Antin-diabetic cognitive dysfunction effects and underpinning mechanisms of phytogenic bioactive peptides: a review.

Diabetic cognitive dysfunction is one of the important comorbidities and complications of diabetes, which is mainly manifested by loss of learning ability and memory, behavioural disorders, and may even develop into dementia. While traditional anti-diabetic medications are effective in improving cognition and memory, long-term use of these medications can be accompanied by undesirable side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective alternative therapies.

Effects of the tobacco-maize relay intercropping pattern on soil nutrients and soil microbial diversity.

The imbalanced soil nutrient status caused by the long-term monoculture of flue-cured tobacco are a concern. The tobacco-maize relay intercropping, widely used in Yunnan, may improve soil nutrients by enhancing the soil microbial community, but this remains unexplored. This study employed high-throughput sequencing technology to examine soil microbial diversity under tobacco monoculture and tobacco-maize relay intercropping, using the varieties Hongda and K326, respectively.

Effects of glutathione on the physicochemical properties of high hydrostatically pressure gelatinized maize starch.

This research prepared gelatinized waxy maize starch (WMS), low-amylose maize starch (LAS), and high-amylose maize starch (HAS) with different glutathione (GSH) content (5, 10, and 15 %) using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 600 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed damaged morphology of WMS and complete swelled granules of LAS and HAS with different degree of gelatinization (DG) values, 92.86, 59.

Theabrownin remodels the circadian rhythm disorder of intestinal microbiota induced by a high-fat diet to alleviate obesity in mice.

The intestinal microbiota undergoes diurnal compositional and functional oscillations within a day, which affect the metabolic homeostasis of the host and exacerbate the occurrence of obesity. TB has the effect of reducing body weight and lipid accumulation, but the mechanism of improving obesity caused by a high-fat diet based on the circadian rhythm of intestinal microorganisms has not been clarified. In this study, we used multi-omics and imaging approaches to investigate the mechanism of TB in alleviating obesity in mice based on the circadian rhythm of gut microbiota.

Dufulin Impacts Plant Defense Against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infecting Tomato.

(TYLCV) poses a significant threat to tomato production, leading to severe yield losses. The current control strategies primarily rely on the use of pesticides, which are often nonselective and costly. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify more environmentally friendly alternatives.

Morphological Comparisons of Adult Worker Bees Developed in Chinese and Italian Honey Bee Combs.

The size of comb cells is a key factor influencing the body size of honey bee workers. Comb cells and the body size of Chinese honey bee workers are smaller than those of Italian honey bee workers. To increase the size of Chinese honey bee workers, this study used newly built combs from Chinese honey bee colonies (control group) and Italian honey bee colonies (treatment group).

Impact of Comb Cell Diameter on Nectar Evaporation Efficiency in Honey Bees.

Honey bees transform nectar into honey through a combination of physical and chemical processes, with the physical process primarily involving the evaporation of excess water to concentrate the nectar. However, the factors affecting evaporation efficiency, such as evaporation duration, cell type, and bee species, remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to examine how these factors affect nectar evaporation efficiency during honey production.

Use of Relay Method for Enhancing Comb Construction by Utilizing .

Italian honey bees (IHBs, ) exhibit superior comb-building abilities compared with Chinese honey bees (CHBs, ), which often fail to fully utilize wax foundations, resulting in incomplete comb structures. The present study aimed to accelerate comb construction in CHB colonies using IHBs. In the experiment, IHB colonies, each with approximately 42,000 adult workers, required over four hours to construct a semi-drawn comb on CHB wax foundations.

Network Pharmacology Approach and Experimental Verification to Explore the Anti-NSCLC Mechanism of Grifolic Acid.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancers and over 60% express wild-type EGFR (WT-EGFR); however, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have limited effect in most patients with WT-EGFR tumors. In this study, we applied network pharmacology screening and MTT screening of bioactive compounds to obtain one novel grifolic acid that may inhibit NSCLC through the EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway.

Integrative Transcriptomic and Small RNA Analysis Uncovers Key Genes for Cold Resistance in Rice.

Background/objectives: Cold stress is the main environmental factor that affects the growth and development of rice, leading to a decrease in its yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanism of rice's low-temperature resistance remains incompletely understood.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a joint analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the cold-resistant material Yongning red rice and the cold-sensitive material B3 using high-throughput sequencing.

Multi-Omics Insights into Rumen Microbiota and Metabolite Interactions Regulating Milk Fat Synthesis in Buffaloes.

The present study was conducted to analyze the correlation between the milk fat content of Binglangjiang buffaloes and their microbial and host metabolites. The 10 buffaloes with the highest milk fat content (HF, 5.60 ± 0.

Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Skin and Blood Melanin Traits in Xichou Black-Boned Chicken: A Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Study.

This study investigated the effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation on the blackness traits of Xichou Black-boned Chickens and their underlying molecular mechanisms through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. A total of 240 one-day-old Xichou Black-boned Chickens were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to different durations of UVA radiation at an intensity of 47 μW/cm. Skin blackness was measured at 1, 22, and 45 days of age, and blood and pectoral skin samples were collected at 45 days for analysis.

Population Genomics Reveals Elevated Inbreeding and Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in White Raccoon Dogs.

The formation of animal breeds usually begins with a small subsample from their ancestral population. Deleterious mutations accumulate in the population under genetic drift, inbreeding, and artificial selection during the development and maintenance of traits desired by humans. White raccoon dogs are among the most popular breeds of farmed raccoon dogs, but white raccoon dogs are more susceptible to disease and have a lower reproductive ability.

Metagenome-assembled microbial genomes (n = 3,448) of the oral microbiomes of Tibetan and Duroc pigs.

