoplasia.

A Case of Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast with Mixed Liposarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Phyllodes tumors (PTs) account for less than 1% of breast tumors, and malignant PTs account for even less. Here, we described an unusual case of malignant PT with mixed liposarcoma (myxoid liposarcoma [MLP] and pleomorphic liposarcoma [PLP]). A 52-year-old woman discovered a small lump in her left breast.

The attenuation of Th1 and Th17 responses via autophagy protects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced sepsis.

Whether autophagy affects methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced sepsis and the associated mechanisms are largely unknown. This study investigated the role of autophagy in MRSA-induced sepsis. The levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II/I, Beclin-1 and p62 after USA300 infection were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.

An fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensing platform based on signal amplification strategy of hybridization chain reaction and triplex DNA for the detection of Chloramphenicol in milk.

The use of chloramphenicol (CAP) in food had been strictly regulated or banned in many countries. Herein, an enzyme-free fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy was established for sensitive, rapid and specific detection of CAP in milk, which was based on triplex DNA and hybridization chain reaction amplification. CAP can specifically bind to the aptamer and release the trigger sequence, causing HCR to efficiently prime and forming triplex DNA, hence the FRET pairs (FAM and TAMRA) were close enough to cause fluorescent decreases.