Draft genome sequence of strain HYG9370 isolated from Japanese Black Cattle in Japan.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain HYG9370 (ID: JD563) isolated from a clinically healthy Japanese Black steer. The genome information of this strain provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity of , which has been isolated from multiple hosts and environments.

Chlamydial species among wild birds and livestock in the foothills of Mt. Afadjato, Ghana.

The members of family Chlamydiaceae have a broad host range and cause many kinds of diseases in humans and animals. Several cases of Chlamydiaceae being detected in atypical hosts have been reported recently. Consequently, cross-species monitoring of Chlamydia in wildlife and livestock is pertinent for public health, animal hygiene and wildlife conservation.

Isolation and molecular characterization of a urease-negative Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae mutant.

An atypical urease-negative mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 2 was isolated in Japan. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the urease gene cluster revealed that the insertion of a short DNA sequence into the cbiM gene was responsible for the urease-negative activity of the mutant. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories should be watchful for the presence of aberrant urease-negative A.

Development of an in vitro immunobiotic evaluation system against rotavirus infection in bovine intestinal epitheliocytes.

The bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) expresses the Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and is able to mount an antiviral immune response after the stimulation with poly(I:C). In the present study, we aimed to further characterise the antiviral defence mechanisms in BIE cells by evaluating the innate immune response triggered by rotavirus (RV) infection. In addition, we attempted to determine whether immunobiotic bifidobacteria are able to confer protection of BIE cells against RV infection by beneficially modulating the antiviral immune response.

Generation of exogenous germ cells in the ovaries of sterile NANOS3-null beef cattle.

Blastocyst complementation (BC) systems have enabled in vivo generation of organs from allogeneic pluripotent cells, compensating for an empty germ cell niche in gene knockout (KO) animals. Here, we succeeded in producing chimeric beef cattle (Wagyu) by transferring allogenic germ cells into ovaries using somatic cell nuclear transfer and BC technology. The KO of NANOS3 (NANOS3(-/-)) in Wagyu bovine ovaries produced a complete loss of germ cells.

Induction of gene silencing in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks through immersion in double-stranded RNA.

The continuous emergence of tick-borne diseases and chemical acaricide-resistant tick strains necessitates the development of new and more effective control strategies. RNA interference through the injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been a very useful tool in tick research for evaluating gene function. However, this technique can be sophisticated due to the required equipment and technique.

Virucidal activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis longicin P4 peptide against tick-borne encephalitis virus surrogate Langat virus.

Background: Longicin is a defensin-like peptide, identified from the midgut epithelium of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Several studies have already shown the antimicrobial and parasiticidal activities of longicin peptide and one of its synthetic partial analogs, longicin P4. In this study, longicin peptides were tested for potential antiviral activity against Langat virus (LGTV), a tick-borne flavivirus.

Impaired cellular immune response to injected bacteria after knockdown of ferritin genes in the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.

Iron is an indispensable element for most microorganisms, including many pathogenic bacteria. Iron-withholding is a known component of the innate immunity, particularly of vertebrate hosts. Ticks are vectors of multiple pathogens and reports have shown that they naturally harbor several bacterial species.

A novel C-type lectin with triple carbohydrate recognition domains has critical roles for the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis against Gram-negative bacteria.

C-type lectins (CLecs) play an important role in innate immunity against invaders. In this study, a novel CLec was identified from Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks (HlCLec). HlCLec contains a signal peptide and a transmembrane region.

Isolation and experimental inoculation of an S INDEL strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Japan.

In 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) was reported in Japan for the first time in 7years and caused significant economic losses. In the present study, we isolated PED virus (PEDV) circulating in Japan using Vero cell cultures and analyzed sequences of S1 genes of these PEDV isolates. Sequence analysis revealed that one of these strains contained distinct insertion and deletions in the S gene (i.

Functional analysis of recombinant 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.

Ticks are obligate haematophagous arthropods that feed on vertebrate blood containing high levels of iron. The host-derived iron reacts to oxygen in the tick's body, and then high levels of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), may be generated. High levels of H(2)O(2) cause oxidative stress to aerobic organisms.

Role of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-type zinc finger domain containing protein 1 (TRAFD1) from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis in immunity against bacterial infection.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-type zinc finger domain containing protein 1 (TRAFD1) is a negative feedback regulator that controls excessive immune responses in vertebrates. The sequence of tick hemolymph TRAFD1 from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (HlTRAFD1) was analyzed after identification and cloning from the expressed sequence tag database. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that HlTRAFD1 transcript and protein levels after blood feeding were present in all developmental stages, and the transcript level was consistently high in all organs examined from adult female ticks upon engorgement.

