Quercetin improves airway remodeling in COPD rats by suppressing phenotypic switch of ASMCs via inhibiting the Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway.

Background And Purpose: Airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a contributor to airflow limitation, promotes disease progression, and affects disease outcome and prognosis. Quercetin has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for COPD. Currently, there is insufficient research providing direct evidence to support this hypothesis.

Insights into Clinical Trials for Drugs Targeting MASLD: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.

The transition in terminology from fatty liver disease to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) marks a considerable evolution in diagnostic standards. This new definition focuses on liver fat accumulation in the context of overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes, or metabolic dysfunction, without requiring the exclusion of other concurrent liver diseases. The new definition also provides clear guidelines for defining alcohol consumption in relation to the disease.

Association between TRMT61B gene polymorphism and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children.

Background: Wilms tumor is among the most common pediatric malignant tumors. Although mA modification influences the structure and function of RNA and participates in tumorigenesis, the relationship between mA methyltransferase TRMT61B gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility is unclear.

Methods: We examined the relationship between TRMT61B gene rs4563180 G > C polymorphism (detected by TaqMan probe method) in 414 children with Wilms tumor and 1199 healthy controls.

Formosanin C inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression by suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the polarization of M2 macrophages.

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), is a highly aggressive tumor. Formosanin C (FC) is a diosgenin with immunomodulatory and antitumor properties, the precise mechanism through which it is against TNBC remains uncertain.

Objective: Clarifying the mechanism of FC against TNBC.

An integrated multi-omics analysis identifies protein biomarkers and potential drug targets for psoriatic arthritis.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex, chronic immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathy that currently lacks definitive biomarkers and treatment targets. Identifying biomarkers and treatment targets is urgently needed for effectively managing PsA. Here, we conducted a multi-omics approach to identify protein biomarkers and potential drug targets for psoriatic arthritis.

Dihydrotanshinone I potentiates the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin by activating ROS-mediated ER stress through targeting HSPD1 in lung cancer cells.

Lung cancer represents one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by the highest incidence and mortality rates globally. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy exerts powerful anti-tumor activities in lung cancer, whereas its clinical application was limited due to the severe side effects. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS), a root extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibits diverse biological functions, encompassing liver protection, anti-inflammatory properties, promotion of osteoclast differentiation, and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells.

Protective Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Cardiac Electrophysiological Function in a Rat Model of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is the end stage of ischemic heart disease, in which ventricular remodeling contributes to a fatal ventricular arrhythmia, worsens heart function and unfavorable outcomes, and is related to persistent chronic inflammation. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is an effective treatment modality for osteoarthropathy and has been illustrated to regulate the overactive inflammatory response in various diseases. Here, we aim to investigate whether LIPUS can perform cardiac protective effects in ICM and explore its possible mechanism.

Red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio is associated with increased depression: the mediating role of atherogenic index of plasma.

Background: Recent studies have identified a correlation between inflammation and depression. This study aims to explore the correlation between the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to albumin ratio (RAR), a practical measure for assessing inflammation, and depression in the general population.

Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, data from 28932 adults aged≥18 years old in the NHANES during the period of 1999-2018 were analyzed.

ABCC2 p.R393W variant contributes to Dubin-Johnson syndrome by targeting MRP2 to proteasome degradation.

Background: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS), a rare autosomal recessive liver condition, is caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations of the gene. This study aimed to investigate genetic variations in the drug efflux transporter (MRP2) gene in patients with DJS and to characterise the expression and mechanism of the gene variant.

Methods: Trio whole exome sequencing was performed in the family to identify the genetic causes.

Bone Age Assessment Using Various Medical Imaging Techniques Enhanced by Artificial Intelligence.

Bone age (BA) reflects skeletal maturity and is crucial in clinical and forensic contexts, particularly for growth assessment, adult height prediction, and managing conditions like short stature and precocious puberty, often using X-ray, MRI, CT, or ultrasound imaging. Traditional BA assessment methods, including the Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse techniques, compare morphological changes to reference atlases. Despite their effectiveness, factors like genetics and environment complicate evaluations, emphasizing the need for new methods that account for comprehensive variations in skeletal maturity.

Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein UL23 promotes gastric cancer immune evasion by facilitating PD-L1 transcription.

Immune checkpoint therapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has shown promise in treating tumors, however, its clinical benefits are limited to a subset of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Recent research has highlighted a the correlation between PD-L1 expression and the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been implicated in GC, but its specific role in modulating this disease remains elusive.

Polybrominated biphenyls induce liver injury by disrupting the KEAP1/Nrf2/SLC7A11 axis leading to impaired GSH synthesis and ferroptosis in hepatocytes.

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widespread in the environment, presenting significant health hazards due to their bioaccumulation, particularly in liver. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, has not been previously linked to PBBs-induced hepatotoxicity. This study investigated whether PBBs induce hepatotoxicity through ferroptosis and the toxicological mechanism using mice and THLE-2 cells models exposed to PBB mixture (BP-6).

Palmatine activation of TFEB enhances autophagy and alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress in intervertebral disc degeneration.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is integral in lower back pain and involves complex pathophysiological processes, including nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown. Palmatine (PLT), an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Fibraurea recisa Pierre of the family Menispermaceae, is recognised for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, researches have not well explored the impact of PLT on IDD.

