Gastric fundoplication with endoscopic technique: A novel approach for gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment.

Background: Gastric fundoplication with endoscopic technique (GFET) is an innovative approach to managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This minimally invasive procedure utilizes the GEN-2 Apollo endosuture device and Olympus H2T180 gastroscope to perform partial fundoplication by strategically placing Prolene 2-0 sutures at the 11, 7, 5, 1, and 3 o'clock positions around the gastroesophageal junction.

Aim: To evaluate whether GFET enhances the lower esophageal sphincter function by creating comprehensive plication to improve the barrier against reflux.

Linear endoscopic ultrasound: Current uses and future perspectives in mediastinal examination.

This editorial elaborates on the current and future applications of linear endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) a substantial diagnostic and therapeutic modality for various anatomical regions. The scope of endosonographic assessment is broad and, among other factors, allows for the evaluation of the mediastinal anatomy and related pathologies, such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the staging of central malignant lung lesions. Moreover, EUS assessment has proven more accurate in detecting small lesions missed by standard imaging examinations, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

: This study aimed to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with acute cholangitis (AC) by comparing outcomes, complications, and hospital stays in a tertiary Gastroenterology department. : This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary gastroenterology department, collecting data from all AC and AC + COVID-19 patients between April 2020 and February 2022. Data included clinical and demographic information, COVID-19-specific details, acute cholangitis presentation, medical records, laboratory results, and interventions.

Prospective Assessment of Serum Lipid Alterations in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Direct Acting Antivirals: Insights Six Months Post Sustained Virological Response.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is intricately linked with dysregulation of lipid metabolism. In particular, cholesterol plays a crucial role in HCV replication. Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) therapy has revolutionized the hepatitis C treatment landscape, achieving high rates of sustained virological response (SVR).

Practical approach to linear endoscopic ultrasound examination of the gallbladder.

The gallbladder (GB) is a susceptible organ, prone to various pathologies that can be identified using different imaging techniques. Transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) is typically the initial diagnostic method due to its numerous well-established advantages. However, in cases of uncertainty or when a definitive diagnosis cannot be established, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging may be employed to provide more detailed information.

Diagnostic and therapeutic role of endoscopic ultrasound in liver diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In hepatology, the clinical use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has experienced a notable increase in recent times. These applications range from the diagnosis to the treatment of various liver diseases. Therefore, this systematic review summarizes the evidence for the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of EUS in liver diseases.

Comparative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Acute Cholangitis Patients with Stent Placement and Sphincterotomy Interventions.

In response to rising concerns over multidrug resistance patterns in acute cholangitis patients, this retrospective study was conducted at the Emergency County Hospital Timisoara, Romania, encompassing patients treated between August 2020 and August 2023. The study aimed to investigate the influence of prior interventions, specifically sphincterotomy (with or without stent placement), on the current clinical and microbiological profiles of acute cholangitis patients. By differentiating between patients with a history of sphincterotomy and the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-naïve, we assessed the resistance of bacterial strains to antibiotics by the Tokyo Guidelines 2018, using bile cultures from 488 patients.

Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcomes Predictors for Intensive Care Unit COVID-19 Patients in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: The global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) increased the demand for intensive care unit (ICU) services. Mortality and morbidity rates among ICU COVID-19 patients are affected by several factors, such as severity, comorbidities, and coinfections. In this study, we describe the demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to an ICU in Saudi Arabia, and we determined the predictors for mortality and prolonged ICU length of stay.

Identification of Microbial Species and Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Acute Cholangitis Patients with Malignant and Benign Biliary Obstructions: A Comparative Study.

: Acute cholangitis (AC) is still lethal if not treated promptly and effectively. Biliary drainage, also known as source control, has been acknowledged as the backbone treatment for patients with AC; nonetheless, antimicrobial therapy allows these patients to undergo non-emergent drainage procedures. This retrospective study aims to observe the bacterial species involved in AC and analyze the antimicrobial resistance patterns.

The Prime and Integral Cause of Cancer in the Post-Warburg Era.

A century ago, Otto Warburg published that aerobic glycolysis and the respiratory impairment of cells were the prime cause of cancer, a phenomenon that since then has been known as "the Warburg effect". In his early studies, Warburg looked at the effects of hydrogen ions (H), on glycolysis in anaerobic conditions, as well as of bicarbonate and glucose. He found that gassing with CO led to the acidification of the solutions, resulting in decreased rates of glycolysis.

