Neonatal birth asphyxia and associated factors among newborns delivered and admitted to NICU in selected public hospitals, under Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, A cross-sectional study.

Background: In developing countries birth asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the implementation of various strategies and interventions to combat neonatal mortality rates, birth asphyxia remains the main public health concern in Ethiopia. Moreover, limited studies have been conducted, especially in the study area and there are no multicenter analyses available to generate evidence for action.

Extended tests for evaluating post-traumatic brain injury deficits in resource-limited settings: methods and pilot study data.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of all injury-related deaths and disabilities in the world, especially in low to middle-income countries (LMICs) which also suffer from lower levels of funding for all levels of the health care system for patients suffering from TBI. These patients do not generally get comprehensive diagnostic workup, monitoring, or treatment, and return to work too quickly, often with undiagnosed post-traumatic deficits which in turn can lead to subsequent incidents of physical harm.

Methods: Here, we share methods and results from our research project to establish innovative, simple, and scientifically based practices that dramatically leverage technology and validated testing strategies to identify post-TBI deficits quickly and accurately, to circumvent economic realities on the ground in LMICs.

Sub-Saharan African experience of neurosurgical oncology care: challenges and barriers encountered at 7 cancer treatment centers.

Objective: Wide disparities in neurosurgical oncology care and treatment outcomes exist globally despite recent improvements in diagnostics and cancer therapy. To better understand the challenges to neurosurgical oncology care in low-resource settings, the authors collected data on national neurosurgical capacity and hospital diagnostic and treatment capacity across 7 national referral hospitals in 7 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods: In April 2023, a 42-item self-administered questionnaire was distributed to partner neurosurgeons at the 7 centers via REDCap to provide country- and hospital-level capacity data on neurosurgical oncology care.

Facilitators and barriers to implementing chest radiography in tuberculosis systematic screening of clinically high-risk groups in Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Background: Chest X-ray has been included in national tuberculosis screening algorithms as a sensitive tuberculosis screening tool among high-risk groups. However, the implementation was influenced by multiple factors. We aimed to explore facilitators and barriers to implementing chest X-ray in systematic tuberculosis screening of clinically high-risk groups in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Dual view deep learning for enhanced breast cancer screening using mammography.

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among women in Ethiopia compared to other types of cancer. Unfortunately, many cases are detected at a stage where a cure is delayed or not possible. To address this issue, mammography-based screening is widely accepted as an effective technique for early detection.

Folic acid prescription practice for high-risk prevention of spina bifida at a tertiary care hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Purpose: Mothers who have had a pregnancy affected by spina bifida are advised to take 4-5 mg/day folic acid pills to prevent recurrence. The folic acid prescription pattern was examined for high-risk mothers whose children received spina bifida surgery in an urban Ethiopian hospital.

Methods: Data were analyzed from a large Ethiopian urban tertiary care hospital that provided spina bifida care.

Pediatric neurosurgical-oncology scope and management paradigms in Sub-Saharan Africa: a collaboration among 7 referral hospitals on the subcontinent.

Background: Understanding of the epidemiology and biology of pediatric CNS tumors has advanced dramatically over the last decade; however there remains a discrepancy in the understanding of epidemiologic data and clinical capacity between high- and lower-income countries.

Objective: We collected and analyzed hospital-level burden and capacity-oriented data from pediatric neurosurgical oncology units at 7 referral hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods: A cross sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using REDCap at the 7 SSA sites, capturing 3-month aggregate data for patients managed over a total of 9 months.

Outcomes of Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer in Patients Aged >80 Years: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis examined the surgical management of older patients (>80 years) with gastric cancer, who were often excluded from randomized controlled trials. We analyzed 23 retrospective cohort studies involving 18,372 patients and found that older patients had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (relative risk [RR], 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.

Addressing knowledge gaps in Surgical Safety Checklist use: statistical process control analysis of a surgical quality improvement programme in Ethiopia.

Background: The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist reduces morbidity and mortality after surgery, but uptake remains challenging. In particular, low-income countries have been found to have lower rates of checklist use compared with high-income countries. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of educational workshops on Surgical Safety Checklist use implemented as part of a quality improvement initiative in five hospitals in Ethiopia that had variable experience with the Surgical Safety Checklist.

