Chemical eye injury: pathophysiology, assessment and management.

Chemical eye injury (CEI) is an acute emergency which can threaten sight and life. These commonly occur at home or the workplace with the former being generally mild and the latter more severe and bilateral. Major workplace accidents involve other parts of the body and can be associated with inhalation or ingestion of the chemical.

Characteristics of patients with low-trauma vertebral fractures in the United Arab Emirates: a descriptive multi-center analysis.

Vertebral fracture is the most common type of osteoporotic fracture. However, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic vertebral fractures were not explored previously in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aims to describe for the first time the demographic and morphological characteristics of patients with fragility vertebral fractures in the UAE through a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with low-trauma vertebral fractures who visited two tertiary centers during 2011-2016.

A Cross-Sectional Study in Patients with Severe COPD to Assess the Perception of Symptom Variability (COPVAR) in the Middle East and Africa.

Purpose: This study was performed to assess symptom variability and its impact on morning activities in stable patients with severe COPD in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) countries.

Patients And Methods: Non-interventional, cross-sectional study (NCT03425760) in patients with severe COPD (GOLD 2015, C, or D categories). Symptom variability was assessed directly by interviewing the patient and using the Global Chest Symptoms Questionnaire (GCSQ).

Bedside ultrasound in cardiac standstill: a clinical review.

Patients with cardiac arrest present as a relatively frequent occurrence in the Emergency Department. Despite the advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest, managing the condition remains a stressful endeavor and currently implemented interventions, while beneficial, are still associated with a disappointingly low survivability. The majority of modern Advanced Life Support algorithms employ a standardized approach to best resuscitate the 'crashed' patient.

Mechanism of fluid leak in non-traumatic corneal perforations: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study.

Aim: Non-traumatic corneal perforations (CPerfs) may present with shallow/flat or formed anterior chamber (AC). This study uses anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) to ascertain these differences.

Method: The study included 14 eyes of 13 patients.

Prevalence of diabetes and cardio-metabolic risk factors in young men in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional national survey.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors in men under 30 in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 33 327 Emirati men aged 18-29 attending an obligatory standardized medical examination between May 2015 and February 2017. Body mass index, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure were assessed.

Incense Burning is Associated with Human Oral Microbiota Composition.

Incense burning is common worldwide and produces environmental toxicants that may influence health; however, biologic effects have been little studied. In 303 Emirati adults, we tested the hypothesis that incense use is linked to compositional changes in the oral microbiota that can be potentially significant for health. The oral microbiota was assessed by amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from mouthwash samples.

Population attributable fraction of leading non-communicable cardiovascular diseases due to leisure-time physical inactivity: a systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the methods used for estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) to leisure-time physical inactivity (PI) of coronary artery diseases, hypertension and stroke in order to provide the best available estimate for PAF.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched from inception to August 2018.

Prosthetic valve endocarditis secondary to following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative for the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis for patients at high risk for open surgery. Although experience with TAVI is increasing, few cases of post-TAVI endocarditis are reported.

Case Summary: We present a case of an 87-year-old female patient who presented with fever, unresponsive to empiric antibiotics 3 months after a TAVI procedure for severe aortic valve stenosis.

Association between Peripheral Artery Disease and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Findings from the Gulf COAST Registry.

Objective: To evaluate the association between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Arabian Gulf.

Methods: Data from 4,044 consecutive patients diagnosed with ACS admitted to 29 hospitals in four Arabian Gulf countries from January 2012 to January 2013 were analyzed. PAD was defined as any of the following: claudication, amputation for arterial vascular insufficiency, vascular reconstruction, bypass surgery, or percutaneous intervention in the extremities, documented aortic aneurysm or an ankle brachial index of <0.

Cross-sectional study on Asthma Insights and Management in the Gulf and Russia.

Asthma is a chronic and complex lung disease that is not completely understood. It involves airway inflammation, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The most common symptoms are recurrent wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing.

Types of tobacco consumption and the oral microbiome in the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future (UAEHFS) Pilot Study.

Cigarette smoking alters the oral microbiome; however, the effect of alternative tobacco products remains unclear. Middle Eastern tobacco products like dokha and shisha, are becoming globally widespread. We tested for the first time in a Middle Eastern population the hypothesis that different tobacco products impact the oral microbiome.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden - Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, 2017-2030.