Compared with leaner breeds, local Chinese pig breeds have distinct intestinal microbial, as determined by metagenomic techniques, and the interactions between oral microorganisms and their hosts are also gradually being clarified. However, the high host genome content means that few metagenome-based oral microbiomes have been reported. Here, we combined dilution-based metagenomic sequencing and binning approaches to extract the microbial genomes from the oral microbiomes of Tibetan and Duroc pigs.

First Molecular Identification of spp. in Sheep, Beef Cattle, and Dairy Cattle in Shanxi Province, North China.

spp. are common zoonotic intestinal protozoa, which can lead to serious intestinal diseases in both humans and animals through fecal-oral transmission, leading to significant economic losses and public health challenges. To reveal the prevalence of in sheep and cattle in Shanxi Province, North China, fecal samples were collected from 311 sheep, 392 dairy cattle, and 393 beef cattle from three representative counties in the northern, central, and southern regions of Shanxi Province.

Characterization of Thirty Germplasms of Millet Pepper ( L.) in Terms of Fruit Morphology, Capsaicinoids, and Nutritional Components.

Background: Millet peppers have rich and diverse germplasm resources. It is of great significance to characterize their phenotypes and physicochemical indicators.

Methods: 30 millet germplasms were selected to measure the fruit length and width, flesh thickness, number of ventricles, fruit stalk length, and single fruit weight, and the texture characteristics of fruit such as hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness were determined by a texture analyzer.

Prevalence and characterization of IncQ1α-mediated multi-drug resistance in Isolated from pigs in Kunming, Yunnan, China.

Background: is a conditionally pathogenic bacterium that is inherently resistant to polymyxin and tigecycline, largely due to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). These ARGs can be horizontally transferred to other bacteria, raising concerns about the Inc plasmid-mediated ARG transmission from , which poses a serious public health threat. This study aims to investigate the presence of Inc plasmid types in pig-derived in Kunming, Yunnan, China.

Effects of fertilizer application on the bacterial community and weathering characteristics of typical purple parent rocks.

Introduction: Rock weathering is a fundamental process that shapes Earth's topography, soil formation, and other surface processes. However, the mechanisms underlying the influence of fertilizer application on weathering remain poorly understood, especially with respect to bacterial intervention.

Methods: In this study, purple parent rocks from Shaximiao Group (Js) and Penglaizhen Group (Jp) were selected to investigate the effects of fertilizer application on the bacterial community and weathering characteristics of these rock by leaching experiment.

The Interaction Between ABA and Sugar Signalling Regulates Stomatal Production in Systemic Leaves by Controlling Sucrose Transport.

A key feature of stress responses [closely relative to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)] and associated acclimation in plants is the dynamic adjustments and related optimisation of carbohydrate content between sink and source organs. The production of stomata, which consist of a pore between two adjacent guard cells, are central to plant adaptation to changing environment conditions. In this context, ABA is a core modulator of environmentally determined stomatal development.

Understanding the Effects of Three Carbohydrate Feeds on the Health of Apis mellifera by Transcriptome Analysis.

At present, there is no clear consensus on the impact of carbohydrate feeds on bee colony health, and comprehensive research and evaluation in this context is lacking. To comprehensively and objectively examine the health status of honeybees after consuming those carbohydrates from multiple perspectives, experimental techniques, including high-throughput sequencing of the transcriptome, proboscis extension reflex (PER), and measuring bee growth parameters were employed. This study showed that compared with honey, feeding high fructose syrup (HFS) resulted in a decrease in the survival rate and body weight of bees, while sucrose decreased the learning and memory ability of bees.

Internet use and social trust: empirical analysis based on CGSS2021.

The development of the Internet has significantly changed the way people live and interact with each other. Interaction is the foundation for building trust and may therefore also be influenced by the Internet. This study aims to examine the impact of Internet use on different dimensions of social trust, focusing on the roles of perceived fairness and social support, using the latest data from the CGSS from China.

Changes in key volatile components associated with leaf quality of Roxb. alongside growth duration.

Pandan ( Roxb.) are one of the traditional food materials in Southeast Asian countries. However, there has long been a lack of understanding of the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of leaves at different growth periods.

Exploring the adaptation mechanism of Spodoptera litura to xanthotoxin: Insights from transcriptional responses and CncC signaling pathway-mediated UGT detoxification.

During the long-term interaction between plants and phytophagous insects, plants generate diverse plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) to defend against insects, whereas insects persistently cause harm to plants by detoxifying PSMs. Xanthotoxin is an insect-resistant PSM that is widely found in plants. However, the understanding of detoxification mechanism of xanthotoxin in insects is still limited at present.

Influence of nano-polystyrene on cyfluthrin toxicity in honeybee Apis cerana cerana Fabricius.

Plastics and pesticides are commonly used and often coexist in the environment. As pollinating insects, honeybees are simultaneously exposed to both these toxins. However, there has been no study on the toxic effects of nano-polystyrene plastics (nanoPS) and cyfluthrin (Cy) on the Apis cerana cerana Fabricius until now.

Unraveling compound curing agent on protein characteristics and proteome changes of Nuodeng ham by TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics.

To understand the effects of compound curing agent (60 % NaCl+40 % KCl + 90 mg/kg NaNO) on the protein characteristics and proteome of Nuodeng ham, the protein structure, oxidation, degradation, and proteomic changes of Nuodeng ham were analyzed. The results showed that the hydrophobic and disulfide bonds were the main forces to maintain the stability of the ham protein. The compound curing agent reduced protein oxidation and promoted the transformation of the α-helix structure to the β-sheet structure.