Role of pH in Regulating Cancer Pyrimidine Synthesis.

Replication is a fundamental aspect of cancer, and replication is about reproducing all the elements and structures that form a cell. Among them are DNA, RNA, enzymes, and coenzymes. All the DNA is doubled during each S (synthesis) cell cycle phase.

AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine: A possible risk factor for ischemic stroke and cerebral venous sagittal sinus thrombosis: A case series.

One of the most prevalent neurological impairments is cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Ischemic stroke and CVST have been linked to the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Three Sudanese patients developed these diseases after receiving the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, indicating a relationship between the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and these conditions.

Low prevalence of community-acquired influenza coinfections among COVID-19 patients in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Coinfections with respiratory viruses among SARS CoV-2 patients have been reported by several studies during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Most of these studies designated these coinfections as being hospital-acquired infections; however, there is inadequate knowledge about community-acquired respiratory coinfections among SARS CoV-2 patients.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the seroprevalence of influenza A, influenza B, and parainfluenza-2 among newly hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections (n = 163).

Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Review.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and inadequate response to treatment. Many factors contribute to this therapeutic failure: lack of symptoms until the tumor reaches an advanced stage, leading to late diagnosis; early lymphatic and hematic spread; advanced age of patients; important development of a pro-tumoral and hyperfibrotic stroma; high genetic and metabolic heterogeneity; poor vascular supply; a highly acidic matrix; extreme hypoxia; and early development of resistance to the available therapeutic options. In most cases, the disease is silent for a long time, andwhen it does become symptomatic, it is too late for ablative surgery; this is one of the major reasons explaining the short survival associated with the disease.

Of mitochondrion and COVID-19.

COVID-19, a pandemic disease caused by a viral infection, is associated with a high mortality rate. Most of the signs and symptoms, e.g.

Pathogenesis and Management of COVID-19.

COVID-19, occurring due to SARS-COV-2 infection, is the most recent pandemic disease that has led to three million deaths at the time of writing. A great deal of effort has been directed towards altering the virus trajectory and/or managing the interactions of the virus with its subsequent targets in the human body; these interactions can lead to a chain reaction-like state manifested by a cytokine storm and progress to multiple organ failure. During cytokine storms the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory mediators is generally increased, which contributes to the instigation of hyper-inflammation and confers advantages to the virus.

Metabolic Shifts as the Hallmark of Most Common Diseases: The Quest for the Underlying Unity.

A hyper-specialization characterizes modern medicine with the consequence of classifying the various diseases of the body into unrelated categories. Such a broad diversification of medicine goes in the opposite direction of physics, which eagerly looks for unification. We argue that unification should also apply to medicine.

Integrin-Linked Kinase Links Integrin Activation to Invadopodia Function and Invasion via the p(T567)-Ezrin/NHERF1/NHE1 Pathway.

Tumor cell invasion depends largely on degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by protease-rich structures called invadopodia, whose formation and activity requires the convergence of signaling pathways engaged in cell adhesion, actin assembly, membrane regulation and ECM proteolysis. It is known that β1-integrin stimulates invadopodia function through an invadopodial p(T567)-ezrin/NHERF1/NHE1 signal complex that regulates NHE1-driven invadopodia proteolytic activity and invasion. However, the link between β1-integrin and this signaling complex is unknown.

Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan.

Background: Hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stages of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of seropositivity and to identify the risk factors associated with the disease among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018.

Association of genotype III of dengue virus serotype 3 with disease outbreak in Eastern Sudan, 2019.

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is an arthropod-borne disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). DENV is a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Recently, DENV has been reported as an important emerging infectious viral pathogen in Sudan.

Recent transmission of dengue virus and associated risk Facors among residents of Kassala state, eastern Sudan.

Background: Acute arboviral infections are distributed worldwide including Sudan, and dengue fever (DENV) is not an exception. The virus activity has recently been frequently reported in Kassala State, eastern Sudan. However, an appropriate epidemiological study would be necessary to provide accurate and precise estimates of the magnitude of recent DENV transmission in this area of endemicity.

May Measurement Month 2017: an analysis of blood pressure screening in Sudan-Northern Africa and Middle East.

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. Sudan has the second highest prevalence of hypertension in North Africa. One in four people with a non-communicable disease has hypertension.