Cardiometabolic syndrome in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative cohort study.

Unlabelled: Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMetS) has recently emerged as a serious public health concern, particularly for individuals living with chronic conditions. This study aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of CMetS, as well as the risk factors linked with it, in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adult patients.

Methods: A comparative cohort study was designed.

Factors associated with discontinuation among long-acting reversible contraceptive users: a multisite prospective cohort study in urban public health facilities in Ethiopia.

Objective: The study aims to determine discontinuation among long-acting reversible contraceptive users at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after initiation and its associated factors among new long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) users.

Design: A facility-based multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted with a sample size of 1766 women.

Setting: The study was conducted in five large cities of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Gondar, Mekelle, Jimma and Harar) between March 2017 and December 2018.

Health-Related Quality-of-Life and Associated Factors Among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases during childhood and adolescence. It threatens the health and endangers life with consequences for the physical and emotional development of the child and adolescent. Our study aimed at determining the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and factors affecting it in children and adolescents with T1DM.

Antiretroviral Therapy Service Quality and Associated Factors at Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.

Background: It is important to offer high-quality HIV/AIDS treatment and antiretroviral medication to people living with the disease to improve health outcomes. The quality of health services has become a public health issue.

Objective: To assess ART service quality and associated factors at a selected public hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2021.

Biomarkers and Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome Among People Living With HIV/AIDS, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Study.

Background: While the fast extension of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in significant increases in life expectancy, disorders such as cardiometabolic syndrome (CMetS), which have received less attention, are becoming a major concern in HIV/AIDS patients (PLWHA).

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify biomarkers and determine the prevalence of CMetS in PLWHA using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) tools.

Methods: Between January 2019 and February 2021, a hospital-based study of HIV-infected patients (n = 288) was conducted.

Predicting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A hospital-based study.

Background: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) is an emerging problem among People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The current study aimed at determining the risk of ASCVD among PLWHA using the Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) and the Framingham Risk score (FRS).

Methods: A hospital-based study was carried out from January 2019 to February 2020 in PLWHA.

Overview of child sexual and substance abuse among children in Ethiopia.

Background: Child sexual abuse is common typically concealed while substance abuse is unhidden in their nature of practice globally.

Objective: The study aims to express the overview of child sexual and substance abuse among children in Ethiopia.

Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study design with simple random sampling method was used to recruit study participants, after the allocation of sample size to the study institutions.

Serum Lipid Profiles of Patients Taking Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimen Compared to Ritonavir-Boosted Atazanavir with an Optimized Background at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Dyslipidemia represents significant health care concerns in patients taking antiretroviral therapy due to their association with cardiovascular disease risk. There is limited data regarding the effects of boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) treatment in the lipid profiles of Ethiopian HIV patients. Thus, this study compares the mean values of lipid profile differences of HIV patients on ATV/r-based regimen compared to efavirenz (EFV)-based regimen, while the background is Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/lamivudine.

HIV Disclosure: HIV-positive status disclosure to sexual partners among individuals receiving HIV care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners can help HIV prevention efforts and enable HIV positive people to receive social support, as well as increasing access and adherence to treatment. This study was conducted to determine the rate, processes, outcomes, and correlates of HIV status disclosure to sexual partners among HIV positive individuals.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2015 at two HIV outpatient clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Treatment outcomes of childhood tuberculosis in Addis Ababa: a five-year retrospective analysis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) kills one child every 5 min. Childhood TB is given low priority in most national health programmes particularly in TB-endemic areas. TB among children is an indicator of a recent transmission of the disease in the community.

The burden of road traffic injuries in an emergency department in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Setting: The emergency department (ED) of Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objective: To document the proportion, trend, characteristics and outcomes of road traffic injury (RTI) related ED admissions (⩾15 years) between 2014 and 2015.

Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional study using routinely collected ED data.

Spectrum and the In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Yeast Isolates in Ethiopian HIV Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis.

Background. In Ethiopia, little is known regarding the distribution and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of yeasts. Objective.