Integration and functionality of human iPSC-derived microglia in a chimeric mouse retinal model.

Introduction: Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, responding to injury, and modulating neuroinflammation. However, the limitations of rodent models in accurately representing human microglia have posed significant challenges in the study of retinal diseases.

Methods: PLX5622 was used to eliminate endogenous microglia in mice through oral and intraperitoneal administration, followed by transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (hiPSC-microglia, iMG) into retinal explants to create a novel ex vivo chimeric model containing xenotransplanted microglia (xMG).

Pectin-Zein-IPA nanoparticles promote functional recovery and alleviate neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs the balance of gut microbiomes, which further aggravates inflammation in the injured areas and inhibits axonal regeneration. The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in SCI and regulating intestinal microbiome promotes SCI repair. However, current studies have shown that indole-3 propionate (IPA), a metabolite of gut bacteria, can promote axonal regeneration.

Chlorogenic acid promotes fatty acid beta-oxidation to increase hESCs proliferation and lipid synthesis.

Cell metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an essential dietary polyphenol, exhibits diverse pharmacological effects on metabolism regulation. This study examines the effects of CGA on cell metabolism in hESCs using the H9 model.

Research progress on ferroptosis in cerebral hemorrhage.

The pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is complex and can cause variable degrees of cell death. Recently, ferroptosis, an emerging cell death mechanism, has garnered significant attention in cerebral hemorrhage disorder. This study aimed to examine iron mortality after cerebral hemorrhage and current targets for potential therapeutic interventions.

Pectolinarin Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating Microglia Polarization Through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), microglia polarization plays an important role in spinal cord recovery and axon regeneration. In this study, we conducted mRNA microarrays to identify genes associated with different microglial phenotypes. The results showed a correlation between microglial polarization and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, a key regulator of inflammatory responses.

Corrigendum: Oxidative balance score was negatively associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome severity, and all-cause mortality of patients with metabolic syndrome.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.

Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway by Tetrahydroberberine Suppresses Ferroptosis and Enhances Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury.

Recent research has identified ferroptosis, a newly recognized form of programmed cell death, is a crucial factor in spinal cord injury (SCI). Tetrahydroberberine (THB) is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid derived from the tuber of the poppy family plant, Corydalis, which is recognized for its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Despite these attributes, the potential protective effects of THB against SCI are yet to be thoroughly investigated.

The association between anion gap and prognosis in patients myocardial infarction with congestive heart failure: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: Elevated serum anion gap at hospital admission is often linked to a poor prognosis in critically ill patients, but there is insufficient data on this correlation in patients with acute myocardial infarction accompanied by heart failure. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between serum admission AG and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction accompanied by heart failure.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data within the MIMIC-IV database.

Identification of mutations associated with congenital cataracts in nineteen Chinese families.

Background: Congenital cataracts (CC) are one of the leading causes of impaired vision or blindness in children, with approximately 8.3-25% being inherited. The aim of this study is to investigate the mutation spectrum and frequency of 9 cataract-associated genes in 19 Chinese families with congenital cataracts.

Distinct effects of early-stage and late-stage socioeconomic factors on brain and behavioral traits.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a time-varying multidimensional construct with ill-defined dimension-specific and age-specific effects on brain and behavior. We investigated these effects in 4,228 young adults. From 16 socioeconomic indicators, assessed for early (0-10 years) and late (>10 years) stages, we constructed family, provincial, family adverse and neighborhood adverse socioeconomic dimensions.

Dynamic monocyte changes as prognostic indicators in operable gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the relationship between postoperative monocyte count and gastric cancer prognosis. We introduce a standardized monocyte ratio (MMR) to predict postoperative survival rates in gastric cancer patients effectively.

Methods: A test cohort was created to develop and evaluate the pre- and postoperative MMR as a mortality predictor in gastric cancer patients.

Hesperidin alleviates endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis of Kawasaki disease through inhibiting the TLR4/IĸBα/NF-ĸB pathway.

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute and self-limiting vasculitis of unknown etiology that mainly occurs in infancy and can lead to vascular endothelial injury. Hesperidin (HES) is an economical dietary biological flavonoid with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pharmacological effects. The main objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of HES on KD, and try to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

A MAZ::NCOA2 Subcutaneous Small Round Cell Sarcoma of Infancy With Diffuse S100/SOX10 Positivity: A Novel Entity.

