Understanding the role of metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer risk: A UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Predictive value of metabolic syndrome for prostate cancer risk is not clear. We aimed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with prostate cancer incidence. The primary outcome was prostate cancer incidence, i.

Characterizing Cardiac Adipose Tissue in Post-AMI Patients via CT Imaging: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study.

Aims: To identify differences in CT-derived perivascular (PVAT) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) characteristics that may indicate inflammatory status differences between post-treatment acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.

Methods And Results: A cohort of 205 post-AMI patients (age 59.8±9.

Plasticity of cell death pathways ensures GSDMD activation during Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.

Macrophages express pattern recognition and cytokine receptors that mediate proinflammatory signal transduction pathways to combat microbial infection. To retaliate against such responses, pathogenic microorganisms have evolved multiple strategies to impede innate immune signaling. Recent studies demonstrated that YopJ suppression of TAK1 signaling during Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection promotes the assembly of a RIPK1-dependent death-inducing complex that enables caspase-8 to directly cleave and activate gasdermin D (GSDMD).

Is germline genome-editing person-affecting or identity-affecting, and does it matter?

Writers have debated whether germline genome-editing is person-affecting or identity-affecting. The difference is thought to be ethically relevant to whether we should choose genome-editing or choose preimplantation genetic diagnosis and embryo selection, when seeking to prevent or produce bad conditions (e.g.

Cross-Sectional Association Between Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns, Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts, and Cognition.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) geometric patterns are associated with cognitive impairment and cerebral small vessel disease. As a novel magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease and a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) have been associated with heart disease through mechanisms including cardioembolism and cerebral hypoperfusion. Further investigation is required to determine whether cortical CMIs could arise from hemodynamic changes related to LV geometry, thus elucidating the connection between LV geometry and cognitive function.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Inclisiran for the Treatment of Primary Hypercholesterolemia or Mixed Dyslipidemia in Singapore.

Objectives: This analysis evaluated the cost-effectiveness of inclisiran plus standard of care (SoC; comprising statins, ezetimibe, and fenofibrate) in primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia from a Singapore healthcare system perspective. Inclisiran + SoC was separately compared with SoC, alirocumab + SoC, and evolocumab + SoC.

Methods: A lifetime Markov model in the United Kingdom (UK) was adapted to the Singapore setting.

Hepatic adverse events associated with ketamine and esketamine: A population-based disproportionality analysis.

Background And Objective: To determine whether there is disproportionate reporting of hepatobiliary disorders in the United States (US) FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for individuals prescribed ketamine or esketamine.

Design: We identified Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) terms in the FAERS related to hepatobiliary disorders.

Main Measures: Formulations of ketamine and esketamine were evaluated for the proportionality of reporting for each hepatobiliary disorder parameter using the reporting odds ratio (ROR).

Draft genomes of fluoroquinolone-resistant subspecies strains isolated from Cambodian poultry marketplaces.

High-quality draft genomes of six subspecies strains from Cambodian poultry marketplaces were sequenced. The strains were identified as Corvallis-, Monschaui-, and Kentucky-serovars. The fluoroquinolone resistance gene, was found in three strains in different Cambodian provinces.

Enhancing Small-for-Gestational-Age Prediction: Multi-Country Validation of Nuchal Thickness, Estimated Fetal Weight, and Machine Learning Models.

Objective: The first objective is to develop a nuchal thickness reference chart. The second objective is to compare rule-based algorithms and machine learning models in predicting small-for-gestational-age infants.

Method: This retrospective study involved singleton pregnancies at University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, developed a nuchal thickness chart and evaluated its predictive value for small-for-gestational-age using Malaysian and Singapore cohorts.

Defining the Critical Requisites for Accurate Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Dynamics: Patient Characteristics and Data Collection Protocol.

Mathematical models of viral dynamics are crucial in understanding infection trajectories. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load data often includes limited sparse observations with significant heterogeneity. This study aims to: (1) understand the impact of patient characteristics in shaping the temporal viral load trajectory and (2) establish a data collection protocol (DCP) to reliably reconstruct individual viral load trajectories.

