Cation Effect on the Electrochemical Platinum Dissolution.

Ensuring the stability of electrocatalysts is paramount to the success of electrochemical energy conversion devices. Degradation is a fundamental process involving the release of positively charged metal ions into the electric double layer (EDL) and their subsequent diffusion into the bulk electrolyte. However, despite its vital importance in achieving prolonged electrocatalysis, the underlying causality of catalyst dissolution with the EDL structure remains largely unknown.

Clinical efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A in dry eye patients with inadequate responses to 0.05% cyclosporine A: a switching, prospective, open-label, multicenter study.

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A (CsA) in dry eye patients who have shown inadequate responses to previous treatment with 0.05% CsA.

Multimodal treatments and the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema: insights from a nationally representative cohort in South Korea.

Background: As the roles of chemotherapy (Chemo) and radiation therapy (Radio) in the definitive treatment of breast cancer have expanded, a broader understanding of the factors associated with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) has become increasingly essential. Therefore, we investigated the association between multimodality treatment and the risk of BCRL.

Methods: In this retrospective study conducted using National Health Insurance data and the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (2006-2017), 114,638 participants who underwent Surgery (Surg) or Chemo within 6 months after breast cancer diagnosis were enrolled, and the effect of multimodality treatment on the risk of BCRL was analyzed using the Cox proportional-hazards model.

Shoulder Aesthetics: A Novel Synergy of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers and Neuromodulators.

The pursuit of aesthetically pleasing shoulder contours, particularly those characterised by a sharp, angular definition, has gained significant traction in Southeast Asia. Traditionally, neuromodulators have been used to achieve these results by inducing muscle atrophy, particularly in the trapezius muscles. However, this approach can carry potential risks, such as compromised muscle function and spinal instability.

Active learning framework to optimize process parameters for additive-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V with high strength and ductility.

Optimizing process and heat-treatment parameters of laser powder bed fusion for producing Ti-6Al-4V alloys with high strength and ductility is crucial to meet performance demands in various applications. Nevertheless, inherent trade-offs between strength and ductility render traditional trial-and-error methods inefficient. Herein, we present Pareto active learning framework with targeted experimental validation to efficiently explore vast parameter space of 296 candidates, pinpointing optimal parameters to augment both strength and ductility.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Two Types of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in Kidney Transplantation Recipients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea.

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are antidiabetic drugs known for their minimal side effects and limited drug interaction witih immunosuppressants, making them suitable for patients with diabetes and kidney transplant recipients. However, there is limited real-world information regarding the use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with post transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM).

Method: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study of 13,828 kidney transplant recipients form Janary 1, 2002, through December 21, 2018, using the Korean National Health Information Database.

Transversus abdominis plane block combined with intrathecal fentanyl versus intrathecal morphine for post-cesarean analgesia: a randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.

Background: Intrathecal morphine is the standard for post-cesarean analgesia but often causes pruritus and may be unavailable in resource-limited settings. This study assessed whether a combination of bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and intrathecal fentanyl provides non-inferior analgesia compared with intrathecal morphine following cesarean delivery within the multimodal analgesia context.

Methods: Eighty mothers were randomized to receive either intrathecal fentanyl 10 µg with bilateral TAP block using 15 mL of 0.

Association of workplace toilet access with urinary tract symptoms and productivity loss among female workers.

This study investigated workplace toilet access related to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among women in the Korean workforce. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine demographic characteristics, occupational risk factors, and urinary tract symptoms among employed Korean women. Occupational risk factors included two survey questions about access to toilets at work.

Artificial intelligence-enhanced comprehensive assessment of the aortic valve stenosis continuum in echocardiography.

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary modality for diagnosing aortic stenosis (AS), yet it requires skilled operators and can be resource-intensive. We developed and validated an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for evaluating AS that is effective in both resource-limited and advanced settings.

Methods: We created a dual-pathway AI system for AS evaluation using a nationwide echocardiographic dataset (developmental dataset, n = 8427): 1) a deep learning (DL)-based AS continuum assessment algorithm using limited 2D TTE videos, and 2) automating conventional AS evaluation.

Abelacimab versus Rivaroxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Abelacimab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to the inactive form of factor XI and blocks its activation. The safety of abelacimab as compared with a direct oral anticoagulant in patients with atrial fibrillation is unknown.

Methods: Patients with atrial fibrillation and a moderate-to-high risk of stroke were randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to receive subcutaneous injection of abelacimab (150 mg or 90 mg once monthly) administered in a blinded fashion or oral rivaroxaban (20 mg once daily) administered in an open-label fashion.

Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on Distance from Haptic to Principal Object Plane.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of the distance from the most-anterior surface of the optic to the principal object plane (POP) and from the foremost haptic to the principal object plane (H-POP) on the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Setting: A tertiary hospital.

Design: Optical simulation and retrospective cross-sectional study.

Noncanonical role of Golgi-associated macrophage TAZ in chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis.

Until now, Hippo pathway-mediated nucleocytoplasmic translocation has been considered the primary mechanism by which yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) transcriptional coactivators regulate cell proliferation and differentiation via transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD)-mediated target gene expression. In this study, however, we found that TAZ, but not YAP, is associated with the Golgi apparatus in macrophages activated via Toll-like receptor ligands during the resolution phase of inflammation. Golgi-associated TAZ enhanced vesicle trafficking and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in M1 macrophage independent of the Hippo pathway.

A CRISPR-Cas12a-based universal rapid scrub typhus diagnostic method targeting 16S rRNA of Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection and occurs frequently in an area called the Tsutsugamushi Triangle. Currently, there is no vaccine for O. tsutsugamushi, and its infection is treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline.

Automated extracellular volume fraction measurement for diagnosis and prognostication in patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis.

Aims: T1 mapping on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is useful for diagnosis and prognostication in patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA). We conducted this study to evaluate the performance of T1 mapping parameters, derived from artificial intelligence (AI)-automated segmentation, for detection of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and their prognostic values in patients with AL-CA.

Methods And Results: A total of 300 consecutive patients who underwent CMR for differential diagnosis of LVH were analyzed.

Differentiation of intrapancreatic accessory spleen from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor using MRI R2.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of R2* in distinguishing intrapancreatic accessory spleens (IPASs) from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs).

Methods: Two radiologists (R1 and R2) retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 20 IPAS and 20 PNET patients. IPASs were diagnosed with uptake on 99mTc labeled heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy or characteristic findings on CT/MRI and ≥ 12 month-long-stability.

Tunable Catalytic Vertex Wall Chemistry in Metal-free Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction.

Metal-free covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) because of their unique structural properties and notable stability. To enhance both catalytic activity and selectivity, a variety of linkers and linkages have been investigated in efforts to precisely engineer COFs. However, the impact of vertex structures within COFs on ORR catalysis remains largely underexplored.

Update on the treatment navigation for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B: expert consensus 2.0.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements.

Effect of nationwide postoperative rehabilitation at home program after lower extremity surgeries in older and younger people.

Background: A nationwide Rehabilitation at Home Care Pilot Program for patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgeries has been ongoing since 2020. The program was designed to improve clinical outcomes through early mobilization and rehabilitation after discharge. This study aimed to analyze the interim data to assess its effectiveness and suggest improvements, particularly for older patients who are more vulnerable compared to younger patients.

AI Machine Learning-Based Diabetes Prediction in Older Adults in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: Diabetes is prevalent in older adults, and machine learning algorithms could help predict diabetes in this population.

Objective: This study determined diabetes risk factors among older adults aged ≥60 years using machine learning algorithms and selected an optimized prediction model.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3084 older adults aged ≥60 years in Seoul from January to November 2023.

Predicting branch retinal vein occlusion development using multimodal deep learning and pre-onset fundus hemisection images.

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a leading cause of visual impairment in working-age individuals, though predicting its occurrence from retinal vascular features alone remains challenging. We developed a deep learning model to predict BRVO based on pre-onset, metadata-matched fundus hemisection images. This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with unilateral BRVO from two Korean tertiary centers (2005-2023), using hemisection fundus images from 27 BRVO-affected eyes paired with 81 unaffected hemisections (27 counter and 54 contralateral) for training.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training using a silicone simulator fabricated using a 3D printing technique (with videos).

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) training remains challenging. This study used 3D printing techniques to develop and optimize a portable ERCP training simulator and to implement basic and advanced practical techniques. Subsequently, we aimed to determine whether endoscopy trainees acquired proficiency in ERCP techniques and assess any improvements in their skill levels from using this model.

Charge Modification of Lysine Mitigates Amyloid-β Aggregation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, which aggregate into toxic structures such as oligomers, fibrils, and plaques. The presence of these Aβ aggregates in the brain plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology, leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Understanding how physiological factors affect Aβ aggregation is essential, and therefore, exploring their influence in vitro will likely provide insights into their role in AD pathology.