Optimization of the electron transport in quantum dot light-emitting diodes by codoping ZnO with gallium (Ga) and magnesium (Mg).

In our study, to optimize the electron-hole balance through controlling the electron transport layer (ETL) in the QD-LEDs, four materials (ZnO, ZnGaO, ZnMgO, and ZnGaMgO NPs) were synthesized and applied to the QD-LEDs as ETLs. By doping ZnO NPs with Ga, the electrons easily inject due to the increased Fermi level of ZnO NPs, and as Mg is further doped, the valence band maximum (VBM) of ZnO NPs deepens and blocks the holes more efficiently. Also, at the interface of QD/ETLs, Mg reduces non-radiative recombination by reducing oxygen vacancy defects on the surface of ZnO NPs.

Structural color printing with a dielectric layer coated on a nanotextured metal substrate: simulation and experiment.

The printing of plasmonic structural colors relies on noble metal nanostructures fabricated on Si, glass, or plastic substrates. This paper presents a simple surface structure for producing vivid structural colors directly from common metal substrates. The structure is formed by texturing the surface of stainless steel (STS) imprinting and coating it with a dielectric layer.

Development and Assessment of a Social Network Service-Based Lifestyle-Modification Program for Workers at High Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the United States. This study examined the cardiovascular disease risk factors and health beliefs of workers for the purpose of developing a social network service (SNS)-based (e.g.

Effect of counter-ions on the properties and performance of non-conjugated polyelectrolyte interlayers in solar cell and transistor devices.

We have investigated a series of non-conjugated polyelectrolytes (NPEs) which are based on a polyethylenimine (PEI) backbone with various counterions, such as Br I and BIm , as interfacial layers at the electrodes of solar cells and transistor devices to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device performance. This new series of NPEs with different counterions are capable of forming electric dipoles at NPE/metal electrode interfaces; as a consequence tuning of the energy levels, and work function (WF) of the electrodes is possible. Using this approach, the PCE of organic solar cells could be improved from 1.

High-energy proton irradiation damage on two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride.

The dielectric layer, which is an essential building block in electronic device circuitry, is subject to intrinsic or induced defects that limit its performance. Nano-layers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) represent a promising dielectric layer in nano-electronics owing to its excellent electronic and thermal properties. In order to further analyze this technology, two-dimensional (2D) h-BN dielectric layers were exposed to high-energy proton irradiation at various proton energies and doses to intentionally introduce defective sites.

Surface functionalization of silica using catalytic hydroesterification modified polybutadienes.

A new method for covalent immobilization of catalytic hydroesterification modified polybutadiene on a silica surface is described. Compared to conventional immobilization procedures, the new protocol enables control of the functional group composition on the modified silica surface.

Positional relationship of superior and inferior labial artery by ultrasonography image analysis for safe lip augmentation procedures.

The aim of this study was to use ultrasonography to determine the locations and distributions of the superior labial artery (SLA) and the inferior labial artery (ILA) relative to the vermilion border (VB). Sixty healthy Korean volunteers (35 males, 25 females; age, 21-36 years) were investigated using ultrasonography. The participants had not received any noninvasive treatment or surgical procedure in the facial regions during the previous 6 months.

Association Between Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the KNOW-CKD.

Background High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL -C) levels are generally decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ). However, studies on the relationship between HDL -C and CKD progression are scarce. Methods and Results We studied the association between serum HDL -C levels and the risk of CKD progression in 2168 participants of the KNOW - CKD (Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease).

Preparation of glycoside polymer micelles with antioxidant polyphenolic cores using alkylated poly(arbutin)s.

This paper describes the synthesis of long-chain-alkylated poly(arbutin)s (poly(Arb)- , where = alkyl-chain length and = degree of substitution (DS)) and their aqueous micelle formation. DS was controlled by tailoring the alkyl reagent/main-chain phenol substituent feed ratio. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of poly(Arb)- were determined as 1.

Redistribution of native defects and photoconductivity in ZnO under pressure.

Control and design of native defects in semiconductors are extremely important for industrial applications. Here, we investigated the effect of external hydrostatic pressure on the redistribution of native defects and their impact on structural phase transitions and photoconductivity in ZnO. We investigated morphologically distinct rod- (ZnO-R) and flower-like (ZnO-F) ZnO microstructures where the latter contains several native defects namely, oxygen vacancies, zinc interstitials and oxygen interstitials.

Intense-pulsed-UV-converted perhydropolysilazane gate dielectrics for organic field-effect transistors and logic gates.

We fabricated a high-quality perhydropolysilazane (PHPS)-derived SiO film by intense pulsed UV irradiation and applied it as a gate dielectric layer in high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and complementary inverters. The conversion process of PHPS to SiO was optimized by varying the number of intense pulses and applied voltage. The chemical structure and gate dielectric properties of the PHPS-derived SiO films were systematically investigated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and leakage current measurements, respectively.

Ultrasonography of the internal architecture of the superficial part of the masseter muscle in vivo.

It is unclear whether the deep inferior tendon (DIT) is equally present in vivo, and little anatomical information is available regarding the existence and morphology of the DIT in healthy young subjects. The aim of this study was to characterize the DIT of the masseter muscle in healthy young subjects using ultrasonography and to compare the morphology of this tendon with previously reported data for healthy young subjects in order to provide the most-effective injection methods for botulinum neurotoxin treatments of masseteric hypertrophy. This study investigated two fresh cadavers and 30 healthy subjects.

Regional thickness of facial skin and superficial fat: Application to the minimally invasive procedures.

Various recently introduced minimally invasive treatment modalities are now widely used for enhancing the aging face. In a special, filler is used to increase the volume of tissue, and so understanding the regional thickness and distribution of the facial superficial fat is essential for optimizing minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to establish the overall facial skin and superficial fat thicknesses using a three-dimensional (3D) scanning system.