Generation of recombination activating gene-1-deficient neonatal piglets: a model of T and B cell deficient severe combined immune deficiency.

Although severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) is a very important research model for mice and SCID mice are widely used, there are only few reports describing the SCID pig models. Therefore, additional research in this area is needed. In this study, we describe the generation of Recombination activating gene-1 (Rag-1)-deficient neonatal piglets in Duroc breed using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with gene targeting and analysis using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and histology.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination reduces PCV2 in a PCV2 and Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis coinfection model.

We previously reported that prior porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection potentiates the severity of clinical signs, lung lesions, and fecal shedding and tissue dissemination of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis in infected pigs. Here, we evaluated whether PCV2 vaccination is effective in reducing fecal shedding and tissue dissemination of S. Choleraesuis and improving clinical signs associated with PCV2 and S.

Porcine circovirus type 2 potentiates morbidity of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis in Cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs.

Problem Addressed: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. Although S.

The effect of feeding lactic acid to Salmonella typhimurium experimentally infected swine.

Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella are becoming more prevalent. Therefore, alternative methods to control swine Salmonella infection must be explored. We examined whether feeding lactic acid to swine is an effective way to control clinical and subclinical Salmonella Typhimurium infection in these animals.

Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant toxin for detection of antibodies against Pasteurella multocida toxin.

To facilitate the control of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) of swine caused by toxigenic Pasteurella multocida, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a serum neutralization test (NT) have recently been developed to detect antibodies against the P. multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PmDNT). However, the NT is a cumbersome and time-consuming technique.

Shedding of porcine circovirus into colostrum of sows.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate porcine circovirus (PCV) shedding into the milk of sows. Colostrum was collected from 33 sows. PCV1 was isolated from four of 33 milk whey samples.

Prevalence of the virulence plasmid in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from pigs.

To determine the prevalence of the virulence plasmid in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from pigs in Japan, a total of 106 porcine isolates were subjected to PCR amplification for the detection of the virulence plasmid. Out of the isolates of S. Typhimurium, 38 (35.

Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in lung and nasal swab samples from pigs by nested PCR and culture methods.

We examined nasal swab and lung homogenate samples collected from pigs experimentally and naturally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae by the nested PCR (nPCR) and culture methods. In the 23 experimentally infected pigs, M.

Serological diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia of swine by a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody and recombinant antigen (P46) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

To facilitate the control of enzootic pneumonia (EP) of swine caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the complement fixation (CF) test has been used for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae antibodies. However, the CF test is a cumbersome and time-consuming technique and cross-reactivity are major drawbacks associated with this method.

Pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus isolated from gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens.

The pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus (FAV), isolated from gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens, was investigated. In experiment 1, 29 5-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with the isolates of serotype 8 FAV, M013 (group 1) or G0054 (group 2) strain, via an oral route. There were no clinical signs in any of chickens after inoculation, and mild gizzard erosions were observed macroscopically and microscopically in three inoculated chickens of group 2.

Experimental dual infection of pigs with an H1N1 swine influenza virus (A/Sw/Hok/2/81) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

Dual infection of pigs with swine influenza virus (SIV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was carried out to compare the clinical and pathological effects of dual infection in caesarian derived and colostrums deprived (CDCD) pigs, with that of a single infection with M. hyopneumoniae. In Experiment 1, 40-day-old CDCD pigs were inoculated only with SIV (A/Sw/Hok/2/81, H1N1).

Outbreaks of adenoviral gizzard erosion in slaughtered broiler chickens in Japan.

Gizzard erosion in broiler chickens was investigated at 18 slaughterhouses in Japan. The condition was observed in 13 of them, and adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) was diagnosed histologically, immunohistochemically and virologically in the eroded gizzards from nine of these 13. The antigen-positive intranuclear inclusion body of group 1 fowl adenovirus was observed in the epithelial cells of the affected gizzards, and fowl adenoviruses were isolated from the lesions.

Septicaemia and arthritis in pigs experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida capsular serotype A.

Twenty-five caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs and 18 specific pathogen-free pigs, aged 8 to 14 weeks, were inoculated intranasally or intratracheally with Pasteurella multocida capsular serotype A, isolated from a severe pneumonic lesion in a growing pig. The pigs were killed for necropsy on day 6 or 14 post-inoculation (PI) or, in the case of the only fatally infected animal, examined at the time of death. One CDCD pig, inoculated intratracheally with 5 ml of a bacterial suspension containing 1.