Small round cell sarcomas (SRCSs) constitute a heterogeneous group of high-grade tumors with a poor prognosis, predominantly affecting children and young adults. According to the 2020 WHO Soft Tissue Tumor classification, SRCSs are categorized into Ewing sarcoma, round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions, CIC-rearranged sarcoma, and sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations. Herein, we report a case of a 10-month-old boy presenting with a progressively enlarging left lumbar mass.

Alleviation of obesity cardiomyopathy by Fisetin through the inhibition of NF-κB/MAPK signaling.

Obesity cardiomyopathy, an important complication of obesity, is characterized by chronic inflammation that infiltrates the heart continuously. Elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) in obese patients can activate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in the heart, triggering inflammatory responses that lead to myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid, possesses strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease with pulmonary radiographic abnormalities and its impact on the incidence of coronary artery lesions: a randomized retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD) in patients demonstrating pneumonia-like changes and pulmonary complications, as well as the subsequent impact on coronary artery lesions, by comparing them with those of KD patients with normal pulmonary imaging.

Method: From January 1, 2013 to October 1, 2022, this study included paediatric patients diagnosed with KD who were registered in the KD database at Yuying Children's Hospital affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University. Patients were divided into three distinct groups based on the presence and severity of abnormalities observed via lung imaging.

Explainable machine learning model for predicting decline in platelet count after interventional closure in children with patent ductus arteriosus.

Background: This study aimed to apply four machine learning algorithms to develop the optimal model to predict decline in platelet count (DPC) after interventional closure in children with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Methods: Data from children with PDA who underwent successful transcatheter closure at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital from January 2016, to December 2022, were collected. The cohort data were split into training and testing sets.

Physiopathology of polycystic ovary syndrome in endocrinology, metabolism and inflammation.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by elevated androgen levels, ovarian cysts, and impaired ovulation in females. This condition is closely linked with various reproductive health issues and has significant impacts on endocrine and metabolic pathways. Patients with PCOS commonly exhibit hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance, leading to complications such as acne, hirsutism, weight fluctuations, and metabolic disturbances, as well as an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer.

Assessing mortality risk and causes in extramammary Paget's disease: insights from a population-based study.

Background: The causes of death in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) patients are currently unclear. The authors aimed to examine mortality patterns among current survivors of EMPD.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database spanning from 2000 to 2019, focusing on patients diagnosed with EMPD.

Synergistic polyphenol-amino acid nanoparticles: a new strategy for reactive oxygen species management.

Polyphenols exhibit strong antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory but are limited by chemical instability and low bioavailability. To address these challenges, we developed polyphenol-amino acid conjugates that self-assemble into stable nanospheres, enhancing their stability and bioavailability. These nanoparticles demonstrate significantly improved ROS scavenging efficiency and promote cell proliferation .

Causality between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Telomere Length.

Background: The association between telomere length (TL) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received much attention. However, previous observational studies have yielded inconclusive evidence regarding this relationship. Our study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between TL and ASD using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Machine learning-based screening of asthma biomarkers and related immune infiltration.

Introduction: Asthma has an annual increasing morbidity rate and imposes a heavy social burden on public healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to use machine learning to identify asthma-specific genes for the prediction and diagnosis of asthma.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to asthma were identified by examining public sequencing data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, coupled with the support vector machine recursive feature elimination and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model.

Investigation of the correlation between urinary aromatic amines and the risk of depression through an examination of the NHANES data from 2013 to 2014.

Background: The relationship between aromatic amines (AA)s and depressive disorder remains elusive. The aim of this investigation was to examine the potential link between urinary AA levels and the likelihood of depression in American adults.

Methods: Through the analysis of data from 1175 participants in the 2013-2014 NHANES, our study delved into the association between urinary AA levels and the incidence of depression.

Human cytomegalovirus UL82 promotes cell cycle progression of colorectal cancer by upregulating AGR2.

The correlation between persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has garnered increasing attention. UL82 is a tegument protein of HCMV, and our previous research indicated that the presence of UL82 is significantly associated with reduced overall survival in CRC patients. However, the mechanism by which UL82 affects the prognosis of CRC patients remains unclear.

Activation of autophagy is required for clearance of mitochondrial ROS in patients with asthenozoospermia.

Autophagy is regarded as an essential process for maintaining cell homeostasis. However, its role in the regulation of sperm motility is still less understood. In this study, we found that mitochondrial oxidative species (mROS) levels were elevated, but ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels were reduced in human sperm with low motility (also called asthenozoospermia, AS) as compared to normal human sperm (normal sperm, NS).