Sub-lethal hyperthermia promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition of breast cancer cells: implication of the synergy between hyperthermia and chemotherapy.

Thermotherapy has demonstrated a potential to be an effective non-surgical technique to treat breast cancer. Despite its advantages, including low toxicity and high repeatability, thermotherapy is typically required to be applied in combination with other treatments since the residual tumor cells that survive after hyperthermal treatment often cause recurrence. In this study, we confirmed that breast cancer cells tolerate temperature of up to 47 °C by synthesizing a large amount of heat shock proteins.

Structural heterogeneity in polymeric nitric oxide donor nanoblended coatings for controlled release behaviors.

Nitric oxide (NO) gas delivery has attracted extensive interest due to its endogenous therapeutic functions and potential biomedical applications for the treatment of various diseases. The important thing about NO delivery is the emission control due to the fast diffusion rate of gas molecules. To develop NO delivery platforms using macromolecules and to comprehend the chemical NO donor generation and release mechanisms, we studied branched polyethyleneimine/alginate (BPEI/ALG) nanoblended coatings fabricated by giving structural heterogeneity to the structure through a self-assembly process for the controlled release of gas molecules.

Arginase II Contributes to the Ca/CaMKII/eNOS Axis by Regulating Ca Concentration Between the Cytosol and Mitochondria in a p32-Dependent Manner.

Background Arginase II activity contributes to reciprocal regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ). We tested the hypotheses that arginase II activity participates in the regulation of Ca/Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II / eNOS activation, and this process is dependent on mitochondrial p32. Methods and Results Downregulation of arginase II increased the concentration of cytosolic Ca ([Ca]c) and decreased mitochondrial Ca ([Ca]m) in microscopic and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses, resulting in augmented eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation and decreased eNOS Thr495 phosphorylation through Ca/Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II .

High-Performance Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Supercapacitors Realized by Molybdenum Dioxide@Nitrogen-Doped Carbon and Copper Cobalt Sulfide Tubular Nanostructures.

Flexible quasi-/all-solid-state supercapacitors have elicited scientific attention to fulfill the explosive demand for portable and wearable electronic devices. However, the use of electrode materials faces several challenges, such as intrinsically slow kinetics and volume change upon cycling, which impede the energy output and electrochemical stability. This study presents well-aligned molybdenum dioxide@nitrogen-doped carbon (MoO@NC) and copper cobalt sulfide (CuCoS) tubular nanostructures grown on flexible carbon fiber for use as electrode materials in supercapacitors.

Label-free and real-time monitoring of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in 2D and 3D cell culture systems using impedance cell sensors.

Three dimensional (3D) stem cell culture has recently received considerable attention because it may enable the development of 3D tissue models. In particular, label-free and real-time monitoring of stem cell differentiation is of importance for tissue engineering applications; however, only a few non-invasive monitoring methods are available, especially for 3D cell culture. Here, we describe impedance cell sensors that allowed the monitoring of cellular behaviors in 2D and 3D cell cultures in real-time.

Polystyrene enhanced crystallization of perovskites towards high performance solar cells.

Perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. In the research on methylammonium lead-iodide (CHNHPbI), a lot of work has been devoted to optimize the film morphology and crystallinity resulting in an enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE). A good surface coverage and uniform perovskite films are highly desirable along with a smooth and pinhole-free contact between the hole and electron extraction layers.

Host Cell Mimic Polymersomes for Rapid Detection of Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus via a Viral Fusion and Cell Entry Mechanism.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections have occurred continuously and crossed the species barrier to humans, leading to fatalities. A polymerase chain reaction based molecular test is currently the most sensitive diagnostic tool for HPAIV; however, the results must be analyzed in centralized diagnosis systems by a trained individual. This requirement leads to delays in quarantine and isolation.

Methodologies toward Efficient and Stable Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite-Based Solar Cells.

In an attempt to replace thermally vulnerable organic perovskites, considerable research effort has recently been focused on the development of all-inorganic perovskites in the field of photovoltaics. The preceding studies demonstrated that cesium lead halide perovskites are promising candidates for thermally stable and efficient solar cell materials. Here, the recent progress in cesium lead halide perovskite-based solar cells is summarized.

Topography of the dorsal nasal artery and its clinical implications for augmentation of the dorsum of the nose.

Background: Injections of filler into the nose for dorsum augmentation have a higher risk of complications due to the complicated blood supply and anastomotic channels in this area.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical features and location of the dorsal nasal artery (DNA), and to provide clinical anatomical information to reduce side effects and severe complications in the perinasal area.

Methods: Using the 31 cadaveric noses in Asians, dissections and histologic examinations were performed to identify the location and depth of the vascular structures including DNA.

11% Organic Photovoltaic Devices Based on PTB7-Th: PCBM Photoactive Layers and Irradiation-Assisted ZnO Electron Transport Layers.

The enhancement of interfacial charge collection efficiency using buffer layers is a cost-effective way to improve the performance of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) because they are often universally applicable regardless of the active materials. However, the availability of high-performance buffer materials, which are solution-processable at low temperature, are limited and they often require burdensome additional surface modifications. Herein, high-performance ZnO based electron transporting layers (ETLs) for OPVs are developed with a novel -ray-assisted solution process.

Correlation between Cycling Power and Muscle Thickness in Cyclists.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between muscle thickness (MT) and cycling power in varsity cyclists using ultrasonography (US) and to identify any differences in MT between short- and long-distance cyclists. Twelve cyclists participated in this study. Real-time two-dimensional B-mode US was used to measure the MT in the anterior thigh, anterior lower leg, and trunk, especially in the abdominal and lumbar regions.