Maternal mental disorders, psychotropic drugs, socioeconomic status, and offspring congenital anomalies.

Objective: To evaluate whether there is an association between maternal mental health, purchase of psychotropic drugs, socioeconomic status and major congenital anomalies in offspring.

Methods: A register-based cohort study of 6189 Finnish primiparous women who had a singleton delivery between 2009 and 2015. Data on pregnancy and delivery outcomes, psychiatric diagnosis, prescription drug purchases and offspring congenital anomalies were obtained from Finnish national registers.

Low serum serotonin is associated with functional decline, mild behavioural impairment and brain atrophy in dementia-free subjects.

Brain serotonin dysregulation is associated with dementia and neuropsychiatric symptomology. However, the prognostic utility of circulating serotonin levels in detecting features of prodromal dementia including functional decline, cognitive impairment, mild behavioural impairment and brain atrophy remains unclear. In this prospective study of memory clinic subjects followed-up for ≤5 years, dementia-free subjects, classified as having no cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment, no dementia at baseline, underwent annual neuropsychological assessments including Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Global Cognition scores and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Global Scores (where a ≥ 0.

Epigenetic Control of Redox Pathways in Cancer Progression.

Growing evidence indicates the importance of redox reactions homeostasis, mediated predominantly by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in influencing the development, differentiation, progression, metastasis, programmed cell death, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic resistance of cancer. Therefore, reviewing the ROS-linked epigenetic changes in cancer is fundamental to understanding the progression and prevention of cancer. We review in depth the molecular mechanisms involved in ROS-mediated epigenetic changes that lead to alteration of gene expression by altering DNA, modifying histones, and remodeling chromatin and noncoding RNA.

The global prevalence of emotional eating in overweight and obese populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review aims to investigate the current prevalence of emotional eating and its associated factors in overweight and obese populations. We included studies that (1) reported prevalence of emotional eating; (2) were in the context of weight gain or overweight and obesity; (3) used a validated psychometric tool to assess emotional eating; (4) were published as an internationally referred journal article and (5) were reported in the English language. Articles were searched on eight electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science) from the journals' inception to 11 April 2024.

A policy framework for leveraging generative AI to address enduring challenges in clinical trials.

Can artificial intelligence improve clinical trial design? Despite their importance in medicine, over 40% of trials involve flawed protocols. We introduce and propose the development of application-specific language models (ASLMs) for clinical trial design across three phases: ASLM development by regulatory agencies, customization by Health Technology Assessment bodies, and deployment to stakeholders. This strategy could enhance trial efficiency, inclusivity, and safety, leading to more representative, cost-effective clinical trials.

Can large language models fully automate or partially assist paper selection in systematic reviews?

Background/aims: Large language models (LLMs) have substantial potential to enhance the efficiency of academic research. The accuracy and performance of LLMs in a systematic review, a core part of evidence building, has yet to be studied in detail.

Methods: We introduced two LLM-based approaches of systematic review: an LLM-enabled fully automated approach (LLM-FA) utilising three different GPT-4 plugins (Consensus GPT, Scholar GPT and GPT web browsing modes) and an LLM-facilitated semi-automated approach (LLM-SA) using GPT4's Application Programming Interface (API).

Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke patients with ASPECTS 4-5 vs. 6-7: a retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) efficacy in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke, particularly in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), remains less explored.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 443 AIS patients treated with MT for MeVO and low ASPECTS (4-7) at 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe, from September 2017 to July 2021. Patients were categorized into ASPECTS of 4-5 and 6-7.

The Impact of Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis on Concomitant Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Both anxiety and depression are prevalent among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and associated with poorer outcomes following treatment for CRS. However, the impact of treatment on CRS on mental health remains uncertain. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate if surgical intervention for CRS may alleviate comorbid depression and anxiety.

Utilizing deep learning to predict Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment with optical coherence tomography.

Introduction: Diagnostic performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains limited. We aimed to develop a deep-learning algorithm using OCT to detect AD and MCI.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study involving 228 Asian participants (173 cases/55 controls) for model development and testing on 68 Asian (52 cases/16 controls) and 85 White (39 cases/46 controls) participants.