Analysis of toxicity and mechanisms of busulfan in non-obstructive azoospermia: A genomic and toxicological approach integrating molecular docking, single-cell sequencing, and experimentation in vivo.

Environmental pollutants, including chemical contaminants, heavy metals, and pesticides, have been linked to adverse effects on male reproductive health, particularly sperm quality. Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a severe form of male infertility caused by intrinsic testicular dysfunction, leading to a complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. Busulfan, an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia, is known to induce NOA through its toxic effects on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs).

Multicenter Study on the Prevalence of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Coinfection and Disease Burden Among Hospitalized Children Aged 5 Years and Younger - 5 Prefecture-level Cities, Zhejiang Province, China, 2018-2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) coinfection with other respiratory pathogens frequently occurs in young children with acute respiratory illness. However, the epidemiological patterns and associated disease burden of HRSV coinfections in pediatric populations remain poorly characterized.

What Is Added By This Report?: Analysis of hospitalized children under 5 years in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2023 revealed that 20.

Interpretable machine learning-derived nomogram model for early detection of persistent diarrhea in Salmonella typhimurium enteritis: a propensity score matching based case-control study.

Background: Salmonella typhimurium infection is a considerable global health concern, particularly in children, where it often leads to persistent diarrhea. This condition can result in severe health complications including malnutrition and cognitive impairment.

Methods: A comprehensive retrospective study was conducted involving 627 children diagnosed with Salmonella typhimurium enteritis.

A single-centre early experience of the Pulse™ navigation system for posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Purpose: Pedicle screw-based constructs are the standard of surgical management in AIS. Several manufacturers have developed navigation systems utilising intraoperative 3D imaging to improve screw placement accuracy. However, concerns remain regarding intraoperative radiation exposure utilising these systems compared to traditional techniques.

Optogenetics and Its Application in Nervous System Diseases.

Optogenetics is an emerging technology that uses the light-responsive effects of photosensitive proteins to regulate the function of specific cells. This technique combines genetics with optics, allowing for the precise inhibition or activation of cell functions through the introduction of photosensitive proteins into target cells and subsequent light stimulation to activate these proteins. In recent years, numerous basic and clinical studies have demonstrated the unique advantages of this approach in the research and treatment of neurological disorders.

Relationship between social activities and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of depressive symptoms.

Background: The differential impacts of various social activities on dementia prevention and the mediating role of depression in this relationship remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effects of different social activities on cognitive function, examine the mediating role of depression, and provide evidence for targeted interventions to prevent cognitive decline.

Methods: Using data from CHARLS, we employed RCS analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to examine the relationships between social activities, depression, and cognitive function in older adults.

Pinocembrin reduces pyroptosis to improve flap survival by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Background: Pinocembrin has been widely utilized in clinical settings as a topical treatment for detoxification, inflammation reduction, and healing dermal conditions such as cracked skin and burns.

Methods: In this study, pinocembrin was administered to hypoxia-reoxygenation model in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and 36 rats for 7 days using the McFarlane flap model. Neovascularization was then assessed using Doppler and lead oxide gelatin angiography.

Endoscopic-Assisted Pterygomandibular Approach for Parapharyngeal Tumor Resection: A Case Series.

Background: The endoscope-assisted pterygomandibular ligament approach for the resection of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors has been reported in a limited number of cases, with insufficiently detailed procedural descriptions.

Purpose: The study purpose was to report clinically relevant outcomes among patients who underwent endoscopy-assisted pterygomandibular ligament resection for PPS tumors.

Study Design, Setting, And Sample: This study was a retrospective case series analyzing patients treated between January 2018 and July 2021 at the Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.

SGK1-HDAC4-HMGB1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord dorsal horn participates in diabetic neuropathic pain.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether serum-and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase1 (SGK1) activation-dependent histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) phosphorylation, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, and subsequent regulation of high-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) expression are involved in type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).

Methods: The type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain model was established in rats by feeding them with a high-fat and high-sugar diet for 8 weeks and then fasting them for 12 h, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). SGK1 was inhibited in the spinal cord by intrathecal administration of the SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394.

Cortical Morphometric Similarity Remodeling in Traumatic Brain Injury Links Cognitive Impairments with Transcriptional Changes and Type-Specific Cells.

The heterogeneous injuries and resulting cognitive deficits pose significant challenges in the clinical management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms related to heterogeneities of mTBI are still unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying brain remodeling by examining the morphometric similarity (MS) alterations and corresponding transcriptomic signatures across adult and pediatric mTBI (adult mTBI: 112 acute patients, 47 follow-up chronic patients, 66 healthy controls [HCs]; pediatric mTBI: 30 acute patients, 31 HCs).

Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages by a nano-sized opsonization strategy to restore M1/M2 balance for osteoarthritis therapy.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic and progressive joint disease accompanied by cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation. It is associated with an imbalance of synovial macrophage M1/M2 ratio tilting more towards the pro-inflammatory M1 than the anti-inflammatory M2. The M1-macrophages rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy whereas the M2-macrophages derive energy from oxidative phosphorylation.

Bisphenol B restrains rat leydig cell function via H3K27me3/H3K9me3 histone modifications.

As an alternative compound of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB) was widely used in plastic materials. The potential actions of BPB on the function of Leydig cells through the regulation of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 remains unclear. Our goal was to assess how BPB influences Leydig cell function via histone modifications mediated by H3K27me3 and H3K9me3.