Background/aim: Due to epidemic levels of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will be driving factors in liver disease burden in the coming years in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Materials And Methods: Models were used to estimate NAFLD and NASH disease progression, primarily based on changes in adult prevalence rates of adult obesity and DM. The published estimates and expert interviews were used to build and validate the model projections.

Young Man with Hepatomegaly: A Case of Glycogenic Hepatopathy.

Glycogenic hepatopathy is a rare but potentially reversible condition characterized by hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzymes occurring in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and often requires a liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. We present the case of a young man who was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis in the setting of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 1 and was noted to have significantly elevated transaminases that continued to worsen despite appropriate treatment of the diabetic ketoacidosis. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of glycogenic hepatopathy and the patient improved with diabetes control.

Patterns of tobacco use in the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future (UAEHFS) pilot study.

Introduction: Self-reported tobacco use in the United Arab Emirates is among the highest in the region. Use of tobacco products other than cigarettes is widespread, but little is known about specific behavior use patterns. There have been no studies that have biochemically verified smoking status.

Rare Bacteria Infecting the Heart and Affecting the Kidney of a Young Child.

Rare bacteria can lead to infective endocarditis, which may lead to renal involvement as severe glomerulonephritis. We report our experience of a 12-year-old child who presented with infective endocarditis and blood culture-grown - a rarely reported bacteria. The clinical picture was further complicated with severe glomerulonephritis.

The UAE healthy future study: a pilot for a prospective cohort study of 20,000 United Arab Emirates nationals.

Background: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is faced with a rapidly increasing burden of non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The UAE Healthy Future study is a prospective cohort designed to identify associations between risk factors and these diseases amongst Emiratis. The study will enroll 20,000 UAE nationals aged ≥18 years.

The AGE-RAGE axis in an Arab population: The United Arab Emirates Healthy Futures (UAEHFS) pilot study.

Aims: The transformation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from a semi-nomadic to a high income society has been accompanied by increasing rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined if the AGE-RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) axis is associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus in the pilot phase of the UAE Healthy Futures Study (UAEHFS).

Methods: 517 Emirati subjects were enrolled and plasma/serum levels of AGE, carboxy methyl lysine (CML)-AGE, soluble (s)RAGE and endogenous secretory (es)RAGE were measured along with weight, height, waist and hip circumference (WC/HC), blood pressure, HbA1c, Vitamin D levels and routine chemistries.

Joint statement for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Middle East-North Africa region, 2017.

Smoking and subsequent development of COPD is an ever-increasing epidemic in Arabian Gulf and Middle East countries, with no signs of decline. The important fact to be highlighted is that this COPD epidemic of increasing incidence and prevalence is mostly unrecognized by patients, due to the common attribution of symptoms to "smoker's cough", and the underdiagnosis and undertreatment by physicians because the common signs and symptoms masquerade as asthma. Consequently, there are long-term adverse effects of missing the diagnosis.

Waterpipe Use in the Middle East and North Africa: Data From the Breathe Study.

Introduction: In recent decades, waterpipe use has gained popularity, notably in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study describes waterpipe use and characteristics of waterpipe users among the general population of the MENA region.

Methods: This study was a sub-analysis of the BREATHE study, a cross-sectional survey of chronic obstructive respiratory disease conducted in the general population of 11 countries of the MENA region.

Divorce and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease: A Multicenter Study.

The association between marital status and coronary artery disease (CAD) is supported by numerous epidemiological studies. While divorce may have an adverse effect on cardiac outcomes, the relationship between divorce and severe CAD is unclear. We conducted a multicenter, observational study of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography during the period between April 1, 2013, and March 30, 2014.

Disparity in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Practices and Outcomes in Arabian Gulf Countries (Gulf COAST Registry).

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe contemporary management and 1-year outcomes of patients hospitalized with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Arabian Gulf countries.

Methods: Data of patients admitted to 29 hospitals in four Gulf countries [Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates (UAE)] with the diagnosis of STEMI were analyzed from Gulf locals with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events (Gulf COAST) registry. This was a longitudinal, observational registry of consecutive citizens, admitted with ACS from January 2012 to January 2013.

Socioeconomic Factors and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Multicentre Study of Arabian Gulf States.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. The association of socioeconomic status with CAD is supported by numerous epidemiological studies. Whether such factors also impact the number of diseased coronary vessels and its severity is not well established.